断陷湖盆致密砂砾岩储层成岩作用及其对孔隙演化的影响
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摘要
为了明确松辽盆地北部徐家围子地区沙河子组致密砂砾岩储层成岩作用对孔隙演化的影响,通过普通薄片鉴定、铸体薄片观察、扫描电镜和X-衍射测试方法,在砂砾岩储层岩石学与成岩作用分析的基础上,建立了砂砾岩成岩作用与孔隙演化的定量关系模式。结果表明,沙河子组砂砾岩储层的岩石成分复杂、成熟度低、物性差;砂砾岩储层的成岩作用类型丰富,压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用较为常见,对孔隙度影响较大;破裂作用、交代作用和重结晶作用对储层孔隙度影响较小。通过成岩作用与储层孔隙度关系的定量研究,认为压实作用对孔隙度破坏最大,平均减孔24.7%,是砂砾岩储层致密的主要原因;溶蚀作用改善储集性能,平均增孔4.2%,延缓了砂砾岩储层的致密化过程;胶结作用充填残余粒间孔隙,平均减孔5.3%,是砂砾岩储层致密的关键。砂砾岩储层的现今孔隙度是早期压实、中期溶蚀和晚期胶结综合作用的结果。
The petrography and diagenesis of sandy conglomerate reservoirs from the Shahezi Formation of the Xujiaweizi area in the Songliao Basin were studied,and the controls of diagenesis on porosity evolution were analyzed based on thin section identification,cast thin section observation,SEM and X-ray diffraction. A quantitative model was established. The results showed that the sandy conglomerate reservoirs in the Shahezi Formation are characterized by complex components,low maturity and poor physical properties. Various diagenetic effects took place in the sandy conglomerate reservoirs,among which the compaction,cementation and dissolution effects are very common and obviously influence porosity,while fracturing,metasomatism and recrystallization effects have little control on porosity. The quantitative evaluation of the relationship between diagenesis and reservoir porosity showed that compaction greatly reduced porosity,by 24.7% in average,which was the main reason for reservoir densification. Dissolution increased porosity by 4. 2% in average,which delayed the densification process. Cementation filled residual intergranular pores,reducing porosity by 5.3% in average,which was also a key factor for reservoir densification. The porosity of sandy conglomerate reservoirs is the comprehensive result of early compaction,medium erosion and late cementation.
The petrography and diagenesis of sandy conglomerate reservoirs from the Shahezi Formation of the Xujiaweizi area in the Songliao Basin were studied,and the controls of diagenesis on porosity evolution were analyzed based on thin section identification,cast thin section observation,SEM and X-ray diffraction. A quantitative model was established. The results showed that the sandy conglomerate reservoirs in the Shahezi Formation are characterized by complex components,low maturity and poor physical properties. Various diagenetic effects took place in the sandy conglomerate reservoirs,among which the compaction,cementation and dissolution effects are very common and obviously influence porosity,while fracturing,metasomatism and recrystallization effects have little control on porosity. The quantitative evaluation of the relationship between diagenesis and reservoir porosity showed that compaction greatly reduced porosity,by 24.7% in average,which was the main reason for reservoir densification. Dissolution increased porosity by 4. 2% in average,which delayed the densification process. Cementation filled residual intergranular pores,reducing porosity by 5.3% in average,which was also a key factor for reservoir densification. The porosity of sandy conglomerate reservoirs is the comprehensive result of early compaction,medium erosion and late cementation.
引文
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[10]周勇,纪友亮,张善文,等.胶莱盆地莱阳凹陷莱阳组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2013,43(2):340-350.ZHOU Yong,JI Youliang,ZHANG Shanwen,et al. Diagenetic and pore space evolution:a case study from the Cretaceous Jiaolai Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2013,43(2):340-350.
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[14]张琴,朱筱敏,刘畅,等.周口坳陷谭庄凹陷下白垩统低孔低渗碎屑岩储层特征及成因分析[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(4):44-49.ZHANG Qin,ZHU Xiaomin,LIU Chang,et al. Characteristics and genesis of clastic reservoir with low porosity and low permeability of Lower Cretaceous in Tanzhuang Sag[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(4):44-49.
[15]鲁新川,张顺存,蔡冬梅,等.准噶尔盆地车拐地区三叠系成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,2012,30(6):1123-1129.LU Xinchuan,ZHANG Shuncun,CAI Dongmei,et al.Diagenesis and pore evolution of the Triassic reservoirs in Cheguai area,northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(6):1123-1129.
[16]郭小波,黄志龙,王伟明,等.台北凹陷温吉桑地区致密砂岩储层特征及其控制因素[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(1):157-166.GUO Xiaobo,HUANG Zhilong,WANG Weiming,et al. Characteristics and control factors of Wenjisang area tight sandstone reservoirs in Taibei Sag[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(1):157-166.
[17]殷进垠,刘和甫,迟海江.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷构造演化[J].石油学报,2002,23(2):26-29.YIN Jinyin,LIU Hefu,CHI Haijiang.Evolution and gas-accumulation of Xujiaweizi Depression in Songliao Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(2):26-29.
[18]贾晨.徐家围子断陷构造特征研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2013.JIA Chen. Research on structural feature in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2013.
[19]孟元林,胡安文,乔德武,等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层区域成岩规律和成岩作用对致密储层含气性的控制[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):325-334.MENG Yuanlin,HU Anwen,QIAO Dewu,et al.Regional diagenetic law and control of diagenesis over gas-bearing capacity of tight reservoirs in deep Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):325-334.
[20]熊绍云,黄羚,程刚,等.北部湾盆地福山凹陷花东—白莲北部地区流三段砂岩储层致密成因[J].地质学报,2013,87(10):1624-1633.XIONG Shaoyun,HUANG Ling,CHENG Gang,et al. Origin mechanism of tightness from the third members of Liushagang Formation sandstone reservoir in the northern Huadong-Bailian area,Fushan Sag,Northern Bay Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(10):1624-1633.
[21] LE D H,HOANG H N,MAHADEVAN J,et al. Gas recovery from tight sands:impact of capillarity[J]. SPE Journal,2012,17(4):981-991.
[22] SURDAM R C,CROSSEY L J,HAGAN E S,et al.Organic-inorganic interactions and sandstone diagenesis[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):1-23.
[23]吕成福,李晓燕,陈国俊,等.酒东坳陷下白垩统砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物特征与储层物性[J].沉积学报,2011,29(6):1138-1144.LV Chengfu,LI Xiaoyan,CHEN Guojun,et al.Characteristics of carbonate cements and reservoir quality of the Lower Cretaceous sandstone in Jiudong Sag[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(6):1138-1144.
[24]孙致学,孙治雷,鲁洪江,等.砂岩储集层中碳酸盐胶结物特征:以鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):543-551.SUN Zhixue,SUN Zhilei,LU Hongjiang,et al.Characteristics of carbonate cements in sandstone reservoirs:a case from Yanchang Formation,middle and southern Ordos Basin,China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):543-551.
[2]张大智,张晓东,杨步增.徐家围子断陷沙河子组致密气地质甜点综合评价[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):98-103.ZHANG Dazhi,ZHANG Xiaodong,YANG Buzeng.Comprehensive evaluation of geological sweet point of tight gas of Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(5):98-103.
[3]冯子辉,印长海,陆加敏,等.致密砂砾岩气形成主控因素与富集规律:以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):650-656.FENG Zihui,YIN Changhai,LU Jiamin,et al.Formation and accumulation of tight sandy conglomerate gas:a case from the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation of Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):650-656.
[4]张常久.徐家围子断陷沙河子组砂砾岩储层特征及主控因素[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(2):22-26ZHANG Changjiu. Characteristics and main controlling factors for the glutenite reservoir of Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(2):22-26.
[5]张晓东,于晶,张大智,等.徐家围子断陷沙河子组致密气成藏条件及勘探前景[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):86-91.ZHANG Xiaodong,YU Jing,ZHANG Dazhi,et al.Accumulating conditions and exploration prospects for Shahezi Formation tight sandstone gas in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(5):86-91.
[6]张尔华,姜传金,张元高,等.徐家围子断陷深层结构形成与演化的探讨[J].岩石学报,2010,26(1):149-157.ZHANG Erhua,JIANG Chuanjin,ZHANG Yuangao,et al. Study on the formation and evolution of deep structure of Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2010,26(1):149-157.
[7]刘洋.徐家围子断陷沙河子组储层特征研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2013.LIU Yang.Research on reservoir characteristics of Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi Depression[D]. Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2013.
[8]王民,孙业峰,王文广,等.松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷深层烃源岩生气特征及天然气资源潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(7):1011-1018.WANG Min,SUN Yefeng,WANG Wenguang,et al.Gas generation characteristics and resource potential of the deep source rock in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,northern Songliao Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(7):1011-1018.
[9]陈波,王子天,康莉,等.准噶尔盆地玛北地区三叠系百口泉组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(1):23-35.CHEN Bo,WANG Zitian,KANG Li,et al. Diagenesis and pore evolution of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei region,Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(1):23-35.
[10]周勇,纪友亮,张善文,等.胶莱盆地莱阳凹陷莱阳组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2013,43(2):340-350.ZHOU Yong,JI Youliang,ZHANG Shanwen,et al. Diagenetic and pore space evolution:a case study from the Cretaceous Jiaolai Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2013,43(2):340-350.
[11] MORAD S,AL-RAMADAN K,KETZER J M,et al.The impact of diagenesis on the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs:a review of the role of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1267-1309.
[12] SCHERER M.Parameters influencing porosity in sandstones:a model for sandstone porosity prediction[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(12):1508.
[13]于波,崔智林,刘学刚,等.西峰油田长8储层砂岩成岩作用及对孔隙影响[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(3):405-410.YU Bo,CUI Zhilin,LIU Xuegang,et al.The Diagenesis of Chang-8reservoir sandstone and its effect on porosity in Xifeng Oilfield[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2008,38(3):405-410.
[14]张琴,朱筱敏,刘畅,等.周口坳陷谭庄凹陷下白垩统低孔低渗碎屑岩储层特征及成因分析[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(4):44-49.ZHANG Qin,ZHU Xiaomin,LIU Chang,et al. Characteristics and genesis of clastic reservoir with low porosity and low permeability of Lower Cretaceous in Tanzhuang Sag[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(4):44-49.
[15]鲁新川,张顺存,蔡冬梅,等.准噶尔盆地车拐地区三叠系成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,2012,30(6):1123-1129.LU Xinchuan,ZHANG Shuncun,CAI Dongmei,et al.Diagenesis and pore evolution of the Triassic reservoirs in Cheguai area,northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(6):1123-1129.
[16]郭小波,黄志龙,王伟明,等.台北凹陷温吉桑地区致密砂岩储层特征及其控制因素[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(1):157-166.GUO Xiaobo,HUANG Zhilong,WANG Weiming,et al. Characteristics and control factors of Wenjisang area tight sandstone reservoirs in Taibei Sag[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(1):157-166.
[17]殷进垠,刘和甫,迟海江.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷构造演化[J].石油学报,2002,23(2):26-29.YIN Jinyin,LIU Hefu,CHI Haijiang.Evolution and gas-accumulation of Xujiaweizi Depression in Songliao Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(2):26-29.
[18]贾晨.徐家围子断陷构造特征研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2013.JIA Chen. Research on structural feature in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2013.
[19]孟元林,胡安文,乔德武,等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层区域成岩规律和成岩作用对致密储层含气性的控制[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):325-334.MENG Yuanlin,HU Anwen,QIAO Dewu,et al.Regional diagenetic law and control of diagenesis over gas-bearing capacity of tight reservoirs in deep Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):325-334.
[20]熊绍云,黄羚,程刚,等.北部湾盆地福山凹陷花东—白莲北部地区流三段砂岩储层致密成因[J].地质学报,2013,87(10):1624-1633.XIONG Shaoyun,HUANG Ling,CHENG Gang,et al. Origin mechanism of tightness from the third members of Liushagang Formation sandstone reservoir in the northern Huadong-Bailian area,Fushan Sag,Northern Bay Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(10):1624-1633.
[21] LE D H,HOANG H N,MAHADEVAN J,et al. Gas recovery from tight sands:impact of capillarity[J]. SPE Journal,2012,17(4):981-991.
[22] SURDAM R C,CROSSEY L J,HAGAN E S,et al.Organic-inorganic interactions and sandstone diagenesis[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):1-23.
[23]吕成福,李晓燕,陈国俊,等.酒东坳陷下白垩统砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物特征与储层物性[J].沉积学报,2011,29(6):1138-1144.LV Chengfu,LI Xiaoyan,CHEN Guojun,et al.Characteristics of carbonate cements and reservoir quality of the Lower Cretaceous sandstone in Jiudong Sag[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(6):1138-1144.
[24]孙致学,孙治雷,鲁洪江,等.砂岩储集层中碳酸盐胶结物特征:以鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):543-551.SUN Zhixue,SUN Zhilei,LU Hongjiang,et al.Characteristics of carbonate cements in sandstone reservoirs:a case from Yanchang Formation,middle and southern Ordos Basin,China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):543-551.