高分子抑尘剂对褐煤矿场细颗粒物的抑制特性
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摘要
为减少褐煤矿场中无组织排放的细颗粒物进入大气,避免其对人体健康、生产安全和大气环境造成严重危害,选取聚丙烯酸乳液、瓜尔豆胶、聚丙烯酰胺和羧甲基纤维素钠4种高分子单体,通过结壳硬度衰减实验筛选得到性能优良的单体瓜尔豆胶。以表面张力和接触角实验比较吐温-20、曲拉通X-100、十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠4种表面活性剂溶液对褐煤颗粒的润湿性能,实验发现非离子表面活性剂曲拉通X-100对褐煤粉尘的润湿性能最优。将高分子单体瓜尔豆胶复配以表面活性剂曲拉通X-100,开发得到一种褐煤矿场专用的结壳型抑尘剂。通过抗风蚀性能实验,考察不同单体浓度、不同风速条件对固化层风蚀后颗粒物数量浓度和粒度分布的影响,优选出最佳抑尘剂配方为质量分数0. 7%的瓜尔豆胶和0. 1%的曲拉通X-100。该抑尘剂可使煤堆表面固化形成具有一定厚度和强度的防护层,10 d后固化层硬度仍可达61. 43,能抵抗15 m/s风速侵蚀而不受影响,足以应对北方大风天气。细颗粒物数量浓度降低至3. 69×105cm-3,颗粒物数量浓度峰值出现在0. 85μm左右,低粒径段颗粒物抑制效率总体由30. 1%提高至94. 4%,粒径0. 1μm左右的细颗粒物抑制效率增幅达到64%。实验结果表明,该抑尘剂对细颗粒物的抑制效果明显,是适合褐煤矿场专用的原材料易得、环保高效的抑尘剂。
To reduce the fine particles in lignite mine and avoid serious harm to human health,production safety and the atmosphere,four poly monomers were selected.Through the attenuation of crust hardness and anti-rain erosion experiment,guar gum was ascertained to be a monomer with excellent properties.Through the surface tension and contact angle experiments,Tween-20,Triton X-100,sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were compared to determine which one has the best wetting property for lignite particles.Nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 was found to be the best.A crust type of lignite dust suppressant was developed by modifying guar gum with nonionic surfactant Triton X-100.The effects of monomer concentration and wind speed on the number concentration and size distribution of cured layer after wind erosion were investigated.The optimal dust suppressant formulation was guar gum at a mass concentration of 0.7% and Triton X-100 at 0.1%.It indicates that a protective layer with a certain thickness and strength is formed on the coal surface after the spraying of suppressant,and the hardness can reach 61.43 after 10 days.The solidified layer can resist the erosion of 15 m/s wind speed,and is enough to cope with the windy weather in the north.Furthermore,the number concentration decreases to 3.69×105 cm-3,the peak of particulate number concentration appears at about 0. 85 μm. The removal efficiency of particulate matter in low size segment increases from30. 1% to 94.4%,and the inhibition efficiency of fine particles with a diameter of about 0.1 μm increases by 64%.The results show that the suppressant has an obvious effect on restraining fine particle.And it is an easily available,environmental-friendly and high-efficiency dust suppressant for lignite mines.
To reduce the fine particles in lignite mine and avoid serious harm to human health,production safety and the atmosphere,four poly monomers were selected.Through the attenuation of crust hardness and anti-rain erosion experiment,guar gum was ascertained to be a monomer with excellent properties.Through the surface tension and contact angle experiments,Tween-20,Triton X-100,sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were compared to determine which one has the best wetting property for lignite particles.Nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 was found to be the best.A crust type of lignite dust suppressant was developed by modifying guar gum with nonionic surfactant Triton X-100.The effects of monomer concentration and wind speed on the number concentration and size distribution of cured layer after wind erosion were investigated.The optimal dust suppressant formulation was guar gum at a mass concentration of 0.7% and Triton X-100 at 0.1%.It indicates that a protective layer with a certain thickness and strength is formed on the coal surface after the spraying of suppressant,and the hardness can reach 61.43 after 10 days.The solidified layer can resist the erosion of 15 m/s wind speed,and is enough to cope with the windy weather in the north.Furthermore,the number concentration decreases to 3.69×105 cm-3,the peak of particulate number concentration appears at about 0. 85 μm. The removal efficiency of particulate matter in low size segment increases from30. 1% to 94.4%,and the inhibition efficiency of fine particles with a diameter of about 0.1 μm increases by 64%.The results show that the suppressant has an obvious effect on restraining fine particle.And it is an easily available,environmental-friendly and high-efficiency dust suppressant for lignite mines.
引文
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[21] YANG J,WU X K,GAO J G,et al.Surface characteristics and wetting mechanism of respirable coal dust[J]. Mining Science and Technology,2010,20(3):365-371.
[2] XU D Q,Zhang W L. Monitoring of pollution of air fine particles(PM2.5)and study on their genetic toxicity[J]. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences,2004,17(4):452-458.
[3] ZHOU M,QIAO L N,ZHU S H,et al. Chemical characteristics of fine particles and their impact on visibility impairment in Shanghai based on a 1-year period observation[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,48(10):151-160.
[4]环境保护部.关于发布《钢铁烧结、球团工业大气污染物排放标准》等20项国家污染物排放标准修改单的公告[EB/OL].2017-6-13. http://www. mep. gov. cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201706/W020170615549538261241.pdf.
[5]葛少成,康卓伟,荆德吉,等.新型高分子抑尘剂的性能实验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(10):56-61.GE Shaocheng,KANG Zhuowei,JING Deji,et al.Experimental study on performance of a new type macromolecule dust suppressant[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(10):56-61.
[6]李成,朱逢豪,付兴民,等.关于抑尘剂开发及其存在主要问题的探讨[J].环境工程,2013,31(S1):360-362.LI Cheng,ZHU Fenghao,FU Xingmin,et al. Research into development of dust depressor and major problems existing in this paper[J].Environmental Engineering,2013,31(S1):360-362.
[7] XI Z L,FENG Z Y,LI A.Synergistic coal dust control using aqueous solutions of thermoplastic powder and anionic surfactant[J].Colloids and Surfaces,2017,520:864-871.
[8] MIGUEL A M,CARLA M L,ROCHEL M L. Use of glycerol byproduct of biodiesel to produce an efficient dust suppressant[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,180:364-369.
[9]罗瑞冬,林木松,罗运柏,等.新型煤尘抑尘剂的制备及特性[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(S2):454-459.LUO Ruidong,LIN Musong,LUO Yunbo,et al.Preparetion and properties of a new type of coal dust suppressant[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(S2):454-459.
[10] SCHWENDEMAN J L,SALYER I O,SUN S,et al.Polymer-augmented aqueous foams for suppression of respirable coal dust[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2010,200(1):765-783.
[11] TANG H H,ZHAO L H,SUN W,et al.Surface characteristics and wettability enhancement of respirable sintering dust by nonionic surfactant[J].Colloids and Surfaces A,2016,509:323-333.
[12]俞乔尼,张越,杨帆,等.褐煤氧化前后的特性分析[J].化工进展,2017,36:175-179.YU Qiaoni,ZHANG Yue,YANG Fan,et al. Characteristic analysis for the lignite before and after oxidized[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2017,36:175-179.
[13]秦鹏珍,赵汀,周凤英,等.蒙东区褐煤资源分布及其开发利用战略研究[J].中国矿业,2017,26(10):70-75.QIN Pengzhen,ZHAO Ting,ZHOU Fengying,et al. Study on the distribution and development strategy of lignite resources in eastern inner Mongolia district[J]. China Mining Magazine,2017,26(10):70-75.
[14]刘玉生,苏立红,郭建英,等.散料表层渗透固化机理及技术应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(S1):125-130.LIU Yusheng,SU Lihong,GUO Jianying,et al.Research of mechanism of bulk coal surface layer permeation solidification and its technology application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S1):125-130.
[15]曾康生,胡乃联,程卫民,等.综放工作面湿润剂喷雾降尘机理及高效降尘湿润剂的试验[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(2):1675-1680.ZENG Kangsheng,HU Nailian,CHENG Weimin,et al. Dedusting mechanism by water-colud of wetting agents and the revevant tests for fully-mechanized and roof caving coal face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(2):1675-1680.
[16]肖进新,赵振国.表面活性剂应用原理(第二版)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.
[17]杨静,谭允祯,王振华,等.煤尘表面特性及润湿机理的研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(7):737-740.YANG Jing,TAN Yunzhen,WANG Zhenhua,et al. Study on the coal dust surface characteristics and wetting mechanism[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(7):737-740.
[18]陈宗淇,王光信,徐桂英.胶体与界面化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[19]吴超.化学抑尘[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2003.
[20]金龙哲,杨继星,欧盛南.润湿型化学抑尘剂的试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(6):109-112.JIN Longzhe,YANG Jixing,OU Shengnan. Experimental study of wetting chemical dust-depressor[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(6):109-112.
[21] YANG J,WU X K,GAO J G,et al.Surface characteristics and wetting mechanism of respirable coal dust[J]. Mining Science and Technology,2010,20(3):365-371.