鲁西北地区冬小麦春季追肥情况调查
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摘要
为了解鲁西北地区麦田春季追肥现状及存在的问题,在乐陵、阳信2个典型的农业县开展调查。结果表明,乐陵和阳信绝大多数农户施氮、施磷过量。其中乐陵地区过量施氮的农户达49.3%,过量施磷的农户达42.3%;阳信地区过量施氮的农户高达57.6%,过量施磷的农户达74.6%。此外,大多数农户钾肥施用不当。可见,当前农户在肥料施用上还较粗放,过量施肥问题普遍存在,农技推广部门应进一步加强科学施肥知识宣传和推广力度,提高农户科学施肥水平。
In order to understand the current situation and existing problems of wheat field management in the northwest Shandong Province, Shandong Province has carried out investigations in two typical agricultural counties, Laoling and Yangxin. The results showed that the majority of farmers in Laoling and Yangxin applied nitrogen and phosphorus excessively. Among them, the number of farmers who applied excessive nitrogen in the Laoling area was up to 49.3%, and that of the farmers who had excessive phosphorus application was up to 42.3%;the number of farmers who applied excessive nitrogen in the Yangxin area was up to 57.6%, and that of the farmers who had excessive phosphorus application was up to 74.6%. In addition, most farmers that have improper application of potassium fertilizer was unreasonable. It could be seen that the current fertilizer application of farmers was relatively extensive, and the problem of excessive fertilization was widespread. The agricultural technology promotion department should further strengthen the scientific propaganda and promotion of scientific fertilization knowledge and improve the scientific fertilization level of farmers.
In order to understand the current situation and existing problems of wheat field management in the northwest Shandong Province, Shandong Province has carried out investigations in two typical agricultural counties, Laoling and Yangxin. The results showed that the majority of farmers in Laoling and Yangxin applied nitrogen and phosphorus excessively. Among them, the number of farmers who applied excessive nitrogen in the Laoling area was up to 49.3%, and that of the farmers who had excessive phosphorus application was up to 42.3%;the number of farmers who applied excessive nitrogen in the Yangxin area was up to 57.6%, and that of the farmers who had excessive phosphorus application was up to 74.6%. In addition, most farmers that have improper application of potassium fertilizer was unreasonable. It could be seen that the current fertilizer application of farmers was relatively extensive, and the problem of excessive fertilization was widespread. The agricultural technology promotion department should further strengthen the scientific propaganda and promotion of scientific fertilization knowledge and improve the scientific fertilization level of farmers.
引文
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[6] 韩金玲,杨晴,张敏,等.施氮方式对冬小麦品种京冬11籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(6):1107-1110.
[7] 米慧玲,孟庆健,杨玉荣,等.不同苗情下冬小麦氮肥最佳追施时期和追施量[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(10):62-65.
[8] 张福锁,陈新平,陈清,等.中国主要作物施肥指南[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009:10-15.
[9] 陈磊,云鹏,高翔,等.磷肥减施对玉米根系生长及根际土壤磷组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1548-1557.
[10] GUO J H,LIU X J,ZHANG Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J].Science,2010,327(5968):1008-1010.
[11] JU X T,XING G X,CHEN X P,et al.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J].PNAS,2009,106(9):3041-3046.
[2] 董丰超.小麦春季管理技术[J].农民致富之友,2017(15):62.
[3] 曹普英.河南省小麦春季管理技术要点[J].乡村科技,2016(5):19.
[4] WU D R,YU Q,LU C H,et al.Quantifying production potentials of winter wheat in the North China Plain[J].Eur J Agron,2006,24(3):226-235.
[5] 兰林旺,周殿玺.小麦节水高产研究[M].北京:北京农业大学出版杜,1995.
[6] 韩金玲,杨晴,张敏,等.施氮方式对冬小麦品种京冬11籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(6):1107-1110.
[7] 米慧玲,孟庆健,杨玉荣,等.不同苗情下冬小麦氮肥最佳追施时期和追施量[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(10):62-65.
[8] 张福锁,陈新平,陈清,等.中国主要作物施肥指南[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009:10-15.
[9] 陈磊,云鹏,高翔,等.磷肥减施对玉米根系生长及根际土壤磷组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1548-1557.
[10] GUO J H,LIU X J,ZHANG Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J].Science,2010,327(5968):1008-1010.
[11] JU X T,XING G X,CHEN X P,et al.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J].PNAS,2009,106(9):3041-3046.