新式灰度图像盲检测数字水印算法
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摘要
将冗余离散小波(RDWT)与矩阵Schur分解结合,提出了一种新式灰度图像盲检测数字水印算法。该算法将载体图像进行二级RDWT变换提取其逼近子图低频部分,并将分块后的每个块低频系数进行Schur分解,通过修改Schur分解后的上三角矩阵对角线上的最大能量元素完成对经Fibonacci变换加密后的水印图像的嵌入,水印的提取过程实现了盲提取。实验结果表明,该水印算法水印嵌入的时间仅为0.97s,平均提取水印时间为0.211s,与类似盲水印算法相比,不可见性的PSNR值提高了14.12%,抵抗高斯噪声攻击、椒盐噪声攻击和剪切几何攻击的能力也分别提高了21.32%、17.31%和27.83%。
Combining redundant discrete wavelet transform(RDWT)with matrix Schur composition,we propose a new digital watermarking algorithm for gray image blind detection.The algorithm firstly performs secondary RDWT on the carrier image and extracts the low frequency part of the approximate sub-graph.Then Schur decomposition is performed on the low frequency coefficients of each block after blocking procession,and the maximum energy elements on the diagonal of the upper triangular matrix are modified to complete the embedding of the watermark image which is encrypted by the Fibonacci transformation.Therefore,the watermark extraction process can achieve blind extraction.Experimental results show that the watermark embedding time of the proposed watermarking algorithm is only 0.97 s,and the average watermark extraction time is 0.211 s.Compared with similar blind watermarking algorithms,the PSNR value of invisibility is increased by 14.12%,and the resistance to Gaussian noise,salt and pepper noise attack and shear geometric attack by 21.32%,17.31%and 27.83%respectively.
Combining redundant discrete wavelet transform(RDWT)with matrix Schur composition,we propose a new digital watermarking algorithm for gray image blind detection.The algorithm firstly performs secondary RDWT on the carrier image and extracts the low frequency part of the approximate sub-graph.Then Schur decomposition is performed on the low frequency coefficients of each block after blocking procession,and the maximum energy elements on the diagonal of the upper triangular matrix are modified to complete the embedding of the watermark image which is encrypted by the Fibonacci transformation.Therefore,the watermark extraction process can achieve blind extraction.Experimental results show that the watermark embedding time of the proposed watermarking algorithm is only 0.97 s,and the average watermark extraction time is 0.211 s.Compared with similar blind watermarking algorithms,the PSNR value of invisibility is increased by 14.12%,and the resistance to Gaussian noise,salt and pepper noise attack and shear geometric attack by 21.32%,17.31%and 27.83%respectively.
引文
[1]Wu Ya-kun,Di Chun-hong.A survey of digital watermarking techniques[J].Journal of Liaoning University(Natural Science Edition),2010,37(3):202-206.(in Chinese)
[2]Zhang Xiao-qiang,Wang Meng-meng,Zhu Gui-liang.A novel survey on the image watermarking algorithms[J].Computer Engineering&Science,2012,34(4):17-22.(in Chinese)
[3]Wu Lu-shen,Sun De-zhi,Chen Hua-wei.Spatial domain watermarking algorithm based on neural networks and HVS[J].Optical Technology,2016,42(3):203-207.(in Chinese)
[4]Liu Li,Zhou Ya-jian,Zhang Bin,et al.Digital watermarking method for QR code images based on DCT and SVD[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2013,42(S2):304-311.(in Chinese)
[5]Rassem T H,Makbol N M,Khoo B E.Performance evaluation of RDWT-SVD and DWT-SVD watermarking schemes[C]∥Proc of AIP Conference,2016:1-10.
[6]Bajaj A.Robust and reversible digital image watermarking technique based on RDWT-DCT-SVD[C]∥Proc of International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology Research,2015:1-5.
[7]Gaur S,Srivastava V K.Robust embedding of improved Arnold transformed watermark in digital images using RDWT-SVD[C]∥Proc of the 4th International Conference on Parallel,Distributed and Grid Computing,2017:563-568.
[8]Gaur S,Srivastava V K.A RDWT and block-SVD based dual watermarking scheme for digital images[J].International Journal of Advanced Computer Science&Applications,2017,8(4):211-219.
[9]Wang Xiao-hong,Sun Ye-qiang.Region of interest based watermarking algorithm based on QR code and Schur decomposition[J].Journal of Optoelectronic·Laser,2017,28(4):419-426.(in Chinese)
[10]Xiao Zhen-jiu,Li Nan,Wang Yong-bin,et al.The wavelet domain digital watermarking method based on watermark principal components[J].Computer Application and Software,2016,33(11):273-276.(in Chinese)
[11]Hien T D,Nakao Z S,Chen Y W.RDWT domain watermarking based on independent component analysis extraction[C]∥Proc of the 9th Online World Conference on Soft Computing in Industrial Applications(WSC9),2006:401-414.
[12]Su Qing-tang.Research on digital watermarking scheme of digital color image[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[13]Su Qing-tang.Color image digital blind watermarking technology[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[14]Zhu Cong-xu.A novel image encryption scheme based on improved hyperchaotic sequences[J].Optics Communications,2012,285(1):29-37.
[15]Yi Jing-ping,Liu Peng,Guo Xin.Digital watermarking algorithm based on matrix decomposition and chaotic scrambling[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,45(2):50-53.(in Chinese)
[16]Liu Fan,Yang Hong-yong,Su Qing-tang.Color image blind watermarking algorithm based on Schur decomposition[J].Application Research of Computers,2017,34(10):3085-3089.(in Chinese)
[17]Zou Jian-cheng,Ward R K,Qi Dong-xu.A new digital image scrambling method based on Fibonacci numbers[C]∥Proc of the 2014International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2004:965-968.
[18]Wang Xing-yuan,Liu Lin-tao.Cryptanalysis of a parallel sub-image encryption method with high-dimensional chaos[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,2013,73(1-2):795-800.
[19]Bao Lin,Zhang Zhen-kai,Li Yuan-jiang,et al.A robust digital watermarking embedding strategy blind detection based on Tetrolet transform and SVD[J].Computer Engineering&Science,2017,39(3):492-499.(in Chinese)
[20]Xiong Xiang-guang,Wang Li.Improved reference watermarking scheme in DWT-SVD domain[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2014,50(7):75-79.(in Chinese)
[1]吴亚坤,邸春红.数字水印技术综述[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(3):202-206.
[2]张晓强,王蒙蒙,朱贵良.图像水印算法研究新进展[J].计算机工程与科学,2012,34(4):17-22.
[3]吴禄慎,孙德智,陈华伟.基于神经网络和HVS的空域数字水印算法[J].光学技术,2016,42(3):203-207.
[4]刘丽,周亚建,张斌,等.基于DCT和SVD的QR码数字水印算法[J].红外与激光工程,2013,42(S2):304-311.
[9]王晓红,孙业强.基于QR码和Schur分解的感兴趣区域水印算法[J].光电子·激光,2017,28(4):419-426.
[10]肖振久,李南,王永滨,等.基于水印主成分的小波域数字水印方法[J].计算机应用与软件,2016,33(11):273-276.
[12]苏庆堂.基于盲提取的彩色图像数字水印算法的研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2013.
[13]苏庆堂.彩色图像数字盲水印技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2015.
[15]易景平,刘鹏,郭欣.基于矩阵分解和混沌置乱的数字水印算法[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2013,45(2):50-53.
[16]刘凡,杨洪勇,苏庆堂.基于矩阵Schur分解的彩色图像盲水印算法[J].计算机应用研究,2017,34(10):3085-3089.
[19]暴琳,张贞凯,李垣江,等.Tetrolet变换和SVD结合的盲检测稳健数字水印嵌入策略[J].计算机工程与科学,2017,39(3):492-499.
[20]熊祥光,王力.一种改进的DWT-SVD域参考水印方案[J].计算机工程与应用,2014,50(7):75-79.
[2]Zhang Xiao-qiang,Wang Meng-meng,Zhu Gui-liang.A novel survey on the image watermarking algorithms[J].Computer Engineering&Science,2012,34(4):17-22.(in Chinese)
[3]Wu Lu-shen,Sun De-zhi,Chen Hua-wei.Spatial domain watermarking algorithm based on neural networks and HVS[J].Optical Technology,2016,42(3):203-207.(in Chinese)
[4]Liu Li,Zhou Ya-jian,Zhang Bin,et al.Digital watermarking method for QR code images based on DCT and SVD[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2013,42(S2):304-311.(in Chinese)
[5]Rassem T H,Makbol N M,Khoo B E.Performance evaluation of RDWT-SVD and DWT-SVD watermarking schemes[C]∥Proc of AIP Conference,2016:1-10.
[6]Bajaj A.Robust and reversible digital image watermarking technique based on RDWT-DCT-SVD[C]∥Proc of International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology Research,2015:1-5.
[7]Gaur S,Srivastava V K.Robust embedding of improved Arnold transformed watermark in digital images using RDWT-SVD[C]∥Proc of the 4th International Conference on Parallel,Distributed and Grid Computing,2017:563-568.
[8]Gaur S,Srivastava V K.A RDWT and block-SVD based dual watermarking scheme for digital images[J].International Journal of Advanced Computer Science&Applications,2017,8(4):211-219.
[9]Wang Xiao-hong,Sun Ye-qiang.Region of interest based watermarking algorithm based on QR code and Schur decomposition[J].Journal of Optoelectronic·Laser,2017,28(4):419-426.(in Chinese)
[10]Xiao Zhen-jiu,Li Nan,Wang Yong-bin,et al.The wavelet domain digital watermarking method based on watermark principal components[J].Computer Application and Software,2016,33(11):273-276.(in Chinese)
[11]Hien T D,Nakao Z S,Chen Y W.RDWT domain watermarking based on independent component analysis extraction[C]∥Proc of the 9th Online World Conference on Soft Computing in Industrial Applications(WSC9),2006:401-414.
[12]Su Qing-tang.Research on digital watermarking scheme of digital color image[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[13]Su Qing-tang.Color image digital blind watermarking technology[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[14]Zhu Cong-xu.A novel image encryption scheme based on improved hyperchaotic sequences[J].Optics Communications,2012,285(1):29-37.
[15]Yi Jing-ping,Liu Peng,Guo Xin.Digital watermarking algorithm based on matrix decomposition and chaotic scrambling[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,45(2):50-53.(in Chinese)
[16]Liu Fan,Yang Hong-yong,Su Qing-tang.Color image blind watermarking algorithm based on Schur decomposition[J].Application Research of Computers,2017,34(10):3085-3089.(in Chinese)
[17]Zou Jian-cheng,Ward R K,Qi Dong-xu.A new digital image scrambling method based on Fibonacci numbers[C]∥Proc of the 2014International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2004:965-968.
[18]Wang Xing-yuan,Liu Lin-tao.Cryptanalysis of a parallel sub-image encryption method with high-dimensional chaos[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,2013,73(1-2):795-800.
[19]Bao Lin,Zhang Zhen-kai,Li Yuan-jiang,et al.A robust digital watermarking embedding strategy blind detection based on Tetrolet transform and SVD[J].Computer Engineering&Science,2017,39(3):492-499.(in Chinese)
[20]Xiong Xiang-guang,Wang Li.Improved reference watermarking scheme in DWT-SVD domain[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2014,50(7):75-79.(in Chinese)
[1]吴亚坤,邸春红.数字水印技术综述[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(3):202-206.
[2]张晓强,王蒙蒙,朱贵良.图像水印算法研究新进展[J].计算机工程与科学,2012,34(4):17-22.
[3]吴禄慎,孙德智,陈华伟.基于神经网络和HVS的空域数字水印算法[J].光学技术,2016,42(3):203-207.
[4]刘丽,周亚建,张斌,等.基于DCT和SVD的QR码数字水印算法[J].红外与激光工程,2013,42(S2):304-311.
[9]王晓红,孙业强.基于QR码和Schur分解的感兴趣区域水印算法[J].光电子·激光,2017,28(4):419-426.
[10]肖振久,李南,王永滨,等.基于水印主成分的小波域数字水印方法[J].计算机应用与软件,2016,33(11):273-276.
[12]苏庆堂.基于盲提取的彩色图像数字水印算法的研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2013.
[13]苏庆堂.彩色图像数字盲水印技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2015.
[15]易景平,刘鹏,郭欣.基于矩阵分解和混沌置乱的数字水印算法[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2013,45(2):50-53.
[16]刘凡,杨洪勇,苏庆堂.基于矩阵Schur分解的彩色图像盲水印算法[J].计算机应用研究,2017,34(10):3085-3089.
[19]暴琳,张贞凯,李垣江,等.Tetrolet变换和SVD结合的盲检测稳健数字水印嵌入策略[J].计算机工程与科学,2017,39(3):492-499.
[20]熊祥光,王力.一种改进的DWT-SVD域参考水印方案[J].计算机工程与应用,2014,50(7):75-79.