洞庭湖区平水期浮游生物群落结构特征及富营养化现状
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摘要
为了解洞庭湖区浮游生物群落结构特征及其富营养化现状,于2017年8月对洞庭湖区"三口"、"四水"等来水入湖断面、湖区及出口断面等24个采样点的水质状况和浮游生物群落结构现状进行调查。结果表明:浮游植物共检出6门53属75种,平均藻细胞密度为458.3×104个·L-1,生物量变化范围为0.06~3.64 mg·L-1,平均值为0.92 mg·L-1;洞庭湖以蓝藻、硅藻占优,属于蓝藻-硅藻型湖泊;"三口水系"优势种有颗粒直链藻(Aulacoseira granulata)、科曼小环藻(Cyclotella comensis),"四水水系"优势种有颗粒直链藻、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa),湖区中优势种有颗粒直链藻、铜绿微囊藻、微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、小席藻(Phormidium tenue);浮游动物共检出4门20属,浮游动物密度变化范围5.0~3.4×103个·L-1,"三口水系"优势属为砂壳虫(Difflugia),"四水水系"优势属为砂壳虫、铃壳虫(Tintinnidium),湖区中优势属为砂壳虫、多肢轮虫(Polyarthra)。用综合营养状态指数、浮游生物Shannon多样性指数和Margalef种类丰富度指数分别评价水体的富营养化程度,均表明洞庭湖水体呈富营养化状态。与太湖、巢湖等淡水湖泊相比,洞庭湖藻细胞密度较小,富营养化程度较浅,但从洞庭湖富营养化的历史变化趋势可以看出,洞庭湖水质状况不容乐观,对洞庭湖生态的治理和修复迫在眉睫。
To evaluate plankton community structure and eutrophication status in Dongting Lake,water quality and the current situation of plankton community structure were investigated in August 2017. There were 24 sampling points,which distributed in "Sankou","Sishui "and other inflow river cross sections,lake regions and outlet sections. The results showed that phytoplankton in Dongting Lake had a total of 75 species belonging to 53 genera from six phyla. The average algae density was 458.3 × 104 cells·L-1,and average biomass was 0.92 mg·L-1(ranging from 0.06-3.64 mg ·L-1). Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta dominated in Dongting Lake,which made the lake a Cyanophyta-Bacillariophyta lake. Aulacoseira granulata and Cyclotella comensis were the dominant species in "Sankou " while Aulacoseira granulata and Microcystis aeruginosa dominated in "Sishui". Aulacoseira granulata,Microcystis aeruginosa,Merismopedia tenuissima and Phormidium tenue were dominant species in lake regions. In terms of zooplankton,20 genera from four phyla were identified,with total density from 5.0 to 3.4×103 ind·L-1. Dominant zooplankton varied with "Sankou"(Difflugia),"Sishui"(Difflugia and Tintinnidium) and lake regions(Difflugia and Polyarthra). To evaluate the eutrophication level,we used three assessment methods, including comprehensive nutritive index, Shannon index and Margalef index. All indices indicated that the lake was under eutrophication. Compared with other freshwater lakes such as Taihu and Chaohu,Dongting Lake was positioned at the lower trophic level and had relatively lower algal density. However,the trend of historical eutrophication implied that the water quality status in Dongting Lake was not optimistic. As a result,more attention should be paid to water body of Dongting Lake and endeavor on ecological remediation is critically needed.
To evaluate plankton community structure and eutrophication status in Dongting Lake,water quality and the current situation of plankton community structure were investigated in August 2017. There were 24 sampling points,which distributed in "Sankou","Sishui "and other inflow river cross sections,lake regions and outlet sections. The results showed that phytoplankton in Dongting Lake had a total of 75 species belonging to 53 genera from six phyla. The average algae density was 458.3 × 104 cells·L-1,and average biomass was 0.92 mg·L-1(ranging from 0.06-3.64 mg ·L-1). Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta dominated in Dongting Lake,which made the lake a Cyanophyta-Bacillariophyta lake. Aulacoseira granulata and Cyclotella comensis were the dominant species in "Sankou " while Aulacoseira granulata and Microcystis aeruginosa dominated in "Sishui". Aulacoseira granulata,Microcystis aeruginosa,Merismopedia tenuissima and Phormidium tenue were dominant species in lake regions. In terms of zooplankton,20 genera from four phyla were identified,with total density from 5.0 to 3.4×103 ind·L-1. Dominant zooplankton varied with "Sankou"(Difflugia),"Sishui"(Difflugia and Tintinnidium) and lake regions(Difflugia and Polyarthra). To evaluate the eutrophication level,we used three assessment methods, including comprehensive nutritive index, Shannon index and Margalef index. All indices indicated that the lake was under eutrophication. Compared with other freshwater lakes such as Taihu and Chaohu,Dongting Lake was positioned at the lower trophic level and had relatively lower algal density. However,the trend of historical eutrophication implied that the water quality status in Dongting Lake was not optimistic. As a result,more attention should be paid to water body of Dongting Lake and endeavor on ecological remediation is critically needed.
引文
长江流域水环境监测中心.2013.水环境监测规范.北京:中国水利水电出版社.
陈心胜,谢永宏,李峰,等.2010.洞庭湖封闭河口区与湖心区的基本生态特征---以六门闸至小西湖样带为例.生态与农村环境学报,26(5):502-507.
陈永灿,俞茜,朱德军,等.2014.河流中浮游藻类生长的可能影响因素研究进展与展望.水力发电学报,33(4):186-195.
高子涵,孟宪智,周绪申.2016a.大通湖浮游植物群落结构与环境因子关系.水利信息化,(5):21-30.
高子涵,张健,皮杰,等.2016b.湖南省大通湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子关系.生态学杂志,35(3):733-740.
国家环境保护总局.2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
洪林,董磊华,李文哲.2007.三峡工程建库后对洞庭湖水位、泥沙和水质的影响分析.中国水利,(6):13-14.
胡春华,周文斌,肖化云,等.2010.鄱阳湖富营养化现状及其正态分布特征分析.人民长江,41(19):64-68.
胡鸿钧,魏印心.2006.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社.
黄琪,高俊峰,张艳会,等.2016.长江中下游四大淡水湖生态系统完整性评价.生态学报,36(1):118-126.
黄代中,万群,李利强,等.2013.洞庭湖近20年水质与富营养化状态变化.环境科学研究,26(1):27-33.
金相灿,屠清瑛.1990.湖泊富营养化调查规范(第二版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
孔繁翔,高光.2005.大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考.生态学报,25(3):589-595.
孔繁翔.2011.蓝藻生物学特性与水华形成机制概述//宋立荣,孔繁翔.蓝藻水华过程及其环境特征研究.北京:科学出版社:43.
李娣,李旭文,牛志春,等.2014.太湖浮游植物群落结构及其与水质指标间的关系.生态环境学报,23(11):1814-1820.
李静,崔凯,卢文轩,等.2015.春季和夏季巢湖浮游生物群落组成及其动态分析.水生生物学报,39(1):185-192.
李德亮,张婷,肖调义,等.2013.湖南省大通湖河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)现存量及其时空分布.湖泊科学,25(5):743-748.
李利强,张建波.1999.洞庭湖浮游植物群落结构及与水质营养状况的关系.贵州环保科技,(2):8-11.
李学军,鲍战猛,高彩凤,等.2014.北运河浮游动物调查及水质评价.生态学杂志,33(6):1559-1564.
林碧琴,谢淑琦.1988.水生藻类与水体污染监测.沈阳:辽宁大学出版社.
刘一,禹娜,冯德祥,等.2010.上海市中心城区河道浮游动物群落结构的周年变化.生态学杂志,29(2):370-376.
刘景景,陈洁.2011.洞庭湖区淡水渔业发展现状和制约因素分析---以湖南南县为例.中国渔业经济,29(4):166-171.
沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩.1990.微型生物监测新技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
水利部综合事业局.2014.水库渔业资源调查规范(SL 167-2014).北京:中国水利水电出版社.
孙占东,黄群,姜加虎.2011.洞庭湖主要生态环境问题变化分析.长江流域资源与环境,20(9):1108-1113.
田琪,陈政.2007.洞庭湖浮游植物群落结构调查与分析.内陆水产,32(8):30-32.
汪星,李利强,郑丙辉,等.2016.洞庭湖浮游藻类功能群的组成特征及其影响因素研究.中国环境科学,36(12):3766-3776.
汪星,郑丙辉,刘录三,等.2012.洞庭湖典型断面藻类组成及其与环境因子典范对应分析.农业环境科学学报,31(5):995-1002.
王琦,欧伏平,张雷,等.2015.三峡工程运行后洞庭湖水环境变化及影响分析.长江流域资源与环境,24(11):1843-1849.
王岩,姜霞,李永峰,等.2014.洞庭湖氮磷时空分布与水体营养状态特征.环境科学研究,27(5):484-491.
王丽婧,汪星,刘录三,等.2013.洞庭湖水质因子的多元分析.环境科学研究,26(1):1-7.
王晓清,曾亚英,吴含含.2013.湘江干流浮游生物群落结构及水质状况分析.水生生物学报,37(3):488-494.
熊剑,喻方琴,田琪,等.2016.近30年来洞庭湖水质营养状况演变特征分析.湖泊科学,28(6):1217-1225.
杨春浩,金红春.2017.洞庭湖区渔业产业化发展研究---以湖南安乡县为例.中国渔业经济,35(1):41-47.
杨国兵,段一平.2007.洞庭湖水污染现状及防治对策.湖南水利水电,(2):51-52.
杨丽丽,何光喜,胡忠军,等.2013.鲢鳙占优势的千岛湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相关性.水产学报,37(6):894-903.
杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,等.2014.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价.水生生物学报,38(4):720-728.
张民,孔繁翔.2015.巢湖富营养化的历程、空间分布与治理策略(1984-2013年).湖泊科学,27(5):791-798.
张屹,袁根喜,龚正,等.2016.东洞庭湖浮游植物特征调查.生物技术世界,(3):29.
章宗涉,黄祥飞.2006.淡水浮游生物研究方法.北京:科学出版社.
曾春芳,黄向荣,李小玲.2007.南洞庭湖浮游生物资源调查.内陆水产,31(1):24-26.
Bays JS,Crisman TL.1983.Zooplankton and trophic state relationships in Florida lakes.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,40:1813-1819.
Chen YW,Fan C,Teubner K,et al.2003.Changes of nutrients and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a in a large shallow lake,Taihu,China:An 8-year investigation.Hydrobiologia,506-509:273-279.
Jones ID,Elliott JA.2007.Modelling the effects of changing retention time on abundance and composition of phytoplankton species in a small lake.Freshwater Biology,52:988-997.
Liu X,Li YL,Liu BG,et al.2016.Cyanobacteria in the complex river-connected Poyang Lake:Horizontal distribution and transport.Hydrobiologia,768:95-110.
Margalef R.1958.Information theory in ecology.General Systematics,3:36-71.
Shannon CE.1948.A mathematical theory of communication.Bell System Technical Journal,27:379-423.
Sprules WG,Munawar M.1986.Plankton size spectra in relation to ecosystem productivity,size and perturbation.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,43:1789-1794.
陈心胜,谢永宏,李峰,等.2010.洞庭湖封闭河口区与湖心区的基本生态特征---以六门闸至小西湖样带为例.生态与农村环境学报,26(5):502-507.
陈永灿,俞茜,朱德军,等.2014.河流中浮游藻类生长的可能影响因素研究进展与展望.水力发电学报,33(4):186-195.
高子涵,孟宪智,周绪申.2016a.大通湖浮游植物群落结构与环境因子关系.水利信息化,(5):21-30.
高子涵,张健,皮杰,等.2016b.湖南省大通湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子关系.生态学杂志,35(3):733-740.
国家环境保护总局.2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
洪林,董磊华,李文哲.2007.三峡工程建库后对洞庭湖水位、泥沙和水质的影响分析.中国水利,(6):13-14.
胡春华,周文斌,肖化云,等.2010.鄱阳湖富营养化现状及其正态分布特征分析.人民长江,41(19):64-68.
胡鸿钧,魏印心.2006.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社.
黄琪,高俊峰,张艳会,等.2016.长江中下游四大淡水湖生态系统完整性评价.生态学报,36(1):118-126.
黄代中,万群,李利强,等.2013.洞庭湖近20年水质与富营养化状态变化.环境科学研究,26(1):27-33.
金相灿,屠清瑛.1990.湖泊富营养化调查规范(第二版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
孔繁翔,高光.2005.大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考.生态学报,25(3):589-595.
孔繁翔.2011.蓝藻生物学特性与水华形成机制概述//宋立荣,孔繁翔.蓝藻水华过程及其环境特征研究.北京:科学出版社:43.
李娣,李旭文,牛志春,等.2014.太湖浮游植物群落结构及其与水质指标间的关系.生态环境学报,23(11):1814-1820.
李静,崔凯,卢文轩,等.2015.春季和夏季巢湖浮游生物群落组成及其动态分析.水生生物学报,39(1):185-192.
李德亮,张婷,肖调义,等.2013.湖南省大通湖河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)现存量及其时空分布.湖泊科学,25(5):743-748.
李利强,张建波.1999.洞庭湖浮游植物群落结构及与水质营养状况的关系.贵州环保科技,(2):8-11.
李学军,鲍战猛,高彩凤,等.2014.北运河浮游动物调查及水质评价.生态学杂志,33(6):1559-1564.
林碧琴,谢淑琦.1988.水生藻类与水体污染监测.沈阳:辽宁大学出版社.
刘一,禹娜,冯德祥,等.2010.上海市中心城区河道浮游动物群落结构的周年变化.生态学杂志,29(2):370-376.
刘景景,陈洁.2011.洞庭湖区淡水渔业发展现状和制约因素分析---以湖南南县为例.中国渔业经济,29(4):166-171.
沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩.1990.微型生物监测新技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
水利部综合事业局.2014.水库渔业资源调查规范(SL 167-2014).北京:中国水利水电出版社.
孙占东,黄群,姜加虎.2011.洞庭湖主要生态环境问题变化分析.长江流域资源与环境,20(9):1108-1113.
田琪,陈政.2007.洞庭湖浮游植物群落结构调查与分析.内陆水产,32(8):30-32.
汪星,李利强,郑丙辉,等.2016.洞庭湖浮游藻类功能群的组成特征及其影响因素研究.中国环境科学,36(12):3766-3776.
汪星,郑丙辉,刘录三,等.2012.洞庭湖典型断面藻类组成及其与环境因子典范对应分析.农业环境科学学报,31(5):995-1002.
王琦,欧伏平,张雷,等.2015.三峡工程运行后洞庭湖水环境变化及影响分析.长江流域资源与环境,24(11):1843-1849.
王岩,姜霞,李永峰,等.2014.洞庭湖氮磷时空分布与水体营养状态特征.环境科学研究,27(5):484-491.
王丽婧,汪星,刘录三,等.2013.洞庭湖水质因子的多元分析.环境科学研究,26(1):1-7.
王晓清,曾亚英,吴含含.2013.湘江干流浮游生物群落结构及水质状况分析.水生生物学报,37(3):488-494.
熊剑,喻方琴,田琪,等.2016.近30年来洞庭湖水质营养状况演变特征分析.湖泊科学,28(6):1217-1225.
杨春浩,金红春.2017.洞庭湖区渔业产业化发展研究---以湖南安乡县为例.中国渔业经济,35(1):41-47.
杨国兵,段一平.2007.洞庭湖水污染现状及防治对策.湖南水利水电,(2):51-52.
杨丽丽,何光喜,胡忠军,等.2013.鲢鳙占优势的千岛湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相关性.水产学报,37(6):894-903.
杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,等.2014.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价.水生生物学报,38(4):720-728.
张民,孔繁翔.2015.巢湖富营养化的历程、空间分布与治理策略(1984-2013年).湖泊科学,27(5):791-798.
张屹,袁根喜,龚正,等.2016.东洞庭湖浮游植物特征调查.生物技术世界,(3):29.
章宗涉,黄祥飞.2006.淡水浮游生物研究方法.北京:科学出版社.
曾春芳,黄向荣,李小玲.2007.南洞庭湖浮游生物资源调查.内陆水产,31(1):24-26.
Bays JS,Crisman TL.1983.Zooplankton and trophic state relationships in Florida lakes.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,40:1813-1819.
Chen YW,Fan C,Teubner K,et al.2003.Changes of nutrients and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a in a large shallow lake,Taihu,China:An 8-year investigation.Hydrobiologia,506-509:273-279.
Jones ID,Elliott JA.2007.Modelling the effects of changing retention time on abundance and composition of phytoplankton species in a small lake.Freshwater Biology,52:988-997.
Liu X,Li YL,Liu BG,et al.2016.Cyanobacteria in the complex river-connected Poyang Lake:Horizontal distribution and transport.Hydrobiologia,768:95-110.
Margalef R.1958.Information theory in ecology.General Systematics,3:36-71.
Shannon CE.1948.A mathematical theory of communication.Bell System Technical Journal,27:379-423.
Sprules WG,Munawar M.1986.Plankton size spectra in relation to ecosystem productivity,size and perturbation.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,43:1789-1794.