基于热场仿真及改进粒子群算法的电缆群负荷优化方法
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摘要
电缆集群敷设在城市输配电网中越来越普遍。受到相互之间严重的热影响,集群敷设电缆温度场分布不均衡,中间电缆导体温度高于其周围电缆。因而提出基于热场仿真及改进粒子群算法的电缆群负荷优化方法,该方法在电缆温度场分布有限元计算的基础上,以断面载流能力最大作为优化目标、各条电缆导体温度不超过90℃作为约束条件,利用改进粒子群算法对电缆负荷进行优化。采用该方法对排管敷设十二回路、十六回路、二十四回路电缆群进行负荷优化,结果显示断面载流能力明显提高,且提高的幅度随着电缆回路数的增加而增大,最高能达到近5%;该方法同样可提高运行中某些线路负荷固定时的断面负载能力。综上所述,利用该方法对电缆群进行负荷优化可得到负荷分配的最优方案,提高电缆群断面载流能力,提高电缆利用率。
The method of cluster laying is more and more commonly adopted in urban distribution cable network. The heat effect among cables is serious and leads to their temperature overbalance, and the middle cable is the hottest one. To improve the section ampacity of cables, a load optimization method based on modified particle swarm and finite element method(FEM) thermal field simulation is proposed, in which to maximize the section carrying capacity is taken as the optimization objective and that the conductor temperature of each cable does not exceed 90 ℃ is taken as the constraint.The results of the load optimization of twelve, sixteen and twenty-four circuits cables laying in ducts reveal that the section ampacity will all be enhanced evidently. And the more the cable number is, the more the ampacity will increase,reaching a maximum of nearly 5%. The method can also improve the carrying capacity in case of changeless load of some lines. Therefore, the load optimization method proposed can extract the optimal scheme of cable load distribution, maximum section carrying capacity of cables, and increase its utilization.
The method of cluster laying is more and more commonly adopted in urban distribution cable network. The heat effect among cables is serious and leads to their temperature overbalance, and the middle cable is the hottest one. To improve the section ampacity of cables, a load optimization method based on modified particle swarm and finite element method(FEM) thermal field simulation is proposed, in which to maximize the section carrying capacity is taken as the optimization objective and that the conductor temperature of each cable does not exceed 90 ℃ is taken as the constraint.The results of the load optimization of twelve, sixteen and twenty-four circuits cables laying in ducts reveal that the section ampacity will all be enhanced evidently. And the more the cable number is, the more the ampacity will increase,reaching a maximum of nearly 5%. The method can also improve the carrying capacity in case of changeless load of some lines. Therefore, the load optimization method proposed can extract the optimal scheme of cable load distribution, maximum section carrying capacity of cables, and increase its utilization.
引文
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[3]BATES C,MALMEDAL K,CAIN D.Cable ampacity calculations:a comparison of methods[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2016,52(1):112-118.
[4]杨颖,游蛟,贾志东,等.10 k V交联聚乙烯电缆运行状态评估分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):298-306.YANG Ying,YOU Jiao,JIA Zhidong,et al.Evaluation analysis of 10kV XLPE cable’s operation condition[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):298-306.
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[11]陈仁刚.电力电缆载流量影响因素分析及敷设方式优化方法的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010.CHEN Rengang.Analysis of cable ampacity influencing factors and study on the optimization method of cable laying scheme[D].Chongqing,China:Chongqing University,2010.
[12]郭然,牛海清,吴炬卓.基于有限元温度场仿真的排管敷设电缆及新增电缆的位置优化[J].中国电力,2017,50(7):159-174.GUO Ran,NIU Haiqing,WU Juzhuo.Position optimization of existing and added cables based on finite element method[J].Electric Power,2017,50(7):159-174.
[13]郑雁翎.电缆线路的电缆群载流量优化数值计算模型研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3760-3765.ZHENG Yanling.Research on optimal numerical calculation method of cable groups ampacity in cable route[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3760-3765.
[14]阮羚,赵艾萱,邓丹,等.三芯电缆不平衡电流对温度分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(8):2704-2709.RUAN Ling,ZHAO Aixuan,DENG Dan,et al.Influence of unbalanced current in 3-core power cable on temperature distribution[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(8):2704-2709.
[15]牛海清,郑文坚,雷超平,等.基于有限元和粒子群算法的电缆周围土壤热特性参数估算方法[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1557-1563.NIU Haiqing,ZHENG Wenjian,LEI Chaoping,et al.Estimation method for thermal parameters of soil around the cable based on finite element and particle swarm optimization[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(5):1557-1563.
[16]KENNEDY J,EBERHART R C.Particle swarm optimization[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks.Perth Piscataway,Australia:IEEE Service Center,1995:1942-1948.
[17]SHI Y,EBERHART R C.A modified particle swarm optimizer[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Anchorage.Alaska,USA:IEEE,1998:69-73.
[18]POWELL D,SKOLNICK M.Using genetic algorithms in engineering design optimization with nonlinear constraints[C]∥The 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms.Sanmateo,CA,USA:Morgan Kaufnann Publishers,1993:424-430.
[19]刘华蓥,林玉娥,王淑云.粒子群算法的改进及其在求解约束优化问题中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(4):472-476.LIU Huaying,LIN Yu’e,WANG Shuyun.A modified particle swarm optimization for solving constrained optimization problems[J].Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition),2005,43(4):472-476.
[2]游勇.排管敷设10 kV三芯交联聚乙烯电缆载流量计算及试验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.YOU Yong.Study of calculation and experiments of ampacity of 10kV three-core XLPE cables laid in pipes[D].Guangzhou,China:South China University of Technology,2013.
[3]BATES C,MALMEDAL K,CAIN D.Cable ampacity calculations:a comparison of methods[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2016,52(1):112-118.
[4]杨颖,游蛟,贾志东,等.10 k V交联聚乙烯电缆运行状态评估分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):298-306.YANG Ying,YOU Jiao,JIA Zhidong,et al.Evaluation analysis of 10kV XLPE cable’s operation condition[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):298-306.
[5]Calculation of the current rating of electric cables,part 1:current rating equations(100%load factor)and calculation of losses,section 1:general:IEC 60287-1-1:1994[S],1994.
[6]Electric cables-calculation of the current rating-part 2-1:thermal resistance;calculation of thermal resistane;amendment 2:IEC60287-2-1 AMD 1:2006[S],1996.
[7]ANDERS G J,COATES M.Mohamed ampacity calculations for cables in shallow troughs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(4):2064-2072.
[8]邓长征,肖东,程小絮,等.水平排管敷设的多回电缆线路布置方式优化研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(4):82-86,100.DENG Changzheng,XIAO Dong,CHENG Xiaoxu,et al.Optimization study on layout of multi-loop cable line in horizontal laying[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),2016,38(4):82-86,100.
[9]鲁志伟,葛丽婷,郑良华,等.地下电力电缆集群的不等间距优化设计[J].高电压技术,2010,36(8):2068-2073.LU Zhiwei,GE Liting,ZHENG Lianghua,et al.Optimum design of underground power cables with unequal spacing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(8):2068-2073.
[10]葛丽婷.地下电缆集群的优化运行和设计[D].沈阳:东北电力大学,2010.GE Liting.Optimal operation and design of underground power cables in cluster[D].Shenyang,China:Northeast Electric Power University,2010.
[11]陈仁刚.电力电缆载流量影响因素分析及敷设方式优化方法的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010.CHEN Rengang.Analysis of cable ampacity influencing factors and study on the optimization method of cable laying scheme[D].Chongqing,China:Chongqing University,2010.
[12]郭然,牛海清,吴炬卓.基于有限元温度场仿真的排管敷设电缆及新增电缆的位置优化[J].中国电力,2017,50(7):159-174.GUO Ran,NIU Haiqing,WU Juzhuo.Position optimization of existing and added cables based on finite element method[J].Electric Power,2017,50(7):159-174.
[13]郑雁翎.电缆线路的电缆群载流量优化数值计算模型研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3760-3765.ZHENG Yanling.Research on optimal numerical calculation method of cable groups ampacity in cable route[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3760-3765.
[14]阮羚,赵艾萱,邓丹,等.三芯电缆不平衡电流对温度分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(8):2704-2709.RUAN Ling,ZHAO Aixuan,DENG Dan,et al.Influence of unbalanced current in 3-core power cable on temperature distribution[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(8):2704-2709.
[15]牛海清,郑文坚,雷超平,等.基于有限元和粒子群算法的电缆周围土壤热特性参数估算方法[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1557-1563.NIU Haiqing,ZHENG Wenjian,LEI Chaoping,et al.Estimation method for thermal parameters of soil around the cable based on finite element and particle swarm optimization[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(5):1557-1563.
[16]KENNEDY J,EBERHART R C.Particle swarm optimization[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks.Perth Piscataway,Australia:IEEE Service Center,1995:1942-1948.
[17]SHI Y,EBERHART R C.A modified particle swarm optimizer[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Anchorage.Alaska,USA:IEEE,1998:69-73.
[18]POWELL D,SKOLNICK M.Using genetic algorithms in engineering design optimization with nonlinear constraints[C]∥The 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms.Sanmateo,CA,USA:Morgan Kaufnann Publishers,1993:424-430.
[19]刘华蓥,林玉娥,王淑云.粒子群算法的改进及其在求解约束优化问题中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(4):472-476.LIU Huaying,LIN Yu’e,WANG Shuyun.A modified particle swarm optimization for solving constrained optimization problems[J].Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition),2005,43(4):472-476.