洞庭湖区重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价
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摘要
为研究和评价洞庭湖重金属污染现状,选取洞庭湖区及不同入湖水系共24个采样点分别研究表层水及底泥中重金属的浓度水平,采样点的布设覆盖了整个湖区及湖区的入水、出水水系,在空间上保证了监测数据的代表性和完整性。采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对底泥中的重金属污染现状进行评价,同时对湖区重金属进行了Pearson相关关系分析,能较全面客观地反映洞庭湖区的重金属污染现状。结果表明:湖区内监测点位Cr,Cd,Pb,Cu,As,Hg的平均值分别为地球化学背景值的2. 0,10,2. 2,2. 3,6. 6倍;洞庭湖底泥中不同种类的重金属Igeo表现为Cd> Hg> Pb> Cu> Cr> As,湖区内Itot(综合地累积指数)值表现为东洞庭(君山)>南洞庭(万子湖)>西洞庭(目平湖);各重金属潜在风险程度表现为Cd> Hg> As> Cu> Pb> Cr,Cd和Hg的生态风险贡献率之和为87. 78%;湖区内的RI值在25. 32～222. 40之间,平均值128. 49,与2013年相比RI值显著降低,处于低生态风险水平。
For studying and evaluating the status quo of heavy metal pollution in Dongting Lake,we have studied the concentration levels of heavy metal in surface water and sludge respectively with the data selected from 24 sampling points in entire Dongting Lake and the rivers entering and leaving the lake which ensured the representativeness and integrity of the monitoring data in the space. The present pollution status of heavy metal in sludge was evaluated by ground accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method,and the Pearson correlation analysis of heavy metals in lake area was carried out,which could reflect the pollution status of heavy metal in Dongting Lake region comprehensively and objectively. The results indicated that the average values of Cr,Cd,Pb,Cu,As and Hg at the lake area' s monitoring points were 2. 0,10,2. 2,2. 3 and 6. 6 times of geochemical background values respectively. The heavy metal' s Igeoin Dongting Lake' s sediment were characterized by Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Cr > As,and the value of Itot( integrated accumulation index) in the lake area was represented as East Dongting Lake( Junshan Lake) > South Dongting Lake( Wanzi Lake) > West Dongting Lake( Muping Lake). The potential risk level of individual heavy metal was Cd > Hg > As > Cu > Pb > Cr,and the total ecological risk contribution rate of Cd and Hg was 87. 78%; the RI values in the lake area were between 25. 32 ～ 222. 40,with average of 128. 49,which was at a low level of ecological risk and significantly reduced compared with 2013.
For studying and evaluating the status quo of heavy metal pollution in Dongting Lake,we have studied the concentration levels of heavy metal in surface water and sludge respectively with the data selected from 24 sampling points in entire Dongting Lake and the rivers entering and leaving the lake which ensured the representativeness and integrity of the monitoring data in the space. The present pollution status of heavy metal in sludge was evaluated by ground accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method,and the Pearson correlation analysis of heavy metals in lake area was carried out,which could reflect the pollution status of heavy metal in Dongting Lake region comprehensively and objectively. The results indicated that the average values of Cr,Cd,Pb,Cu,As and Hg at the lake area' s monitoring points were 2. 0,10,2. 2,2. 3 and 6. 6 times of geochemical background values respectively. The heavy metal' s Igeoin Dongting Lake' s sediment were characterized by Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Cr > As,and the value of Itot( integrated accumulation index) in the lake area was represented as East Dongting Lake( Junshan Lake) > South Dongting Lake( Wanzi Lake) > West Dongting Lake( Muping Lake). The potential risk level of individual heavy metal was Cd > Hg > As > Cu > Pb > Cr,and the total ecological risk contribution rate of Cd and Hg was 87. 78%; the RI values in the lake area were between 25. 32 ～ 222. 40,with average of 128. 49,which was at a low level of ecological risk and significantly reduced compared with 2013.
引文
[1]郭晶,李利强,黄代中,等.洞庭湖表层水和底泥中重金属污染状况及其变化趋势[J].环境科学研究,2016(1):44-51.
[2]陈静生.中国水环境重金属研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.
[3]Chen X,Xia X,Zhao Y,et al.Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1-3):640-646.
[4]季斌,杭小帅,梁斌,等.湖泊沉积物重金属污染研究进展[J].污染防治技术,2013(5):33-40.
[5]徐庆,钱瑾,张毓祥,等.上海市黄浦江表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].中国环境监测,2011(3):89-92.
[6]邱鸿荣,罗建中,郑国辉,等.西南涌流域底泥重金属污染特征及潜在生态危害评价[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(6):32-36.
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[8]段玮娟,王旭,史璇.洞庭湖三口河系地区水环境演变趋势研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012(S2):132-137.
[9]刘娜,曾静,李旭,等.东洞庭湖湿地土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].农业现代化研究,2015(5):901-905.
[10]张光贵,谢意南,莫永涛.洞庭湖湘江入湖口至出湖口水域表层沉积物中重金属时空分布特征与生态风险[J].环境化学,2015(4):803-805.
[11]杨忠芳,夏学齐,余涛,等.湖南洞庭湖水系As和Cd等重金属元素分布特征及输送通量[J].现代地质,2008,22(6):897-908.
[12]赖锡军,姜加虎,黄群.三峡工程蓄水对洞庭湖水情的影响格局及其作用机制[J].湖泊科学,2012(2):178-184.
[13]Muller G.Index of Geoaccumulation in Sediments of the Rhine River[J].1969,2(3):109-118.
[14]李健,曾北危,姚岳云,等.洞庭湖水系水体环境背景值调查研究[J].环境科学,1986(4):62-68.
[15]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[16]Lu X Q,Werner I,Young T M.Geochemistry and bioavailability of metals in sediments from northern San Francisco Bay[J].Environment International,2005,31(4):593-602.
[17]左兰兰.洞庭湖沉积物的重金属污染及生态风险评估[J].江西农业学报,2013(6):119-121.
[18]姚志刚,鲍征宇,高璞.洞庭湖沉积物重金属环境地球化学[J].地球化学,2006(6):629-638.
[19]张光贵,田琪,郭晶.洞庭湖表层沉积物重金属生态风险及其变化趋势研究[J].生态毒理学报,2015(3):184-191.
[20]湖南省国土委员会办公室.洞庭湖区整治开发综合考察研究报告[M].长沙:湖南省国土委员会办公室,1986.
[21]万群,李飞,祝慧娜,等.东洞庭湖沉积物中重金属的分布特征、污染评价与来源辨析[J].环境科学研究,2011(12):1378-1384.
[22]唐晓娇,黄瑾辉,李飞,等.基于盲数理论的水体沉积物重金属污染评价模型[J].环境科学学报,2012(5):1104-1112.
[2]陈静生.中国水环境重金属研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.
[3]Chen X,Xia X,Zhao Y,et al.Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1-3):640-646.
[4]季斌,杭小帅,梁斌,等.湖泊沉积物重金属污染研究进展[J].污染防治技术,2013(5):33-40.
[5]徐庆,钱瑾,张毓祥,等.上海市黄浦江表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].中国环境监测,2011(3):89-92.
[6]邱鸿荣,罗建中,郑国辉,等.西南涌流域底泥重金属污染特征及潜在生态危害评价[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(6):32-36.
[7]Yalcin M G,Ilhan S.Multivariate Analyses to Determine the Origin of Potentially Harmful Heavy Metals in Beach and Dune Sediments from Kizkalesi Coast(Mersin),Turkey[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2008,81(1):57-68.
[8]段玮娟,王旭,史璇.洞庭湖三口河系地区水环境演变趋势研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012(S2):132-137.
[9]刘娜,曾静,李旭,等.东洞庭湖湿地土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].农业现代化研究,2015(5):901-905.
[10]张光贵,谢意南,莫永涛.洞庭湖湘江入湖口至出湖口水域表层沉积物中重金属时空分布特征与生态风险[J].环境化学,2015(4):803-805.
[11]杨忠芳,夏学齐,余涛,等.湖南洞庭湖水系As和Cd等重金属元素分布特征及输送通量[J].现代地质,2008,22(6):897-908.
[12]赖锡军,姜加虎,黄群.三峡工程蓄水对洞庭湖水情的影响格局及其作用机制[J].湖泊科学,2012(2):178-184.
[13]Muller G.Index of Geoaccumulation in Sediments of the Rhine River[J].1969,2(3):109-118.
[14]李健,曾北危,姚岳云,等.洞庭湖水系水体环境背景值调查研究[J].环境科学,1986(4):62-68.
[15]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[16]Lu X Q,Werner I,Young T M.Geochemistry and bioavailability of metals in sediments from northern San Francisco Bay[J].Environment International,2005,31(4):593-602.
[17]左兰兰.洞庭湖沉积物的重金属污染及生态风险评估[J].江西农业学报,2013(6):119-121.
[18]姚志刚,鲍征宇,高璞.洞庭湖沉积物重金属环境地球化学[J].地球化学,2006(6):629-638.
[19]张光贵,田琪,郭晶.洞庭湖表层沉积物重金属生态风险及其变化趋势研究[J].生态毒理学报,2015(3):184-191.
[20]湖南省国土委员会办公室.洞庭湖区整治开发综合考察研究报告[M].长沙:湖南省国土委员会办公室,1986.
[21]万群,李飞,祝慧娜,等.东洞庭湖沉积物中重金属的分布特征、污染评价与来源辨析[J].环境科学研究,2011(12):1378-1384.
[22]唐晓娇,黄瑾辉,李飞,等.基于盲数理论的水体沉积物重金属污染评价模型[J].环境科学学报,2012(5):1104-1112.