《全元诗》作者地理分布的可视化分析
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摘要
《全元诗》收入元诗作者4 950余人,有籍贯或省籍著录者共3 106人。从作者省籍分布来看,南方集中于江浙行省及其周边省县,北方集中于元中书省所辖腹里地区,前者以浙江、江西、江苏、安徽为主,后者以河南、山东、山西、河北为主。总体上,南方作者比例升高,北方作者则比例下降。从作者籍贯的地理分布来看,苏州、宣城、杭州人数占据前三,与《全元文》相比变动较大。从浙江籍作者的各路分布看,台州、绍兴、杭州三路总量靠前,具体州县上,则以杭州、绍兴、湖州等为主要分布点;婺州与庆元二路在《全元诗》中排名相比在《全元文》中下降显著,呈现出较为明显的文胜于诗的地域文化传统特色。
The Complete Poems of Yuan Dynastyincludes verses by more than 4,950 authors,among whom 3,106 are identified by place of birth.According to provincial distribution,southern authors are concentrated in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and the neighboring provinces of Jiangxi,Jiangsu and Anhui,while those from the north are centralized in the areas under the jurisdiction of the Yuan Secretariat,mainly Henan,Shandong,Shanxi,and Hebei.Among them all,the greater proportion of authors are from the south.Specifically,Zhejiang authors rank the first among all provinces,followed by provinces represented by more than one-hundred authors:Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Anhui,Henan,Fujian,Shandong,and Shanxi.A similar distribution pattern is discernible in the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,but with some differences.Zhejiang ranks the first,with more than twice the number of writers of Jiangxi.This shows that during the Yuan period,Zhejiang,as the political and economic center and transportation hub of the Jiangnan region maintained,and even developed,its status as the national center of poetry since the Southern Song Dynasty.Because of its strong Neo-Confucian tradition,Jiangxi was more heavily influenced by the ancient prose tradition that began in the Song Dynasty,which in turn inspired the literati in Jiangxi to be more passionate about social and practical matters in their prose than in individual poems.This trend contributed to the great accomplishments in prose writing during the Yuan.Changes are even more apparent from the geographical distribution of author origin.Although the main distribution of author origin in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynastyis also roughly the same as that of the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,which is mainly areas under the jurisdiction of the Yuan Secretariat and Lin'an(Hangzhou,the capital of the Southern Song),two differences are clearly apparent.The first is the obvious decrease of northern authors and the increase of southern authors in the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,and the corresponding rise of southern authors are mainly centralized in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces,whose jurisdiction included Jiangnan,most of Jiangsu,part of Anhui and Jiangxi,and all of Zhejiang,Fujian,and modern Shanghai.The second is the rank of specific prefectures and counties.Among the authors in the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,Qiantang in Zhejiang(Hangzhou)ranks first with obvious advantages,while in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynasty Suzhou ranks the first.Xuancheng in Anhui,which ranks after more than one hundred other author-origin locations in the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,is ahead of Qiantang and ranks the second.The increase of poets'representation of Suzhou and Xuancheng in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynastyis due to historical background and humanistic reasons.Moreover,in terms of the distribution of poets from Zhejiang in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynasty,those from the Taizhou,Shaoxing and Hangzhou circuits rank as the top three.Among prefectures and counties,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Huzhou,Tiantai,Huangyan,Yinxian,Yongjia,and Jiaxing serve as the main distribution points.Compared with Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,although the number of writers in eastern Zhejiang is still more than that in western Zhejiang,the gap has narrowed.Moreover,the Wuzhou and Qingyuan circuits have dropped significantly in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynasty,indicating that in traditional,regional culture,prose writing is more highly valued than poetic composition.Through an analysis of the geographical distribution of authors in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynastyand a comparison with the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,not only can we get a clear and accurate understanding of the geographical distribution of poets in the Yuan Dynasty,but can also gain a more comprehensive and subtle understanding of the overall development of poetry and prose in the Yuan Dynasty from a regional perspective.
The Complete Poems of Yuan Dynastyincludes verses by more than 4,950 authors,among whom 3,106 are identified by place of birth.According to provincial distribution,southern authors are concentrated in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and the neighboring provinces of Jiangxi,Jiangsu and Anhui,while those from the north are centralized in the areas under the jurisdiction of the Yuan Secretariat,mainly Henan,Shandong,Shanxi,and Hebei.Among them all,the greater proportion of authors are from the south.Specifically,Zhejiang authors rank the first among all provinces,followed by provinces represented by more than one-hundred authors:Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Anhui,Henan,Fujian,Shandong,and Shanxi.A similar distribution pattern is discernible in the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,but with some differences.Zhejiang ranks the first,with more than twice the number of writers of Jiangxi.This shows that during the Yuan period,Zhejiang,as the political and economic center and transportation hub of the Jiangnan region maintained,and even developed,its status as the national center of poetry since the Southern Song Dynasty.Because of its strong Neo-Confucian tradition,Jiangxi was more heavily influenced by the ancient prose tradition that began in the Song Dynasty,which in turn inspired the literati in Jiangxi to be more passionate about social and practical matters in their prose than in individual poems.This trend contributed to the great accomplishments in prose writing during the Yuan.Changes are even more apparent from the geographical distribution of author origin.Although the main distribution of author origin in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynastyis also roughly the same as that of the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,which is mainly areas under the jurisdiction of the Yuan Secretariat and Lin'an(Hangzhou,the capital of the Southern Song),two differences are clearly apparent.The first is the obvious decrease of northern authors and the increase of southern authors in the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,and the corresponding rise of southern authors are mainly centralized in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces,whose jurisdiction included Jiangnan,most of Jiangsu,part of Anhui and Jiangxi,and all of Zhejiang,Fujian,and modern Shanghai.The second is the rank of specific prefectures and counties.Among the authors in the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,Qiantang in Zhejiang(Hangzhou)ranks first with obvious advantages,while in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynasty Suzhou ranks the first.Xuancheng in Anhui,which ranks after more than one hundred other author-origin locations in the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,is ahead of Qiantang and ranks the second.The increase of poets'representation of Suzhou and Xuancheng in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynastyis due to historical background and humanistic reasons.Moreover,in terms of the distribution of poets from Zhejiang in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynasty,those from the Taizhou,Shaoxing and Hangzhou circuits rank as the top three.Among prefectures and counties,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Huzhou,Tiantai,Huangyan,Yinxian,Yongjia,and Jiaxing serve as the main distribution points.Compared with Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,although the number of writers in eastern Zhejiang is still more than that in western Zhejiang,the gap has narrowed.Moreover,the Wuzhou and Qingyuan circuits have dropped significantly in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynasty,indicating that in traditional,regional culture,prose writing is more highly valued than poetic composition.Through an analysis of the geographical distribution of authors in the Complete Poems of Yuan Dynastyand a comparison with the Complete Prose of Yuan Dynasty,not only can we get a clear and accurate understanding of the geographical distribution of poets in the Yuan Dynasty,but can also gain a more comprehensive and subtle understanding of the overall development of poetry and prose in the Yuan Dynasty from a regional perspective.
引文
[1]徐志平:《浙江古代诗歌史》,杭州:杭州出版社,2008年。[Xu Zhiping,A History of Zhejiang Classical Poems,Hangzhou:Hangzhou Publishing House,2008.]
[2]陈让修、夏时正纂:《(成化)杭州府志》,见《四库全书存目丛书》史部第175册,济南:齐鲁书社,1996年。[Chen Rangxiu&Xia Shizheng,Hangzhou Chorography in Chenghua Period,in Siku Quanshu Cunmu Congshu,Historical Section:Vol.175,Jinan:Qilu Publishing House,1996.]
[3]曾燠辑:《江西诗征》,见《续修四库全书》第1688册,上海:上海古籍出版社,2002年。[Zeng Ao(ed.),Jiangxi Shizheng,in Xuxiu Siku Quanshu:Vol.1688,Shanghai:Shanghai Classics Publishing House,2002.]
[4]永2)等:《四库全书总目》,北京:中华书局,2016年。[Yong Rong et al.,Catalogue of Siku Quanshu,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2016.]
[5]孟繁清、杨淑红:《平江路的人口发展---元代海运基地系列研究之一》,见魏崇武主编:《元代文献与文化研究》第2辑,北京:中华书局,2013年,第120-130页。[Meng Fanqing&Yang Shuhong,″The Population Development in Pingjiang:One of Researches on Marine Transport Base in Yuan Dynasty,″in Wei Chongwu(ed.),Researches on Literature and Cultural of Yuan Dynasty:Vol.2,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2013,pp.120-130.]
[6]杨镰:《顾瑛与玉山雅集》,《西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2008年第5期,第136-140页。[Yang Lian,″Gu Ying and the Yushan Gathering,″Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities(Humanities and Social Science),No.5(2008),pp.136-140.]
[7]徐永明:《元末明初南方两个文学群体成员的交往及其差异》,《文学遗产》2004年第2期,第77-84页。[Xu Yongming,″Association and Its Differences of the Members of Two Southern Literary Groups in Late Yuan and Early Ming Dynasties,″Literary Heritage,No.2(2004),pp.77-84.]
[8]李修生主编:《全元文》,南京:凤凰出版社,2004年。[Li Xiusheng(ed.),The Complete Articles of Yuan Dynasty,Nanjing:Phoenix Publishing House,2004.]
[9]鲁铨、洪亮吉等:《(嘉庆)宁国府志》,见《续修四库全书》第711册,上海:上海古籍出版社,2002年。[Lu Quan&Hong Liangji et al.,Ningguo Chorography in Jiaqing Period,in Xuxiu Siku Quanshu:Vol.711,Shanghai:Shanghai Classics Publishing House,2002.]
(1)僧道人未载明里籍者,以其住寺庙道观所在之地纳入籍贯统计,如“释竺昙,灵隐寺住山僧”,归杭州;“释守良,字里不详。元末住持嘉兴兴圣寺”,归嘉兴;“周必达,天台山隐士”,归入天台。
(2)色目人观音奴字志能,埜仙字泰中;西夏人观音奴字鲁山。
(1)据《元史·地理志》卷六二(中华书局1976年版,以下不再标注版本),苏州在宋代为平江府,元代升为平江路,领吴县、长洲二倚郭县,及昆山、常熟、吴江、嘉定四州。由于《全元诗》所著苏州籍作者多以苏州旧称“吴郡”冠之,未明具体州县,所以这里的苏州所取范围稍广,除小传籍贯著录中的吴郡外,还包括姑苏、平江、吴中、中吴、吴下、吴这些标明为苏州籍的地方,以及长洲、吴县二倚郭县(27人)。
(1)除去三位仅有省籍信息载录者(方志道、胡布、沈用),共1 011位。
(2)据《元史·地理志》,台州路治临海,领临海、仙居、宁海、天台四县及黄岩州;绍兴路治会稽、山阴,领山阴、会稽、上虞、萧山、嵊县、新昌六县及余姚、诸暨二州;杭州路治钱塘、仁和,领钱塘、仁和、余杭、临安、新城、富阳、於潜、昌化八县及海宁州;婺州路治金华,领金华、东阳、义乌、永康、武义、浦江六县及兰溪州;湖州路治乌程、归安,领乌程、归安、安吉、德清、武康五县及长兴州;温州路治永嘉,领永嘉、乐清二县及瑞安、平阳二州;庆元路治鄞县,领鄞县、象山、慈溪、定海四县及奉化、昌国二州;嘉兴路治嘉兴,领嘉兴县及海盐、崇德二州;建德路治建德,领建德、淳安、遂安、桐庐、分水、寿昌六县;处州路治丽水,领丽水、龙泉、松阳、遂昌、青田、缙云、庆元七县;衢州路治西安,领西安、龙游、江山、常山、开化五县。
[2]陈让修、夏时正纂:《(成化)杭州府志》,见《四库全书存目丛书》史部第175册,济南:齐鲁书社,1996年。[Chen Rangxiu&Xia Shizheng,Hangzhou Chorography in Chenghua Period,in Siku Quanshu Cunmu Congshu,Historical Section:Vol.175,Jinan:Qilu Publishing House,1996.]
[3]曾燠辑:《江西诗征》,见《续修四库全书》第1688册,上海:上海古籍出版社,2002年。[Zeng Ao(ed.),Jiangxi Shizheng,in Xuxiu Siku Quanshu:Vol.1688,Shanghai:Shanghai Classics Publishing House,2002.]
[4]永2)等:《四库全书总目》,北京:中华书局,2016年。[Yong Rong et al.,Catalogue of Siku Quanshu,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2016.]
[5]孟繁清、杨淑红:《平江路的人口发展---元代海运基地系列研究之一》,见魏崇武主编:《元代文献与文化研究》第2辑,北京:中华书局,2013年,第120-130页。[Meng Fanqing&Yang Shuhong,″The Population Development in Pingjiang:One of Researches on Marine Transport Base in Yuan Dynasty,″in Wei Chongwu(ed.),Researches on Literature and Cultural of Yuan Dynasty:Vol.2,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2013,pp.120-130.]
[6]杨镰:《顾瑛与玉山雅集》,《西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2008年第5期,第136-140页。[Yang Lian,″Gu Ying and the Yushan Gathering,″Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities(Humanities and Social Science),No.5(2008),pp.136-140.]
[7]徐永明:《元末明初南方两个文学群体成员的交往及其差异》,《文学遗产》2004年第2期,第77-84页。[Xu Yongming,″Association and Its Differences of the Members of Two Southern Literary Groups in Late Yuan and Early Ming Dynasties,″Literary Heritage,No.2(2004),pp.77-84.]
[8]李修生主编:《全元文》,南京:凤凰出版社,2004年。[Li Xiusheng(ed.),The Complete Articles of Yuan Dynasty,Nanjing:Phoenix Publishing House,2004.]
[9]鲁铨、洪亮吉等:《(嘉庆)宁国府志》,见《续修四库全书》第711册,上海:上海古籍出版社,2002年。[Lu Quan&Hong Liangji et al.,Ningguo Chorography in Jiaqing Period,in Xuxiu Siku Quanshu:Vol.711,Shanghai:Shanghai Classics Publishing House,2002.]
(1)僧道人未载明里籍者,以其住寺庙道观所在之地纳入籍贯统计,如“释竺昙,灵隐寺住山僧”,归杭州;“释守良,字里不详。元末住持嘉兴兴圣寺”,归嘉兴;“周必达,天台山隐士”,归入天台。
(2)色目人观音奴字志能,埜仙字泰中;西夏人观音奴字鲁山。
(1)据《元史·地理志》卷六二(中华书局1976年版,以下不再标注版本),苏州在宋代为平江府,元代升为平江路,领吴县、长洲二倚郭县,及昆山、常熟、吴江、嘉定四州。由于《全元诗》所著苏州籍作者多以苏州旧称“吴郡”冠之,未明具体州县,所以这里的苏州所取范围稍广,除小传籍贯著录中的吴郡外,还包括姑苏、平江、吴中、中吴、吴下、吴这些标明为苏州籍的地方,以及长洲、吴县二倚郭县(27人)。
(1)除去三位仅有省籍信息载录者(方志道、胡布、沈用),共1 011位。
(2)据《元史·地理志》,台州路治临海,领临海、仙居、宁海、天台四县及黄岩州;绍兴路治会稽、山阴,领山阴、会稽、上虞、萧山、嵊县、新昌六县及余姚、诸暨二州;杭州路治钱塘、仁和,领钱塘、仁和、余杭、临安、新城、富阳、於潜、昌化八县及海宁州;婺州路治金华,领金华、东阳、义乌、永康、武义、浦江六县及兰溪州;湖州路治乌程、归安,领乌程、归安、安吉、德清、武康五县及长兴州;温州路治永嘉,领永嘉、乐清二县及瑞安、平阳二州;庆元路治鄞县,领鄞县、象山、慈溪、定海四县及奉化、昌国二州;嘉兴路治嘉兴,领嘉兴县及海盐、崇德二州;建德路治建德,领建德、淳安、遂安、桐庐、分水、寿昌六县;处州路治丽水,领丽水、龙泉、松阳、遂昌、青田、缙云、庆元七县;衢州路治西安,领西安、龙游、江山、常山、开化五县。