基于遗传多样性评估燕麦品种的农艺性状
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摘要
为客观评价燕麦种质资源重要农艺性状的遗传多样性,并为黑龙江地区燕麦新品种选育提供关键数据,对51份燕麦种质资源13个农艺性状进行了形态多样性指数分析,并对其中的9个数量性状进行了聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明,各性状的遗传多样性指数均较大,遗传多样性指数最高的是主穗长(1.517),其次为株高(1.448)和主穗粒重(1.414),性状变异系数最大的是主穗小穗数(34.8%),其次为主穗粒重(33.1%)和单株分蘖数(27.4%);聚类分析将51份燕麦品种的9个数量性状分为4大类群,类群Ⅰ为有益性状不明显,为多目标性状育种的亲本材料,类群Ⅱ为选育矮秆育种目标亲本材料,类群Ⅲ为高杆、增加分蘖数育种目标亲本材料,类群Ⅳ为选育大粒型、多轮层数、多小穗数等育种目标亲本材料。主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分对变异的累计贡献率为70.09%,第一主成分反映种子产量,第二主成反映单株分蘖数,第三主成分反映株高。
This research aimed to objectively evaluate the genetic diversity of oat germplasm resources for important agronomic traits,and to provide key data for use in oat breeding programs in the Heilongjiang region.A total of 51 oat germplasm accessions from different sources were planted in Harbin at the High Latitude Grass and Science Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Genetic diversity indices for the various accessions were calculated,and cluster analysis and a principal component(PC)analysis were carried out to investigate patterns of genetic diversity across accessions for agronomic characters.The index of genetic diversity was high for all traits,with the highest being for the length of the main spike(1.517),followed by plant height(1.448)and seed weight of the main spike(1.414).The largest coefficient of trait variation was for spikelet number of the main spike(34.8%),followed by seed weight of the main spike(33.1%),and tiller number per plant(27.4%).Based on cluster analysis,nine quantitative traits could be used to classify plants into four groups.Plants in germplasm group 1,contained no obviously attractive traits,while group II contained the germplasm that could be used as parents of short-stemmed varieties.The germplasm in group III typically had greater stem length and increased tiller number,compared to others.In contrast,the germplasm in group IV was suitable for breeding cultivars with large grain size,multiple panicle and spikelet numbers.According to principle component analysis,the first three main component(seed yield factor,till factor,plant height factor)made the contribution of 70.09%to variation.
This research aimed to objectively evaluate the genetic diversity of oat germplasm resources for important agronomic traits,and to provide key data for use in oat breeding programs in the Heilongjiang region.A total of 51 oat germplasm accessions from different sources were planted in Harbin at the High Latitude Grass and Science Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Genetic diversity indices for the various accessions were calculated,and cluster analysis and a principal component(PC)analysis were carried out to investigate patterns of genetic diversity across accessions for agronomic characters.The index of genetic diversity was high for all traits,with the highest being for the length of the main spike(1.517),followed by plant height(1.448)and seed weight of the main spike(1.414).The largest coefficient of trait variation was for spikelet number of the main spike(34.8%),followed by seed weight of the main spike(33.1%),and tiller number per plant(27.4%).Based on cluster analysis,nine quantitative traits could be used to classify plants into four groups.Plants in germplasm group 1,contained no obviously attractive traits,while group II contained the germplasm that could be used as parents of short-stemmed varieties.The germplasm in group III typically had greater stem length and increased tiller number,compared to others.In contrast,the germplasm in group IV was suitable for breeding cultivars with large grain size,multiple panicle and spikelet numbers.According to principle component analysis,the first three main component(seed yield factor,till factor,plant height factor)made the contribution of 70.09%to variation.
引文
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[4] Narinder P,Jagdeep S,Sandhu,et al.Development and characterization of microsatellite and RFLP-derived PCR markers in oat.Crop Science,2002,42:912-918.
[5] Jin H,Lesfie L,Dormer,et al.Combined AFLP and RFLP mapping in two hexaploid oat recombinant inbred populations.Genome,2000,43:94-101.
[6] Solano R,Hueros G,Fominaya A,et al.Organization of repeated sequences in species of the genus Avena.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,1992,83:602-607.
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[8] Sim S,Chang T,Curley J,et al.Chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the ryegrass genome from the Triticeae,oat,and rice genomes using common heterologous RFLP probes.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2005,110:1011-1019.
[9] Zhao X F,Rong Y P,Zhao L X.The collection and evaluation of oat(Avena sativa)in China.Pratacultural Science,2007,24(3):36-40.赵秀芳,戎郁萍,赵来喜.我国燕麦种质资源的收集和评价.草业科学,2007,24(3):36-40.
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[11] Cai L Y,Song Z P,Xu J,et al.The identification and evaluation of 18germplasm materials of Avena.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2007,7(4):21-26.蔡丽艳,宋志萍,徐静,等.18份燕麦属牧草种质材料的鉴定与评价.中国草地学报,2007,7(4):21-26.
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[13] Liu G,Dai L X,Li D X,et al.The integrated evaluation of productive performance of oat.Prataculture and Animal Husbandry,2007,(7):1-5.刘刚,戴良先,李达旭,等.不同饲用燕麦品种生产性能的综合评价.草业与畜牧,2007,(7):1-5.
[14] Chen G,Li J H,Shi Y J.The relationship between seeding quantity and productive performance of oat(Avena sativa)in alpine pastoral areas.Grassland and Turf,2000,(4):29-31.陈功,李锦华,时永杰.高寒牧区燕麦播种量与生产性能的关系.草原与草坪,2000,(4):29-31.
[15] Zhao Y Y,Zhou X M,Yang C.Production of hybrid F1between Avena magna and Avena nuda and it's identification Chinese.Bulletin of Botany,2003,20(3):302-306.赵云云,周小梅,杨才.四倍体大燕麦×六倍体裸燕麦的杂种F1的产生及鉴定.植物学通报,2003,20(3):302-306.
[16] Zhao G Q,Mu P,Wei L M.Research progress in Avena sativa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2007,16(4):116-125.赵桂琴,慕平,魏黎明.饲用燕麦研究进展.草业学报,2007,16(4):116-125.
[17] Liu H,Mu P,Zhao G Q.A study on genetic diversity of Avenagermplasm resources detectde by ISSR.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(4):116-124.刘欢,慕平,赵桂琴.燕麦种质资源遗传多样性ISSR研究.草业学报,2012,21(4):116-124.
[18] Zhang X Q,Liu J H,Qi B J,et al.Cluster diversity analysis of the main agronomic traits in oat germplasm.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,11(2):168-174.张向前,刘景辉,齐冰洁,等.燕麦种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报,2011,11(2):168-174.
[19] Qi B J,Liu J H,Zhang Z Y,et al.Genetic diversity of biological characters in oat germplasm.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2008,28(4):594-599.齐冰洁,刘景辉,张智勇,等.燕麦种质资源的生物学性状的遗传多样性.麦类作物学报,2008,28(4):594-599.
[20] Zhou Q P,Yan H B,Han Z L,et al.RAPD analyzing of DNA molecule of two high-yield oats species.Pratacultural Science,2005,22(8):21-23.周青平,颜红波,韩志林,等.2种高产燕麦品种DNA分子的RAPD标记分析.草业科学,2005,22(8):21-23.
[21] Nan M,Ma N,Liu Y M,et al.Genetic diversity analysis on agronomic characteristics of oat germplasms.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(1):262-266.南铭,马宁,刘彦名,等.燕麦种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析.干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):262-266.
[22] Guan Y,Li B.The potential and countermeasures of developing oat industry in Heilongjiang Province.Modern Agriculture,2014,9:23-25.关勇,李博.黑龙江省发展燕麦产业的潜力与对策.现代化农业,2014,9:23-25.
[23] Li Y,Mao P S.Research progress of Avena sativa L.germplasm resource.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2013,41(1):74-75.李颖,毛培胜.燕麦种质资源研究进展.安徽农业科学,2013,41(1):74-75.
[24] Wang M G,Ge Y S,Chen L,et al.Identification of Glycyrrhizae by RAPD.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2004,2(4):289-293.王鸣刚,葛运生,陈亮,等.甘草亲缘关系的RAPD研究.武汉植物学研究,2004,2(4):289-293.
[25] Zhuang P P,Li W,Wei Y M,et al.Correlation and principle component analysis in agronomic traits of Triticum carthlicum Nevski.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2006,26(4):11-14.庄萍萍,李伟,魏育明,等.波斯小麦农艺性状相关性及主成分分析.麦类作物学报,2006,26(4):11-14.
[26] Han B J,Pan X W,Jin J,et al.Principal component analysis of agronomic and yield-related traits in soybean.Soybean Science,2008,27(1):67-73.韩秉进,潘相文,金剑,等.大豆农艺及产量性状的主成分分析.大豆科学,2008,27(1):67-73.
[2] Yang H P.Species of oat in China and its retrieval.Beijing:Agriculture Press,1989:75-83.杨海鹏.我国燕麦属内的种及其检索.北京:农业出版社,1989:75-83.
[3] Donoughue L S,Souza E,Tanksley S D,et al.Relationships among North American oat cultivars based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms.Crop Science,1994,34:1251-1258.
[4] Narinder P,Jagdeep S,Sandhu,et al.Development and characterization of microsatellite and RFLP-derived PCR markers in oat.Crop Science,2002,42:912-918.
[5] Jin H,Lesfie L,Dormer,et al.Combined AFLP and RFLP mapping in two hexaploid oat recombinant inbred populations.Genome,2000,43:94-101.
[6] Solano R,Hueros G,Fominaya A,et al.Organization of repeated sequences in species of the genus Avena.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,1992,83:602-607.
[7] Souza E,Sorrells M E.Relationships among 70North American oat germplasms:I.Cluster analysis using quantitative characters.Crop Science,1991,31:599-605.
[8] Sim S,Chang T,Curley J,et al.Chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the ryegrass genome from the Triticeae,oat,and rice genomes using common heterologous RFLP probes.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2005,110:1011-1019.
[9] Zhao X F,Rong Y P,Zhao L X.The collection and evaluation of oat(Avena sativa)in China.Pratacultural Science,2007,24(3):36-40.赵秀芳,戎郁萍,赵来喜.我国燕麦种质资源的收集和评价.草业科学,2007,24(3):36-40.
[10] Zhao N,Zhao X F,Zhao L X,et al.Adaptability evaluation of different Avena sativa varieties in Bashang,Hebei Province.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2009,17(1):43-47.赵宁,赵秀芳,赵来喜,等.不同燕麦品种在坝上地区的适应性评价.草地学报,2009,17(1):43-47.
[11] Cai L Y,Song Z P,Xu J,et al.The identification and evaluation of 18germplasm materials of Avena.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2007,7(4):21-26.蔡丽艳,宋志萍,徐静,等.18份燕麦属牧草种质材料的鉴定与评价.中国草地学报,2007,7(4):21-26.
[12] Zhao Y H,Wang Z L,Du J C,et al.Oat germplasm resources introdued and comparative study on the main agronomic characters.Journal of Northern Agriculture,2018,46(2):1-9.赵彦慧,王照兰,杜建材,等.燕麦种质资源引进与主要农艺性状比较研究.北方农业学报,2018,46(2):1-9.
[13] Liu G,Dai L X,Li D X,et al.The integrated evaluation of productive performance of oat.Prataculture and Animal Husbandry,2007,(7):1-5.刘刚,戴良先,李达旭,等.不同饲用燕麦品种生产性能的综合评价.草业与畜牧,2007,(7):1-5.
[14] Chen G,Li J H,Shi Y J.The relationship between seeding quantity and productive performance of oat(Avena sativa)in alpine pastoral areas.Grassland and Turf,2000,(4):29-31.陈功,李锦华,时永杰.高寒牧区燕麦播种量与生产性能的关系.草原与草坪,2000,(4):29-31.
[15] Zhao Y Y,Zhou X M,Yang C.Production of hybrid F1between Avena magna and Avena nuda and it's identification Chinese.Bulletin of Botany,2003,20(3):302-306.赵云云,周小梅,杨才.四倍体大燕麦×六倍体裸燕麦的杂种F1的产生及鉴定.植物学通报,2003,20(3):302-306.
[16] Zhao G Q,Mu P,Wei L M.Research progress in Avena sativa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2007,16(4):116-125.赵桂琴,慕平,魏黎明.饲用燕麦研究进展.草业学报,2007,16(4):116-125.
[17] Liu H,Mu P,Zhao G Q.A study on genetic diversity of Avenagermplasm resources detectde by ISSR.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(4):116-124.刘欢,慕平,赵桂琴.燕麦种质资源遗传多样性ISSR研究.草业学报,2012,21(4):116-124.
[18] Zhang X Q,Liu J H,Qi B J,et al.Cluster diversity analysis of the main agronomic traits in oat germplasm.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,11(2):168-174.张向前,刘景辉,齐冰洁,等.燕麦种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报,2011,11(2):168-174.
[19] Qi B J,Liu J H,Zhang Z Y,et al.Genetic diversity of biological characters in oat germplasm.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2008,28(4):594-599.齐冰洁,刘景辉,张智勇,等.燕麦种质资源的生物学性状的遗传多样性.麦类作物学报,2008,28(4):594-599.
[20] Zhou Q P,Yan H B,Han Z L,et al.RAPD analyzing of DNA molecule of two high-yield oats species.Pratacultural Science,2005,22(8):21-23.周青平,颜红波,韩志林,等.2种高产燕麦品种DNA分子的RAPD标记分析.草业科学,2005,22(8):21-23.
[21] Nan M,Ma N,Liu Y M,et al.Genetic diversity analysis on agronomic characteristics of oat germplasms.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(1):262-266.南铭,马宁,刘彦名,等.燕麦种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析.干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):262-266.
[22] Guan Y,Li B.The potential and countermeasures of developing oat industry in Heilongjiang Province.Modern Agriculture,2014,9:23-25.关勇,李博.黑龙江省发展燕麦产业的潜力与对策.现代化农业,2014,9:23-25.
[23] Li Y,Mao P S.Research progress of Avena sativa L.germplasm resource.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2013,41(1):74-75.李颖,毛培胜.燕麦种质资源研究进展.安徽农业科学,2013,41(1):74-75.
[24] Wang M G,Ge Y S,Chen L,et al.Identification of Glycyrrhizae by RAPD.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2004,2(4):289-293.王鸣刚,葛运生,陈亮,等.甘草亲缘关系的RAPD研究.武汉植物学研究,2004,2(4):289-293.
[25] Zhuang P P,Li W,Wei Y M,et al.Correlation and principle component analysis in agronomic traits of Triticum carthlicum Nevski.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2006,26(4):11-14.庄萍萍,李伟,魏育明,等.波斯小麦农艺性状相关性及主成分分析.麦类作物学报,2006,26(4):11-14.
[26] Han B J,Pan X W,Jin J,et al.Principal component analysis of agronomic and yield-related traits in soybean.Soybean Science,2008,27(1):67-73.韩秉进,潘相文,金剑,等.大豆农艺及产量性状的主成分分析.大豆科学,2008,27(1):67-73.