河北省煤系天然气资源及其成藏作用
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摘要
为摸清河北省煤系天然气资源潜力,揭示其耦合成藏作用,采用等温吸附、TOC含量测试、X衍射、岩石热解、高压压汞、液氮吸附、显微组分镜鉴、脉冲渗透率等试验测试,对源-储地化和物性特征进行研究,结合各赋煤构造区煤系沉积-构造演化史,进行煤系天然气资源评价并揭示其成藏作用。结果显示:河北省煤系天然气资源丰富,煤层气资源量39 015×108m3,页岩气资源量33 447×108m3,致密砂岩气资源量24 000×108m3,石炭二叠系占绝对优势;烃源岩有机质以Ⅲ型为主,成熟度Ro介于0.5%~3.0%,以成熟—过成熟阶段为主;煤对煤系天然气藏起决定作用,富有机质泥页岩起关键作用,泥页岩的厚度优势弥补了有机质"欠缺";煤系储层连通性较好,属低孔低渗型,二次生烃作用是煤系天然气成藏的关键;共生调节机制煤层气表现为层间调节,页岩气为层内调节,砂岩气为协调调节;基于共生调节机制和空间叠置关系,将煤系天然气藏分为"远源"致密砂岩气藏、"自源"页岩气/煤层气藏和"自源+他源"叠合气藏3类,后者包括3种成藏模式。
In order to find out the potential of the unconventional gas resources in coal measure and reveal its effect of coupling reservoir in Hebei Province,the geochemical and physical characteristics of coal measure reservoir were investigated by adsorption isotherm experiment,total organic( TOC) measurement,X-ray diffraction experiment,RockEval experiment,high-pressure mercury intrusion experiment,low temperature N2 adsorption experiment,macerals identification and pulse permeability,et al. The unconventional gas resources in coal measure were evaluated and its reservoir formation was revealed combining with the evolution history of coal measure sedimentation-tectonic. The results show that the unconventional gas in coal measure is abundant in Hebei Province,with 39 015 × 108m3 coalbed methane( CBM),33 447×108m3shale gas and 24 000×108m3tight sandstone gas,which is dominated by the PermoCarboniferous.The organic types are mainly type Ⅲ,and the Robetween 0.5% to 3.0%,which are mainly at the mature to over mature stage.Coal plays a decisive role and organic-rich mud-shale plays a key role on coal measure reservoir,while the thickness of the mud-shale makes up the deficiency of organic matter.The connectivity of coal measure reservoir is good and overall is low porosity and permeability,the second hydrocarbon-generation is the key to coal measurereservoir.In terms of symbiotic regulation mechanism,CBM behaves as a layer adjustment,shale gas behaves as a layer of regulation and tight sandstone gas behaves as a coordination adjustment.Three types of coal measure reservoirs were distinguished by symbiotic regulation mechanism and spatial overlap,including the "far-source"tight sandstone gas reservoir,the "self-source"shale gas / CBM reservoir and the "self-source and other-source"superimposed gas reservoir,three patterns were introduced to clarify the characteristics of the latter type reservoir.
In order to find out the potential of the unconventional gas resources in coal measure and reveal its effect of coupling reservoir in Hebei Province,the geochemical and physical characteristics of coal measure reservoir were investigated by adsorption isotherm experiment,total organic( TOC) measurement,X-ray diffraction experiment,RockEval experiment,high-pressure mercury intrusion experiment,low temperature N2 adsorption experiment,macerals identification and pulse permeability,et al. The unconventional gas resources in coal measure were evaluated and its reservoir formation was revealed combining with the evolution history of coal measure sedimentation-tectonic. The results show that the unconventional gas in coal measure is abundant in Hebei Province,with 39 015 × 108m3 coalbed methane( CBM),33 447×108m3shale gas and 24 000×108m3tight sandstone gas,which is dominated by the PermoCarboniferous.The organic types are mainly type Ⅲ,and the Robetween 0.5% to 3.0%,which are mainly at the mature to over mature stage.Coal plays a decisive role and organic-rich mud-shale plays a key role on coal measure reservoir,while the thickness of the mud-shale makes up the deficiency of organic matter.The connectivity of coal measure reservoir is good and overall is low porosity and permeability,the second hydrocarbon-generation is the key to coal measurereservoir.In terms of symbiotic regulation mechanism,CBM behaves as a layer adjustment,shale gas behaves as a layer of regulation and tight sandstone gas behaves as a coordination adjustment.Three types of coal measure reservoirs were distinguished by symbiotic regulation mechanism and spatial overlap,including the "far-source"tight sandstone gas reservoir,the "self-source"shale gas / CBM reservoir and the "self-source and other-source"superimposed gas reservoir,three patterns were introduced to clarify the characteristics of the latter type reservoir.
引文
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[12]张建博,王红岩,刘洪林,等.中国煤层气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:128-132.
[13]张松航,梁宏斌,唐书恒,等.冀中坳陷东北部石炭—二叠系烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟[J].高校地质学报,2014,20(3):454-463.Zhang Songhang,Liang Hongbin,Tang Shuheng,et al.Simulation of the thermal and maturity history of Carboniferous-Permian source rock in the Northeast of Jizhong depression[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2014,20(3):454-463.
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[15]杨国华,吴肇亮,徐伟民,等.不同类型干酪根热解生烃动力学研究[J].石油大学学报,1990,14(2):74-84.Yang Guohua,Wu Zhaoliang,Xu Weimin,et al.Study on kinetics of hydrocarbon-forming pyrolysis of different kinds of kerogens[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,1990,14(2):74-84.
[16]戴金星.我国煤系的气油地球化学特征、煤成气藏形成条件及资源评价[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:30-42.
[17]毛榕,米敬奎,张水昌,等.不同煤系烃源岩生烃特征的黄金管热模拟实验对比研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(6):1127-1134.Mao Rong,Mi Jingkui,Zhang Shuichang,et al.Study on the hydrocarbon generation characteristics of different coaly source rocks by gold-tube pyrolysis experiments[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(6):1127-1134.
[18]Ross D J K,Bustin R M.Characterizing the shale resource potential of Devonian-Mississipi-an strata in the Western Canada sedimentary basin,application of an integrated formation evaluation[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(1):87-125.
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[20]朱炎铭,秦勇,范炳恒,等.武清凹陷石炭—二叠系烃源岩的二次生烃评价[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(1):77-84.Zhu Yanming,Qin Yong,Fan Bingheng,et al.Evaluation of the second hydrocarbon-generation of the permo-carboniferous source rocks in Wuqing depression[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(1):77-84.
[21]陈武珍,陈红汉,李文涛,等.临清坳陷东部石炭—二叠系二次生烃差异性研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):179-188.Chen Wuzhen,Chen Honghan,Li Wentao,et al.Study on differentiation of secondary hydrocarbon generation for the carboniferous-permian source rocks in the eastern Linqing depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(1):179-188.
[22]秦勇,梁建设,申建,等.沁水盆地南部致密砂岩和页岩的气测显示与气藏类型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1559-1565.Qin Yong,Liang Jianshe,Shen Jian,et al.Gas logging shows and gas reservoir types in tight sandstones and shales from Southern Qinshui basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1559-1565.
[23]李伟,赵文智,牛嘉玉,等.吐哈盆地煤系地层中烃类的独特运聚风格初探[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):8-12.Li Wei,Zhao Wenzhi,Niu Jiayu,et al.A study on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in coal measures of Turpan-hami Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):8-12.
[2]秦建中,李志明,张志荣.不同类型煤系烃源岩对油气藏形成的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):131-137.Qin Jianzhong,Li Zhiming,Zhang Zhirong.Contribution of various coal measures source rocks to oil and gas reservoir formation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(4):131-137.
[3]曹代勇,姚征,李靖.煤系非常规天然气评价研究现状与发展趋势[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(1):89-93.Cao Daiyong,Yao Zheng,Li Jing.Evaluation status and development trend of unconventional gas in coal measure[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(1):89-93.
[4]张军,秦勇,赵本肖,等.河北省煤层气资源及其开发潜力[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009.
[5]张路锁.河北省煤田构造格局与构造控煤作用研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
[6]张军.河北省煤炭资源有效供给能力分析[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(4):1-4.Zhang Jun.An analysis of effective supply capability of coal resources in Hebei Province[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(4):1-4.
[7]杨森丛.河北煤炭资源勘查及开发现状[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(4):5-9.Yang Sencong.Coal resources exploration and exploitation status quo in Hebei Province[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(4):5-9.
[8]王桂梁,琚宜文,郑孟林,等.中国北部能源盆地构造[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007:12-25.
[9]马洪,王循,李欣,等.渤海湾盆地深层致密砂岩气勘探潜力浅析[J].山东科技大学学报,2012,31(5):63-70.Ma Hong,Wang Xun,Li Xin,et al.Analysis of exploration potential about tight sandstone gas in deep zone of Bohai bay basin[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology,2012,31(5):63-70.
[10]赵彦超,吴春萍,吴东平.致密砂岩气层的测井评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地山西组一段气田为例[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):65-70.Zhao Yanchao,Wu Chunping,Wu Dongping.Logging evaluation to tight sandstone:a case study from the first member Shanxi Formation in Daniudi gas pool,Ordos Basin,China[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2003,22(4):65-70.
[11]梁宏斌,林玉祥,钱铮,等.沁水盆地南部煤系地层吸附气与游离气共生成藏研究[J].中国石油勘探,2011(2):72-78.Liang Hongbin,Lin Yuxiang,Qian Zheng,et al.Study on coexistence of absorbed and free gases in coal strata of southern Qinshui Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011(2):72-78.
[12]张建博,王红岩,刘洪林,等.中国煤层气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:128-132.
[13]张松航,梁宏斌,唐书恒,等.冀中坳陷东北部石炭—二叠系烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟[J].高校地质学报,2014,20(3):454-463.Zhang Songhang,Liang Hongbin,Tang Shuheng,et al.Simulation of the thermal and maturity history of Carboniferous-Permian source rock in the Northeast of Jizhong depression[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2014,20(3):454-463.
[14]陈建平,赵长毅,何忠华.煤系有机质生烃潜力评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(1):1-5.Chen Jianping,Zhao Changyi,He Zhonghua.Criteria for evaluating the hydrocarbon generating potential of organic matter in coal measures[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1997,24(1):1-5.
[15]杨国华,吴肇亮,徐伟民,等.不同类型干酪根热解生烃动力学研究[J].石油大学学报,1990,14(2):74-84.Yang Guohua,Wu Zhaoliang,Xu Weimin,et al.Study on kinetics of hydrocarbon-forming pyrolysis of different kinds of kerogens[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,1990,14(2):74-84.
[16]戴金星.我国煤系的气油地球化学特征、煤成气藏形成条件及资源评价[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:30-42.
[17]毛榕,米敬奎,张水昌,等.不同煤系烃源岩生烃特征的黄金管热模拟实验对比研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(6):1127-1134.Mao Rong,Mi Jingkui,Zhang Shuichang,et al.Study on the hydrocarbon generation characteristics of different coaly source rocks by gold-tube pyrolysis experiments[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(6):1127-1134.
[18]Ross D J K,Bustin R M.Characterizing the shale resource potential of Devonian-Mississipi-an strata in the Western Canada sedimentary basin,application of an integrated formation evaluation[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(1):87-125.
[19]Curtis J B.Fractured shale-gas system[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[20]朱炎铭,秦勇,范炳恒,等.武清凹陷石炭—二叠系烃源岩的二次生烃评价[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(1):77-84.Zhu Yanming,Qin Yong,Fan Bingheng,et al.Evaluation of the second hydrocarbon-generation of the permo-carboniferous source rocks in Wuqing depression[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(1):77-84.
[21]陈武珍,陈红汉,李文涛,等.临清坳陷东部石炭—二叠系二次生烃差异性研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):179-188.Chen Wuzhen,Chen Honghan,Li Wentao,et al.Study on differentiation of secondary hydrocarbon generation for the carboniferous-permian source rocks in the eastern Linqing depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(1):179-188.
[22]秦勇,梁建设,申建,等.沁水盆地南部致密砂岩和页岩的气测显示与气藏类型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1559-1565.Qin Yong,Liang Jianshe,Shen Jian,et al.Gas logging shows and gas reservoir types in tight sandstones and shales from Southern Qinshui basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1559-1565.
[23]李伟,赵文智,牛嘉玉,等.吐哈盆地煤系地层中烃类的独特运聚风格初探[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):8-12.Li Wei,Zhao Wenzhi,Niu Jiayu,et al.A study on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in coal measures of Turpan-hami Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):8-12.