太阳能与空气源热泵集成供热系统研究进展
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摘要
太阳能与空气源热泵能都具有清洁节能的优点,但两者的性能又均受制于天气状况,在某些工况下不能保证较高的运行能效,若将太阳能与空气源热泵组成集成系统,则可实现双方的优势互补。本文从太阳能与空气源热泵的多种结合方式出发,阐述了近期太阳能与空气源热泵集成供热系统的研究进展,分析了喷射器增效双热源热泵和太阳能光伏光热一体化双热源热泵等6种不同集成系统各自的特点,根据每种系统的特点探讨了各种集成方式的适用范围。指出太阳能可以提高空气源热泵的低温性能,缓解空气源热泵的结霜问题,同时空气源热泵也能弥补太阳能不稳定性和不连续性的缺陷,故太阳能与空气源热泵的结合可以提高供热系统的可靠性与节能性。最后,分析了现有研究的不足之处,并提出了关于未来研究方向的建议。
Although the solar energy and the air source heat pump are all clean and energy-saving,their performances are subject to weather conditions. In some conditions,they can't operate with higher efficiencies. If the solar energy and the air source heat pump is integrated,the new system can achieve the complementary advantages. From various the solar energy and the air source heat pump integration methods,the recent progresses of the integrated heating system of solar and air source heat pump were discussed in this paper. The characteristics of solar assisted ejector-compression heat pump,solar photovoltaic/thermal integrated dual heat source heat pump and other kinds of different integrated system were analyzed. The research indicated that the solar energy could improve the low temperature performance of air source heat pump,relieving frosting problem of air source heat pump. In turn,air source heat pump could compensate for solar instability and discontinuity defects. Therefore,the combination of solar energy and air source heat pump can improve the reliability and energy-saving ability. Finally,the inadequacies of existing research are analyzed and some suggestions for future research are proposed.
Although the solar energy and the air source heat pump are all clean and energy-saving,their performances are subject to weather conditions. In some conditions,they can't operate with higher efficiencies. If the solar energy and the air source heat pump is integrated,the new system can achieve the complementary advantages. From various the solar energy and the air source heat pump integration methods,the recent progresses of the integrated heating system of solar and air source heat pump were discussed in this paper. The characteristics of solar assisted ejector-compression heat pump,solar photovoltaic/thermal integrated dual heat source heat pump and other kinds of different integrated system were analyzed. The research indicated that the solar energy could improve the low temperature performance of air source heat pump,relieving frosting problem of air source heat pump. In turn,air source heat pump could compensate for solar instability and discontinuity defects. Therefore,the combination of solar energy and air source heat pump can improve the reliability and energy-saving ability. Finally,the inadequacies of existing research are analyzed and some suggestions for future research are proposed.
引文
[1]ITO S,MIURA N,WANG K.Performance of a heat pump using direct expassion solar collectors[J].Solar Energy,1999,65(3):189-196.
[2]李郁武,王如竹,王泰华,等.直膨式太阳能热泵热水器运行特性的实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2006,27(6):923-925.LI Y W,WANG R Z,WANG T H,et al.Experimental study on the operational characteristics of direct expansion solar assisted heat pump water heater[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2006(6):923-925.
[3]丁勇,戴辉自,李百战,等.重庆地区夏季太阳能热水应用系统实测研究[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(7):1205-1211.DING Y,DAI H Z,Li B Z,et al.Experiments of solar hot water system's application of Chongqing area in summer[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,33(7):1205-1211.
[4]何世钧,张雨,周文君.太阳能热水系统集热器最佳倾角的确定[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(6):922-927.HE S J,ZHANG Y,ZHOU W J.The affirmance of optimum tilt angle of solar collector[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,33(6):922-927.
[5]李明,郑土逢,季旭,等.立面阳台式太阳能热水器的性能特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):228-232.LI M,ZHENG T F,JI X,et al.Performance of facade balcony type solar water heaters[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(10):228-232.
[6]LI H,YANG H.Potential application of solar thermal systems for hot water production in Hongkong[J].Applied Energy,2009,86(2):175-180.
[7]广西明确将空气能纳入可再生能源范畴[J].供热制冷,2016(12):20.Air energy will be classified as renewable energy in Gunagxi[J].Heating and Refrigeration,2016(12):20.
[8]姚春妮,刘幼农.空气热能纳入可再生能源的建筑应用技术研究[J].建设科技,2016(2):12-16.YAO C N,LIU Y N.Application of air energy was classified as research of applied technique of building[J].Construction Technology,2016(2):12-16.
[9]李曾婷.空气源热泵:热水器稳步发展,采暖机组蓄势待发[J].电器,2016(8):26-27.LI Z T.Air source heat pump:water heater is developing graudually,heating unit have saved strength to start up[J].Electrical Appliance,2016(8):26-27.
[10]CHATURVEDI S K,SHEN J Y.Thermal performance of a direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump[J].Solar Energy,1984,33(2):155-162.
[11]DENG W,YU J.Simulation analysis on dynamic performance of a combined solar/air dual source heat pump water heater[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2016,120(1):378-387.
[12]陈雁,孙德胜.空气源热泵-太阳能组合系统在寒冷地区运行特性的模拟研究[J].暖通空调,2011,41(7):123-127.CHEN Y,SUN D S.Simulation study on solar-assisted air-source heat pump system for heating in cold area[J].Heating Ventilating&Air Conditioning,2011,41(7):123-127.
[13]刘鹏.一种新型太阳能-空气源热泵采暖方式探讨[J].建筑热能通风空调,2016(8):64-65,98.LIU P.Discussion on a new type heating mode of solar-air source heat pump[J].Building Energy&Environment,2016(8):64-65,98.
[14]董丹,秦红,刘重裕,等.太阳能光伏/热(PV/T)技术的研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32(5):1020-1024.DONG D,QIN H,LIU C Y,et al.Research progress in solar photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)technology[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2013,32(5):1020-1024.
[15]CAO C H,LI H X,FENG G H,et al.Research on PV/T–air source heat pump integrated heating system in severe cold region[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,146(1):410-414.
[16]李慧星,曹炽洪,冯国会,等.严寒地区PV/T-空气源热泵集成供热系统研究[J].建筑节能,2015(5):52-55.LI H X,CAO C H,FENG G H,et al.PV/T-air source heat pump integrated heating system in severe cold region[J].Building Energy Efficiency,2016(5):52-55.
[17]WANG G,QUAN Z,ZHAO Y,et al.Performance studies on a novel solar PV/T-air dual heat source heat pump system[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,121(1):771-778.
[18]王岗,全贞花,赵耀华,等.太阳能-空气复合热源热泵热水系统[J].化工学报,2014,65(3):1033-1039.WANG G,QUAN Z H,ZHAO Y H,et al.Solar-air composite heat source heat pump hot water system[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(3):1033-1039.
[19]QUAN Z H,LI N J,ZHAO Y H.Experimental study of solar photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)system based on flat plate heat pipe[C]//Power and Energy Engineering Conference.Wuhan:IEEE,2011:1-4.
[20]JI J,PEI G,CHOW T T,et al.Experimental study of photovoltaic solar assisted heat pump system[J].Solar Energy,2008,82(1):43-52.
[21]SARKAR J.Ejector enhanced vapor compression refrigeration and heat pump systems:a review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(9):6647-6659.
[22]CHEN J,YU J.Theoretical analysis on a new direct expansion solar assisted ejector-compression heat pump cycle for water heater[J].Solar Energy,2017,142(1):299-307.
[23]YAN G,BAI T,YU J.Energy and exergy efficiency analysis of solar driven ejector–compressor heat pump cycle[J].Solar Energy,2016,125(1):243-255.
[24]ZHU L,YU J,ZHOU M,et al.Performance analysis of a novel dual-nozzle ejector enhanced cycle for solar assisted air-source heat pump systems[J].Renew Energy,2014,63(1):735-740.
[25]陈卫星.双热源太阳能热泵模式研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2004.CHEN W X.Reseach on module of dual source solar assisted heat pump[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2004.
[26]颜慧磊,张华,邵秋萍.一种太阳能与空气源双热源热泵系统的性能研究[J].上海理工大学学报,2014,36(2):177-180.YAN H L,ZHANG H,SHAO Q P.Exploratory research on the performance of solar-air double heat sources heat pump system[J].Journal of University of Shanghai for Science&Technology,2014,36(2):177-180.
[27]阳季春.间接膨胀式太阳能多功能热泵系统的研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2007.YANG J C.Research on indirect expansion solar assisted multifunctional heat pump system[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2007.
[28]LIU Y,MA J,ZHOU G H,et al.Performance of a solar air composite heat source heat pump system[J].Renew Energy,2016,87(1):1053-1058.
[29]刘寅,周光辉,李安桂,等.太阳能辅助空气源热泵空调低温特性研究[J].低温与超导,2009,37(10):73-75,35.LIU Y,ZHOU G H,LI A J,et al.Performance research of solar assistant air source heat pump in low temperature condition[J].Cryogenics&Superconductivity,2009,37(10):73-75,35.
[30]周光辉,刘寅,张岑,等.太阳能辅助空气源复合热泵冬季供热特性实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(11):1662-1665.ZHOU G H,LIU Y,ZHANG C,et al.Experimental study on heating performance of a solar assistant air source heat pump[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(11):1662-1665.
[31]ODEH S,NIJMEH S,AKASH B.Performance evaluation of solar-assisted double-tube evaporator heat pump system[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2004,31(2):191-201.
[32]旷玉辉,王如竹.直膨式太阳能热泵热水器的实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2005,26(3):379-381.KUANG Y H,WANG Ruzhu..Experienmental study on the direct-expansion solar-assissted heat-pump water heater[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2005,26(3):379-381.
[33]徐国英,张小松.太阳能——空气复合热源热泵热水器的性能模拟与分析[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(11):1148-1154.XU G Y,ZHANG X S.Analysis on the operating characteristics of solar-air source heat pump water heater[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2006,27(11):1148-1154.
[34]LI S S,LI S H,ZHANG X S.Comparison analysis of different refrigerants in solar-air hybrid heat source heat pump water heater[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2015,57(1):138-146.
[35]DONG X,TIAN Q,LI Z.Energy and exergy analysis of solar integrated air source heat pump for radiant floor heating without water[J].Energy and Buildings,2017,142(1):128-138.
[36]杨灵艳,倪龙,姚杨,等.蓄能型太阳能与空气源热泵集成系统运行模式[J].煤气与热力,2009,29(1):8-11.YANG L Y,NI L,YAO Y,et al.Operation modes of integrated system of solar and air source heat pump with triple-sleeve energy storage Exchangers[J].Gas&Heat,2009,29(1):8-11.
[37]NIU F X,NI L,QU M L,et al.A novel triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger and its application in an environmental control system[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,54(1):1-6.
[38]杨灵艳.三套管蓄能型太阳能与空气源热泵集成系统实验与模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.YANG L Y.Experimental study and simulation analysis on solar and air source heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.
[39]杨灵艳,倪龙,姚杨,等.三套管蓄能型太阳能和空气源热泵集成系统可行性实验[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(9):1168-1172.YANG L Y,NI L,YAO Y,et al.Experimental study on solar and air source heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(9):1168-1172.
[40]姚杨,杨灵艳.三套管蓄能型太阳能与空气源热泵集成系统运行特性的实验研究[J].建筑科学,2010,26(10):255-258.YAO Y,YANG L Y.Experimental study on operation feature of solar and air source heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers[J].Building Science,2010,26(10):255-258.
[2]李郁武,王如竹,王泰华,等.直膨式太阳能热泵热水器运行特性的实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2006,27(6):923-925.LI Y W,WANG R Z,WANG T H,et al.Experimental study on the operational characteristics of direct expansion solar assisted heat pump water heater[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2006(6):923-925.
[3]丁勇,戴辉自,李百战,等.重庆地区夏季太阳能热水应用系统实测研究[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(7):1205-1211.DING Y,DAI H Z,Li B Z,et al.Experiments of solar hot water system's application of Chongqing area in summer[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,33(7):1205-1211.
[4]何世钧,张雨,周文君.太阳能热水系统集热器最佳倾角的确定[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(6):922-927.HE S J,ZHANG Y,ZHOU W J.The affirmance of optimum tilt angle of solar collector[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,33(6):922-927.
[5]李明,郑土逢,季旭,等.立面阳台式太阳能热水器的性能特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):228-232.LI M,ZHENG T F,JI X,et al.Performance of facade balcony type solar water heaters[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(10):228-232.
[6]LI H,YANG H.Potential application of solar thermal systems for hot water production in Hongkong[J].Applied Energy,2009,86(2):175-180.
[7]广西明确将空气能纳入可再生能源范畴[J].供热制冷,2016(12):20.Air energy will be classified as renewable energy in Gunagxi[J].Heating and Refrigeration,2016(12):20.
[8]姚春妮,刘幼农.空气热能纳入可再生能源的建筑应用技术研究[J].建设科技,2016(2):12-16.YAO C N,LIU Y N.Application of air energy was classified as research of applied technique of building[J].Construction Technology,2016(2):12-16.
[9]李曾婷.空气源热泵:热水器稳步发展,采暖机组蓄势待发[J].电器,2016(8):26-27.LI Z T.Air source heat pump:water heater is developing graudually,heating unit have saved strength to start up[J].Electrical Appliance,2016(8):26-27.
[10]CHATURVEDI S K,SHEN J Y.Thermal performance of a direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump[J].Solar Energy,1984,33(2):155-162.
[11]DENG W,YU J.Simulation analysis on dynamic performance of a combined solar/air dual source heat pump water heater[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2016,120(1):378-387.
[12]陈雁,孙德胜.空气源热泵-太阳能组合系统在寒冷地区运行特性的模拟研究[J].暖通空调,2011,41(7):123-127.CHEN Y,SUN D S.Simulation study on solar-assisted air-source heat pump system for heating in cold area[J].Heating Ventilating&Air Conditioning,2011,41(7):123-127.
[13]刘鹏.一种新型太阳能-空气源热泵采暖方式探讨[J].建筑热能通风空调,2016(8):64-65,98.LIU P.Discussion on a new type heating mode of solar-air source heat pump[J].Building Energy&Environment,2016(8):64-65,98.
[14]董丹,秦红,刘重裕,等.太阳能光伏/热(PV/T)技术的研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32(5):1020-1024.DONG D,QIN H,LIU C Y,et al.Research progress in solar photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)technology[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2013,32(5):1020-1024.
[15]CAO C H,LI H X,FENG G H,et al.Research on PV/T–air source heat pump integrated heating system in severe cold region[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,146(1):410-414.
[16]李慧星,曹炽洪,冯国会,等.严寒地区PV/T-空气源热泵集成供热系统研究[J].建筑节能,2015(5):52-55.LI H X,CAO C H,FENG G H,et al.PV/T-air source heat pump integrated heating system in severe cold region[J].Building Energy Efficiency,2016(5):52-55.
[17]WANG G,QUAN Z,ZHAO Y,et al.Performance studies on a novel solar PV/T-air dual heat source heat pump system[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,121(1):771-778.
[18]王岗,全贞花,赵耀华,等.太阳能-空气复合热源热泵热水系统[J].化工学报,2014,65(3):1033-1039.WANG G,QUAN Z H,ZHAO Y H,et al.Solar-air composite heat source heat pump hot water system[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(3):1033-1039.
[19]QUAN Z H,LI N J,ZHAO Y H.Experimental study of solar photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)system based on flat plate heat pipe[C]//Power and Energy Engineering Conference.Wuhan:IEEE,2011:1-4.
[20]JI J,PEI G,CHOW T T,et al.Experimental study of photovoltaic solar assisted heat pump system[J].Solar Energy,2008,82(1):43-52.
[21]SARKAR J.Ejector enhanced vapor compression refrigeration and heat pump systems:a review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(9):6647-6659.
[22]CHEN J,YU J.Theoretical analysis on a new direct expansion solar assisted ejector-compression heat pump cycle for water heater[J].Solar Energy,2017,142(1):299-307.
[23]YAN G,BAI T,YU J.Energy and exergy efficiency analysis of solar driven ejector–compressor heat pump cycle[J].Solar Energy,2016,125(1):243-255.
[24]ZHU L,YU J,ZHOU M,et al.Performance analysis of a novel dual-nozzle ejector enhanced cycle for solar assisted air-source heat pump systems[J].Renew Energy,2014,63(1):735-740.
[25]陈卫星.双热源太阳能热泵模式研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2004.CHEN W X.Reseach on module of dual source solar assisted heat pump[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2004.
[26]颜慧磊,张华,邵秋萍.一种太阳能与空气源双热源热泵系统的性能研究[J].上海理工大学学报,2014,36(2):177-180.YAN H L,ZHANG H,SHAO Q P.Exploratory research on the performance of solar-air double heat sources heat pump system[J].Journal of University of Shanghai for Science&Technology,2014,36(2):177-180.
[27]阳季春.间接膨胀式太阳能多功能热泵系统的研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2007.YANG J C.Research on indirect expansion solar assisted multifunctional heat pump system[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2007.
[28]LIU Y,MA J,ZHOU G H,et al.Performance of a solar air composite heat source heat pump system[J].Renew Energy,2016,87(1):1053-1058.
[29]刘寅,周光辉,李安桂,等.太阳能辅助空气源热泵空调低温特性研究[J].低温与超导,2009,37(10):73-75,35.LIU Y,ZHOU G H,LI A J,et al.Performance research of solar assistant air source heat pump in low temperature condition[J].Cryogenics&Superconductivity,2009,37(10):73-75,35.
[30]周光辉,刘寅,张岑,等.太阳能辅助空气源复合热泵冬季供热特性实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(11):1662-1665.ZHOU G H,LIU Y,ZHANG C,et al.Experimental study on heating performance of a solar assistant air source heat pump[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(11):1662-1665.
[31]ODEH S,NIJMEH S,AKASH B.Performance evaluation of solar-assisted double-tube evaporator heat pump system[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2004,31(2):191-201.
[32]旷玉辉,王如竹.直膨式太阳能热泵热水器的实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2005,26(3):379-381.KUANG Y H,WANG Ruzhu..Experienmental study on the direct-expansion solar-assissted heat-pump water heater[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2005,26(3):379-381.
[33]徐国英,张小松.太阳能——空气复合热源热泵热水器的性能模拟与分析[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(11):1148-1154.XU G Y,ZHANG X S.Analysis on the operating characteristics of solar-air source heat pump water heater[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2006,27(11):1148-1154.
[34]LI S S,LI S H,ZHANG X S.Comparison analysis of different refrigerants in solar-air hybrid heat source heat pump water heater[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2015,57(1):138-146.
[35]DONG X,TIAN Q,LI Z.Energy and exergy analysis of solar integrated air source heat pump for radiant floor heating without water[J].Energy and Buildings,2017,142(1):128-138.
[36]杨灵艳,倪龙,姚杨,等.蓄能型太阳能与空气源热泵集成系统运行模式[J].煤气与热力,2009,29(1):8-11.YANG L Y,NI L,YAO Y,et al.Operation modes of integrated system of solar and air source heat pump with triple-sleeve energy storage Exchangers[J].Gas&Heat,2009,29(1):8-11.
[37]NIU F X,NI L,QU M L,et al.A novel triple-sleeve energy storage exchanger and its application in an environmental control system[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,54(1):1-6.
[38]杨灵艳.三套管蓄能型太阳能与空气源热泵集成系统实验与模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.YANG L Y.Experimental study and simulation analysis on solar and air source heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.
[39]杨灵艳,倪龙,姚杨,等.三套管蓄能型太阳能和空气源热泵集成系统可行性实验[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(9):1168-1172.YANG L Y,NI L,YAO Y,et al.Experimental study on solar and air source heat pump integrated system with triple-sleeve energy storage exchangers[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(9):1168-1172.
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