市场化与中国代际收入流动
|
摘要
收入流动反映长期收入差距变迁,代际收入流动更是关乎普通民众阶层跃迁,这是关系经济长期发展与社会长治久安的重要问题。以农业农村部农村固定观察点数据和全国1%人口抽样数据为基础,研究市场化进程对于代际收入流动的影响。研究发现:(1)长期数据显示,我国收入流动性一直在下降,根据不同指标,下降幅度约14%～21%;截面数据研究表明,全国层面的代际收入弹性为0. 66～0. 69,流动性较低,子代收入水平与父代收入水平高度相关。(2)市场化程度对代际收入流动有显著影响,代际流动性的区域差异非常大,市场化程度越高的地区,代际收入流动性越强,阶层固化现象越弱。(3)机制讨论初步表明,市场化通过优化资源配置、活跃市场主体增加就业流动性等渠道提高了代际收入流动性。研究对于全面理解我国跨地区代际收入流动性、社会阶层流动等重要问题具有一定的意义。
Income mobility reflects the change of income disparity in the long run,and intergeneration income mobility affects social class transition which is an important issue related to long-term economic development and social stability. Based on the fixed observation point data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas and the national 1% population sampling data,this paper studies the impact of the marketization process on intergenerational income mobility. We find that:( 1) income mobility has been getting worse in China,and the decline ranged from 14% to 21% according to our measurements; intergenerational income elasticity coefficient is estimated to be about 0. 66-0. 69 based on cross sectional data which shows that high correlation between parent's income level and their children's;( 2) empirical analysis based on provincial level data demonstrates that marketization degree has a significant influence on intergenerational income mobility,the higher the degree of marketization,the stronger the intergenerational income mobility and the weaker the stratum solidification phenomenon;( 3) marketization increases income mobility by improving resource allocation and facilitating labor force mobility. This study has certain significance for comprehensively understanding the intergenerational income mobility and social stratum mobility in China.
Income mobility reflects the change of income disparity in the long run,and intergeneration income mobility affects social class transition which is an important issue related to long-term economic development and social stability. Based on the fixed observation point data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas and the national 1% population sampling data,this paper studies the impact of the marketization process on intergenerational income mobility. We find that:( 1) income mobility has been getting worse in China,and the decline ranged from 14% to 21% according to our measurements; intergenerational income elasticity coefficient is estimated to be about 0. 66-0. 69 based on cross sectional data which shows that high correlation between parent's income level and their children's;( 2) empirical analysis based on provincial level data demonstrates that marketization degree has a significant influence on intergenerational income mobility,the higher the degree of marketization,the stronger the intergenerational income mobility and the weaker the stratum solidification phenomenon;( 3) marketization increases income mobility by improving resource allocation and facilitating labor force mobility. This study has certain significance for comprehensively understanding the intergenerational income mobility and social stratum mobility in China.
引文
[1]Becker Gary S,Nigel Tomes. An Equilibrium Theory of the Distribution of Income and Intergenerational Mobility[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1979,87(6).
[2]Becker Gary S,Nigel Tomes. Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families[J]. Journal of Labor Economics,1986,4(3).
[3]Gary Solon. Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States[J]. American Economic Review,1992,82(3).
[4]Chetty Raj,Nathaniel Hendren,Patrick Kline,Emmanuel Saez.Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,2014,129(4).
[5]王海港.中国居民收入分配的代际流动[J].经济科学,2005(2).
[6]方鸣,应瑞瑶.中国城乡居民的代际收人流动及分解[J].中国人口资源与环境,2010(5).
[7]郭丛斌,闵维方.中国城镇居民教育与收入代际流动的关系研究[J].教育研究,2007(5).
[8]何石军,黄桂田.中国社会的代际收人流动性趋势:2000—2009[J].金融研究,2013(2).
[9]陈琳,袁志刚.当代中国代际流动性的趋势和内在传递机制[J].世界经济,2012(6).
[10]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011.
[11]朱诗娥,杨汝岱,吴比.中国农村收入流动研究:1986-2017年[J].管理世界,2018(10).
[2]Becker Gary S,Nigel Tomes. Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families[J]. Journal of Labor Economics,1986,4(3).
[3]Gary Solon. Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States[J]. American Economic Review,1992,82(3).
[4]Chetty Raj,Nathaniel Hendren,Patrick Kline,Emmanuel Saez.Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,2014,129(4).
[5]王海港.中国居民收入分配的代际流动[J].经济科学,2005(2).
[6]方鸣,应瑞瑶.中国城乡居民的代际收人流动及分解[J].中国人口资源与环境,2010(5).
[7]郭丛斌,闵维方.中国城镇居民教育与收入代际流动的关系研究[J].教育研究,2007(5).
[8]何石军,黄桂田.中国社会的代际收人流动性趋势:2000—2009[J].金融研究,2013(2).
[9]陈琳,袁志刚.当代中国代际流动性的趋势和内在传递机制[J].世界经济,2012(6).
[10]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011.
[11]朱诗娥,杨汝岱,吴比.中国农村收入流动研究:1986-2017年[J].管理世界,2018(10).