某高校大学生心理压力与应对方式的实证研究
|
摘要
目的研究某高校大学生心理压力与应对方式的特点及二者之间的相互关系,以期通过调整应对方式来达到减轻压力,提高心理调节能力和心理健康水平的目的。方法使用大学生心理压力感问卷和压力应对量表对306名在校大学生进行调查,采用SPSS19.0和Excel进行数据统计分析。结果大学生压力排在前五位的分别是学业压力、人际压力、家庭压力、情绪压力、择业压力;不同性别、是否独生子女、城镇或农村等因素影响着大学生在不同压力上的表现。面临压力时,大学生采取的应对方式趋向为:解决问题、求助、幻想、退避合理化、自责;面临压力时,女生在求助、幻想方式上的得分显著高于男生;城镇学生在求助上的得分显著高于农村学生;心理压力与应对方式存在显著线性关系。结论应改进大学生的压力应对方式,有针对性地进行心理辅导,从而减轻心理压力。
Objective:To study the characteristics of psychological stress and coping styles of college students and the relationship between them.It is expected to reduce stress and improve the ability of psychological adjustment through adjusting the coping way,so as to improve the mental health's levels.Methods:Three hundreds and six college students were surveyed with Psychological Stress Feeling Scale for College Students and Stress- Coping Scale.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS19.0 and Excel.Results:The top five pressures of college students were academic stress,interpersonal stress,family stress,emotional stress and career pressure.The expressions of different psychological stress were significantly different in gender,whether was only- child or not,urban or rural.When under pressure,the trends of students' coping styles were as following:solving problems,seeking help,illusion,retreat rationalization,self- accusation.The girls' score was significantly higher than boys' on the seeking help and illusion,the urban students were more willing to seek help than the rural students.Psychological stress had a significant linear relationship( P < 0.01) with coping styles.Conclusion:we should improve college students' stress coping styles and to conduct psychological counseling in order to alleviate psychological pressures.
Objective:To study the characteristics of psychological stress and coping styles of college students and the relationship between them.It is expected to reduce stress and improve the ability of psychological adjustment through adjusting the coping way,so as to improve the mental health's levels.Methods:Three hundreds and six college students were surveyed with Psychological Stress Feeling Scale for College Students and Stress- Coping Scale.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS19.0 and Excel.Results:The top five pressures of college students were academic stress,interpersonal stress,family stress,emotional stress and career pressure.The expressions of different psychological stress were significantly different in gender,whether was only- child or not,urban or rural.When under pressure,the trends of students' coping styles were as following:solving problems,seeking help,illusion,retreat rationalization,self- accusation.The girls' score was significantly higher than boys' on the seeking help and illusion,the urban students were more willing to seek help than the rural students.Psychological stress had a significant linear relationship( P < 0.01) with coping styles.Conclusion:we should improve college students' stress coping styles and to conduct psychological counseling in order to alleviate psychological pressures.
引文
[1]李虹,梅锦荣.大学校园压力的类型和特点[J].心理科学,2002,25(4):398-401.
[2]徐长江,钟晨音.浙江省大学生心理压力总体状况与来源的调查研究[J].浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版),2002,27(6):100-104.
[3]刘晓红,李黎,韩瑞珠.大学生心理压力现状及应对措施[J].保健医学研究与实践,2008,7(9):159-162.
[4]王剑,孔繁增,阎凯.医学生心理压力与自杀倾向关系调查[J].首都医科大学学报,2010,31(3):377-380.
[5]郭晓平.当代大学生的心理状况与分析[J].心理研究,2011,4(2):88-94.
[6]竭婧,傅安国,杜杰.海南省大学生心理压力感现状调查研究[J].重庆医学,2015,44(4):502-505.
[7]张林,车文博,黎兵.大学生心理压力感量表编制理论及其信、效度研究[J].心理学探新,2003,23(4):47-51.
[8]汪向东,王希林,马弘,等.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].增订版.北京:中国心理卫生杂志,1999:109-115.
[9]车文博,张林,黄冬梅,等.大学生心理压力感基本特点的调查研究[J].应用心理学,2003,9(3):3-9.
[10]邝嘉宜,吕宣斌,邓慧慧,等.大学生心理压力、应对方式及其关系实证研究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2011,8(4):39-42.
[11]张林,车文博,黎兵.大学生心理压力应对方式特点的研究[J].心理科学,2005,28(1):36-41.
[12]沈威,李荔波.大学生就业压力与应对方式实证研究[J].浙江万里学院学报,2014,27(5):98-101.
[13]张林悦,张烁彬,卢少勇.平衡学生心理压力,促进心理健康教育——大学生心理压力源及压力应对方式调查报告[J].科教文汇,2014,(2月上):185-186.
[14]杨炳丽,葛雪琴,张丽娜.医学生心理压力与应付方式的关系研究[J].中国健康心理学,2012,20(3):400-401.
[2]徐长江,钟晨音.浙江省大学生心理压力总体状况与来源的调查研究[J].浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版),2002,27(6):100-104.
[3]刘晓红,李黎,韩瑞珠.大学生心理压力现状及应对措施[J].保健医学研究与实践,2008,7(9):159-162.
[4]王剑,孔繁增,阎凯.医学生心理压力与自杀倾向关系调查[J].首都医科大学学报,2010,31(3):377-380.
[5]郭晓平.当代大学生的心理状况与分析[J].心理研究,2011,4(2):88-94.
[6]竭婧,傅安国,杜杰.海南省大学生心理压力感现状调查研究[J].重庆医学,2015,44(4):502-505.
[7]张林,车文博,黎兵.大学生心理压力感量表编制理论及其信、效度研究[J].心理学探新,2003,23(4):47-51.
[8]汪向东,王希林,马弘,等.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].增订版.北京:中国心理卫生杂志,1999:109-115.
[9]车文博,张林,黄冬梅,等.大学生心理压力感基本特点的调查研究[J].应用心理学,2003,9(3):3-9.
[10]邝嘉宜,吕宣斌,邓慧慧,等.大学生心理压力、应对方式及其关系实证研究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2011,8(4):39-42.
[11]张林,车文博,黎兵.大学生心理压力应对方式特点的研究[J].心理科学,2005,28(1):36-41.
[12]沈威,李荔波.大学生就业压力与应对方式实证研究[J].浙江万里学院学报,2014,27(5):98-101.
[13]张林悦,张烁彬,卢少勇.平衡学生心理压力,促进心理健康教育——大学生心理压力源及压力应对方式调查报告[J].科教文汇,2014,(2月上):185-186.
[14]杨炳丽,葛雪琴,张丽娜.医学生心理压力与应付方式的关系研究[J].中国健康心理学,2012,20(3):400-401.