政府支持与中国高技术产业研发效率
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摘要
基于2007-2014年中国高技术产业面板数据,本文研究了政府支持与研发效率之间的关系。结果显示,从总体上看,政府支持有利于促进高技术产业研发效率的提高,并且这种促进作用主要是通过提升技术效率来实现的;分地区比较表明,政府支持对高技术产业研发效率的影响存在明显的地区差异:东部地区政府支持对高技术产业研发效率没有显著的促进效应,而中西部地区政府支持则显著促进了高技术产业研发效率的提升,且主要也是通过提升技术效率来实现的。不论是采用静态面板数据模型,还是采用动态面板数据模型进行实证分析,上述结果均成立。基于上述研究结论,本文得出了促进中国高技术产业研发效率提升的相关政策启示。
Based on panel data of high-tech industries in China from 2007 to 2014,this paper explores the relationship between government support and R&D efficiency. The results show that in general government support is conductive to the promotion of R&D efficiency of high-tech industries,and it is realized mainly through the improvement of technical efficiency; Regional comparison reveals that there are obvious regional differences in the impact of government support on R&D efficiency of high-tech industries: the eastern regional government support has no significant promotion effect on the R&D efficiency of high-tech industries,while central & western regional government support significantly improve the R&D efficiency of high-tech industries,and moreover it is also mainly through the improvement of technical efficiency to achieve. No matter using static panel data model or using dynamic panel data model to make empirical analysis,the above results are established. Based on the above conclusions,this paper reaches some relevant policy implications for improving the R&D efficiency of high-tech industries in China.
Based on panel data of high-tech industries in China from 2007 to 2014,this paper explores the relationship between government support and R&D efficiency. The results show that in general government support is conductive to the promotion of R&D efficiency of high-tech industries,and it is realized mainly through the improvement of technical efficiency; Regional comparison reveals that there are obvious regional differences in the impact of government support on R&D efficiency of high-tech industries: the eastern regional government support has no significant promotion effect on the R&D efficiency of high-tech industries,while central & western regional government support significantly improve the R&D efficiency of high-tech industries,and moreover it is also mainly through the improvement of technical efficiency to achieve. No matter using static panel data model or using dynamic panel data model to make empirical analysis,the above results are established. Based on the above conclusions,this paper reaches some relevant policy implications for improving the R&D efficiency of high-tech industries in China.
引文
[1]杨浩昌,李廉水,刘军.高技术产业聚集对技术创新的影响及区域比较[J].科学学研究,2016,34(2):212-219.
[2]郭迎锋,顾炜宇,乌天玥,等.政府资助对企业R&D投入的影响——来自我国大中型工业企业的证据[J].中国软科学,2016,(3):162-174.
[3]郑坚,丁云龙.高技术产业技术创新的边际收益特性及效率分析[J].科学学研究,2008,26(5):1090-1097.
[4]谢子远.高技术产业区域集聚能提高研发效率吗?——基于医药制造业的实证检验[J].科学学研究,2015,33(2):215-224.
[5]肖文,林高榜.政府支持、研发管理与技术创新效率——基于中国工业行业的实证分析[J].管理世界,2014,(4):71-80.
[6] Hu A G. Ownership,government R&D,private R&D,and productivity in Chinese industry[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2001,29(1):136-157.
[7] Kang K N,Park H. Influence of government R&D support and inter-firm collaborations on innovation in Korean biotechnology SMEs[J]. Technovation,2012,32(1):68-78.
[8] Choi S B,Lee S H,Williams C. Ownership and firm innovation in a transition economy:Evidence from China[J]. Research Policy,2011,40(3):441-452.
[9]余泳泽.我国高技术产业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究——基于价值链视角下的两阶段分析[J].经济科学,2009,(4):62-74.
[10]范凌钧,陈燕儿.政府R&D资助对高技术产业技术效率的影响研究[J].运筹与管理,2014,23(4):246-253.
[11] G9rg H,Strobl E. The effect of R&D subsidies on private R&D[J]. Economica,2007,74(294):215-234.
[12] Guan J,Chen K. Measuring the innovation production process:A cross-region empirical study of China’s high-tech innovations[J]. Technovation,2010,30(5):348-358.
[13]白俊红,江可申,李婧.应用随机前沿模型评测中国区域研发创新效率[J].管理世界,2009,(10):51-61.
[14]陈修德,梁彤缨.中国高新技术产业研发效率及其影响因素——基于面板数据SFPF模型的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(8):1198-1205.
[15]刘和东.中国区域研发效率及其影响因素研究——基于随机前沿函数的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2011,29(4):548-556.
[16]韩庆潇,查华超,杨晨.中国制造业集聚对创新效率影响的实证研究——基于动态面板数据的GMM估计[J].财经论丛,2015,(4):3-10.
[17]陈丰龙,徐康宁.本土市场规模与中国制造业全要素生产率[J].中国工业经济,2012,(5):44-56.
[18]韩晶.中国高技术产业创新效率研究——基于SFA方法的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2010,28(3):467-472.
[19]朱有为,徐康宁.中国高技术产业研发效率的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2006,(11):38-45.
[20] Hu A G,Jefferson G H. Returns to research and development in Chinese industry:Evidence from stateowned enterprises in Beijing[J]. China Economic Review,2004,15(1):86-107.
[21]肖仁桥,钱丽,陈忠卫.中国高技术产业创新效率及其影响因素研究[J].管理科学,2012,25(5):85
[22]吴延兵. R&D存量、知识函数与生产效率[J].经济学(季刊),2006,5(4):1129-1156.
[23] Kleer R. Government R&D subsidies as a signal for private investors[J]. Research Policy,2010,39(10):1361-1374.
[24]李廉水,杨浩昌,刘军.我国区域制造业综合发展能力评价研究——基于东、中、西部制造业的实证分析[J].中国软科学,2014,(2):121-129.
[25] Hussinger K. R&D and subsidies at the firm level:An application of parametric and semiparametric two‐step selection models[J]. Journal of Applied Econometrics,2008,23(6):729-747.
(1)由于海南、西藏、青海、宁夏、新疆、香港、澳门、台湾等省级地区高技术产业部分年份数据缺失,因此,上述地区没有包括在本文的研究范围内。
(2)借鉴朱有为和徐康宁[19]的研究,研发价格指数=0. 75*工业品出厂价格指数+0. 25*居民消费价格指数。
(3)借鉴Hu和Jefferson[20]的研究,折旧率取值为15%。
(4)下文中用L. ln Gov表示解释变量ln Gov的滞后一阶。
(5)东部地区包括北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东等10个省级地区;中西部地区包括山西、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃等16个省级地区。
[2]郭迎锋,顾炜宇,乌天玥,等.政府资助对企业R&D投入的影响——来自我国大中型工业企业的证据[J].中国软科学,2016,(3):162-174.
[3]郑坚,丁云龙.高技术产业技术创新的边际收益特性及效率分析[J].科学学研究,2008,26(5):1090-1097.
[4]谢子远.高技术产业区域集聚能提高研发效率吗?——基于医药制造业的实证检验[J].科学学研究,2015,33(2):215-224.
[5]肖文,林高榜.政府支持、研发管理与技术创新效率——基于中国工业行业的实证分析[J].管理世界,2014,(4):71-80.
[6] Hu A G. Ownership,government R&D,private R&D,and productivity in Chinese industry[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2001,29(1):136-157.
[7] Kang K N,Park H. Influence of government R&D support and inter-firm collaborations on innovation in Korean biotechnology SMEs[J]. Technovation,2012,32(1):68-78.
[8] Choi S B,Lee S H,Williams C. Ownership and firm innovation in a transition economy:Evidence from China[J]. Research Policy,2011,40(3):441-452.
[9]余泳泽.我国高技术产业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究——基于价值链视角下的两阶段分析[J].经济科学,2009,(4):62-74.
[10]范凌钧,陈燕儿.政府R&D资助对高技术产业技术效率的影响研究[J].运筹与管理,2014,23(4):246-253.
[11] G9rg H,Strobl E. The effect of R&D subsidies on private R&D[J]. Economica,2007,74(294):215-234.
[12] Guan J,Chen K. Measuring the innovation production process:A cross-region empirical study of China’s high-tech innovations[J]. Technovation,2010,30(5):348-358.
[13]白俊红,江可申,李婧.应用随机前沿模型评测中国区域研发创新效率[J].管理世界,2009,(10):51-61.
[14]陈修德,梁彤缨.中国高新技术产业研发效率及其影响因素——基于面板数据SFPF模型的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(8):1198-1205.
[15]刘和东.中国区域研发效率及其影响因素研究——基于随机前沿函数的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2011,29(4):548-556.
[16]韩庆潇,查华超,杨晨.中国制造业集聚对创新效率影响的实证研究——基于动态面板数据的GMM估计[J].财经论丛,2015,(4):3-10.
[17]陈丰龙,徐康宁.本土市场规模与中国制造业全要素生产率[J].中国工业经济,2012,(5):44-56.
[18]韩晶.中国高技术产业创新效率研究——基于SFA方法的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2010,28(3):467-472.
[19]朱有为,徐康宁.中国高技术产业研发效率的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2006,(11):38-45.
[20] Hu A G,Jefferson G H. Returns to research and development in Chinese industry:Evidence from stateowned enterprises in Beijing[J]. China Economic Review,2004,15(1):86-107.
[21]肖仁桥,钱丽,陈忠卫.中国高技术产业创新效率及其影响因素研究[J].管理科学,2012,25(5):85
[22]吴延兵. R&D存量、知识函数与生产效率[J].经济学(季刊),2006,5(4):1129-1156.
[23] Kleer R. Government R&D subsidies as a signal for private investors[J]. Research Policy,2010,39(10):1361-1374.
[24]李廉水,杨浩昌,刘军.我国区域制造业综合发展能力评价研究——基于东、中、西部制造业的实证分析[J].中国软科学,2014,(2):121-129.
[25] Hussinger K. R&D and subsidies at the firm level:An application of parametric and semiparametric two‐step selection models[J]. Journal of Applied Econometrics,2008,23(6):729-747.
(1)由于海南、西藏、青海、宁夏、新疆、香港、澳门、台湾等省级地区高技术产业部分年份数据缺失,因此,上述地区没有包括在本文的研究范围内。
(2)借鉴朱有为和徐康宁[19]的研究,研发价格指数=0. 75*工业品出厂价格指数+0. 25*居民消费价格指数。
(3)借鉴Hu和Jefferson[20]的研究,折旧率取值为15%。
(4)下文中用L. ln Gov表示解释变量ln Gov的滞后一阶。
(5)东部地区包括北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东等10个省级地区;中西部地区包括山西、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃等16个省级地区。