蕉园自走式压穴施肥机设计与试验
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摘要
为实现香蕉根部肥料深施的机械化作业,设计了一种可变位、变深、变量施肥的蕉园自走式压穴施肥机。压穴性能试验结果表明:压头的直径和锥度均对峰值压穴阻力的影响极显著,呈正相关关系,减少锥度能有效降低施肥机作业能耗,构建的多元线性回归模型可用于压穴作业决策;压头的沉降速度对峰值压穴阻力无显著影响,增大沉降速度有利于提高施肥机工作效率。最后,试验研究了外槽轮的螺旋升角和转速对施肥机排肥稳定性的影响,建立了施肥量变异系数的多元回归方程,为变量施肥控制提供了参考。
To realize the mechanized deep-root fertilizing of banana,a self-propelled punching fertilizer applicator for banana plantation with variable position-depth-rate fertilization was developed,The experimental results of punching performance test showed that the diameter and conical degree of punching head had highly significant effect on the peak punching resistance and the relationship between them were positive. Reducing the conical degree can effectively decrease the energy consumption of fertilizer applicator. The multiple linear regression model proposed can be used in the decision making of punching fertilizing. The punching velocity had no significant effect on the peak punching resistance.Increasing the punching velocity is beneficial to improving the work efficiency of fertilizer applicator. The experiment of the effect of the outer groove-wheel helix angle and rotating speed on the fertilizer ejecting stability of fertilizer applicator was carried out. The multiple regression equation of fertilizer amount variation coefficient was modeled,which can provide a reference for the control of variable-rate fertilization.
To realize the mechanized deep-root fertilizing of banana,a self-propelled punching fertilizer applicator for banana plantation with variable position-depth-rate fertilization was developed,The experimental results of punching performance test showed that the diameter and conical degree of punching head had highly significant effect on the peak punching resistance and the relationship between them were positive. Reducing the conical degree can effectively decrease the energy consumption of fertilizer applicator. The multiple linear regression model proposed can be used in the decision making of punching fertilizing. The punching velocity had no significant effect on the peak punching resistance.Increasing the punching velocity is beneficial to improving the work efficiency of fertilizer applicator. The experiment of the effect of the outer groove-wheel helix angle and rotating speed on the fertilizer ejecting stability of fertilizer applicator was carried out. The multiple regression equation of fertilizer amount variation coefficient was modeled,which can provide a reference for the control of variable-rate fertilization.
引文
[1]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[2]马海洋,陈清,石伟琦,等.施用木本泥炭对香蕉产量、品质及蕉园土壤养分的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(1):49-54.
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[13]艾建安,熊瑞权,董丽萍,等. 2015年广东香蕉产业发展形势与对策建议[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(4):11-15.
[14] I Ozturk,Y Yildirim,S Hinislioglu,et al. Optimization of seed flow evenness of fluted rolls used in seed drills by Taguchi method[J]. Scientific Research and Essays,2012,7(1):78-85.
[15] Ibrahim Ethem Guler. Effects of diameter and helical angle of flute on the flow evenness of fluted roller used in seed drills using lentil seed[J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,65(10):14380-14383.
[16] Ibrahim Ethem Guler. Analysis of the Effects of Flute Diameter,Fluted Roll Length and Speed on Sesame Seed Flow Using Minitab[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences,2005,5(3):488-491.
[17] Valentin Dan CRISAN,Victor ROS. Comparative Analysis of Distribution Uniformity on Plain and Inclined Fluted Rollers[J]. Bulletin UASVM Agriculture,2012,69(1):157-162.
[18] D. Karayel a,M Wiesehoff b A Ozmerzi a,et al. Laboratory measurement of seed drill seed spacing and velocity of fall of seeds using high-speed camera system[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,50:89-96.
[2]马海洋,陈清,石伟琦,等.施用木本泥炭对香蕉产量、品质及蕉园土壤养分的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(1):49-54.
[3] Tan H W,Zhou L Q,Xie R L,et al. Attaining high yield and high quality banana production in Guangxi[J]. Better Crops,2004,88(4):22-24.
[4] Memon N,Memon K S,Anwar R,et al. Status and responseto improved NPK fertilization practices in banana[J]. Pakistan Journal of Botany,2010,42(4):2369-2381.
[5]刘永霞,井涛,唐粉玲,等.基于“3414”试验的巴西蕉施肥效应与最佳施肥量[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(11):177-180.
[6]张显努.浅谈香蕉的施肥方法[J].农村实用技术,2002(2):23.
[7]陈永森.喷灌不同施肥量对‘宝岛'香蕉生产效果影响[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(10):6-9.
[8]张江周,张涛,余赟,等.滴灌条件下广西香蕉氮磷钾吸收与分配特性研究[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(12):2250-2255.
[9]马海洋,刘亚男,石伟琦,等.香蕉优化施肥浅析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(3):50-54.
[10] Yao L X,Li G L,Yang B M,et al. Optimal fertilization of banana for high yield,quality and nutrient use efficiency[J]. Better Crops,2009,93(1):10-15.
[11] Guo H C,Ding N,Mahmood T,et al. Responses of soil microbial community to phosphate rock and annual ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)[J]. Pakistan Journal of Botany,2009,41(6):3149-3157.
[12]刘延涛,樊小林,王南南,等.控释配方肥中不同控释养分比例对香蕉产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(8):165-170,177.
[13]艾建安,熊瑞权,董丽萍,等. 2015年广东香蕉产业发展形势与对策建议[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(4):11-15.
[14] I Ozturk,Y Yildirim,S Hinislioglu,et al. Optimization of seed flow evenness of fluted rolls used in seed drills by Taguchi method[J]. Scientific Research and Essays,2012,7(1):78-85.
[15] Ibrahim Ethem Guler. Effects of diameter and helical angle of flute on the flow evenness of fluted roller used in seed drills using lentil seed[J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,65(10):14380-14383.
[16] Ibrahim Ethem Guler. Analysis of the Effects of Flute Diameter,Fluted Roll Length and Speed on Sesame Seed Flow Using Minitab[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences,2005,5(3):488-491.
[17] Valentin Dan CRISAN,Victor ROS. Comparative Analysis of Distribution Uniformity on Plain and Inclined Fluted Rollers[J]. Bulletin UASVM Agriculture,2012,69(1):157-162.
[18] D. Karayel a,M Wiesehoff b A Ozmerzi a,et al. Laboratory measurement of seed drill seed spacing and velocity of fall of seeds using high-speed camera system[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,50:89-96.