基于抛物方程的湍流散射研究
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摘要
在远距离的电磁信号传输过程中,大气散射会对微波传输产生不可忽视的影响。为了定量分析这种影响,从大气湍流的结构出发,在同时考虑湿度以及温度的基础上得到电波波段的湍流大气结构常数,然后基于统计随机理论建立了湍流大气散射模型,采用抛物方程模拟并分析了大气湍流对微波传输的影响。仿真结果表明,大气湍流引起的散射效应在超视距区域才趋于明显;随着传播距离的增加,沿传播方向的场强幅度出现随机的起伏;大气散射效应会随着高度的增加而减弱。
In the process of long-distance electromagnetic signal transmission, atmospheric scattering will have a negligible effect on microwave transmission. In order to analyze this effect quantitatively, the turbulent atmospheric structure constant of the microwave section is obtained on the basis of the structure of atmospheric turbulence, and the humidity and temperature are considered simultaneously. Then the turbulence atmospheric scattering model is established based on the statistical random theory. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the microwave transmission is simulated and analyzed by the parabolic equation. The simulation results show that the scattering effect caused by atmospheric turbulence tends to be obvious in the over the horizon. With the increase of the propagation distance, the amplitude of the field intensity along the propagation direction fluctuates randomly, and the atmospheric scattering effect will weaken with the increase of height.
In the process of long-distance electromagnetic signal transmission, atmospheric scattering will have a negligible effect on microwave transmission. In order to analyze this effect quantitatively, the turbulent atmospheric structure constant of the microwave section is obtained on the basis of the structure of atmospheric turbulence, and the humidity and temperature are considered simultaneously. Then the turbulence atmospheric scattering model is established based on the statistical random theory. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the microwave transmission is simulated and analyzed by the parabolic equation. The simulation results show that the scattering effect caused by atmospheric turbulence tends to be obvious in the over the horizon. With the increase of the propagation distance, the amplitude of the field intensity along the propagation direction fluctuates randomly, and the atmospheric scattering effect will weaken with the increase of height.
引文
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[12] BOURLIER C. Propagation and scattering in a ducting maritime environment from a fast method of moments[C]. International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, 2017: 368-371.
[13] 魏浩, 胡明宝, 艾未华. 微波波段大气折射率结构常数的仿真研究[J]. 气象科学, 2016, 36(5): 667-673.
[14] YANG R, WU Z, LI Y, et al. Model for estimating the atmosphere structure constant at millimeter-wave on earth-space paths[J]. International Journal of Infrared & Millimeter Waves, 2002, 23(11): 1603-1610.
[15] CUCCOLI F, FACHERIS L, TANELLI S, et al. Microwave attenuation measurements in satellite-ground links: the potential of spectral analysis for water vapor profiles retrieval[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing, 2001, 39(3): 645-654.
[16] HITNEY H V. A practical tropospheric scatter model using the parabolic equation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, 1993, 41(7): 905-909.
[17] 耿方志,董丽娟,邓发升.雷达散射截面的矩量法计算[J].光电技术应用,2005(1):30-32,42.
[2] LEONTOVICH M, FOCK V. Solution of the problem of propagation of electromagnetic waves along the earth’s surface by the method of parabolic equation[J]. Journal of Physics USSR, 1946(7):557-573.
[3] 王亚伟,廖成,张东民,等.基于谷歌地球的二维电波传播预测[J].电子测量技术,2018,41(6):40-44.
[4] 徐春燕,詹国伟,青春,等.陆地和近海面大气光学湍流估算与测量[J].强激光与粒子束,2018,30(2):27-31.
[5] 刘兵,王巨胜,杨泽后,等.基于非视线红外激光大气散射通信技术研究[J].激光技术,2014,38(6):854-858.
[6] 戴无惧. 微波通信中大气散射干扰的工程估算[J]. 无线通信技术, 1996(2):7-10.
[7] 孙方, 赵振维, 王红光, 等. 海上湍流效应对大气波导传播的影响[J]. 现代雷达, 2011, 33(2): 13-17.
[8] 温亚萍, 刘丽哲, 赵显超, 等. 一种基于抛物方程的散射传输损耗预测方法[J]. 无线电通信技术, 2014, 40(5): 27-29.
[9] LI L, LIN L K, WU Z S, et al. Study on the maximum calculation height and the maximum propagation angle of the troposcatter wide-angle parabolic equation method[J]. Iet Microwaves Antennas & Propagation, 2016, 10(6): 686-691.
[10] HARDIN R H, TAPPERT F D. Application of the split-step Fourier method to the numerical solution of nonlinear and variable coefficient wave equations[J]. Siam Review, 1973, 15(423): 423.
[11] LEVY M. Parabolic equation methods for electromagnetic wave propagation[J]. IEE Electromagnetic Waves, 2000, 26(1-4): 352.
[12] BOURLIER C. Propagation and scattering in a ducting maritime environment from a fast method of moments[C]. International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, 2017: 368-371.
[13] 魏浩, 胡明宝, 艾未华. 微波波段大气折射率结构常数的仿真研究[J]. 气象科学, 2016, 36(5): 667-673.
[14] YANG R, WU Z, LI Y, et al. Model for estimating the atmosphere structure constant at millimeter-wave on earth-space paths[J]. International Journal of Infrared & Millimeter Waves, 2002, 23(11): 1603-1610.
[15] CUCCOLI F, FACHERIS L, TANELLI S, et al. Microwave attenuation measurements in satellite-ground links: the potential of spectral analysis for water vapor profiles retrieval[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing, 2001, 39(3): 645-654.
[16] HITNEY H V. A practical tropospheric scatter model using the parabolic equation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, 1993, 41(7): 905-909.
[17] 耿方志,董丽娟,邓发升.雷达散射截面的矩量法计算[J].光电技术应用,2005(1):30-32,42.