皮肤外泌汗腺中黑素细胞干细胞及其临床意义
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摘要
黑素细胞干细胞(又称为黑素细胞前体细胞)是一种细胞谱系特异性成体干细胞,在正常生理状态下处于未成熟和休眠状态,但经一定条件(如伤口愈合、基因毒性药物处理和紫外线照射等)的刺激,干细胞可被激活,进行分裂增殖,并分化为成熟的黑素细胞。黑素细胞干细胞又能自我更新,为维持表皮细胞的稳态不断地提供丰富的黑素细胞来源。现有的研究证实黑素细胞干细胞主要分布在毛囊隆突区的外毛根鞘和表皮嵴状突起的顶端。这两群成体干细胞活化被认为参与中波紫外线(UVB)照射后白癜风皮损的成功复色。近年来还发现在无毛皮肤(如掌跖部位)的外泌汗腺(小汗腺)也存在有黑素细胞干细胞,这群黑素细胞干细胞活化或转化可能关系到无毛皮肤白癜风的复色或指(趾)端恶性黑素瘤的发生。该文就近年来对汗腺中的黑素细胞干细胞及其临床意义作一综述。
引文
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[2]Birlea SA,Goldstein NB,Norris DA.Repigmentation through melanocyte regeneration in vitiligo[J].Dermatol Clin,2017,35(2):205-218.
[3]Gan EY,Eleftheriadou V,Esmat S,et al.Repigmentation in vitiligo:position paper of the vitiligo global issues consensus conference(VGICC)[J].Pigment Cell Melanoma Res,2017,30(1):28-40.
[4]Okamoto N,Aoto T,Uhara H,et al.A melanocyte-melanoma precursor niche in sweat glands of volar skin[J].Pigment Cell Melanoma Res,2014,27(6):1039-1050.
[5]Nakamura M,Fukunaga-Kalabis M,Yamaguchi Y,et al.Sitespecific migration of human fetal melanocytes in volar skin[J].JDermatol Sci,2015,78(2):143-148.
[6]Nishimura EK.Melanocyte stem cells:a melanocyte reservoir in hair follicles for hair and skin pigmentation[J].Pigment Cell Melanoma Res,2011,24(3):401-410.
[7]Glover JD,Knolle S,Wells KL,et al.Maintenance of distinct melanocyte populations in the interfollicular epidermis[J].Pigment Cell Melanoma Res,2015,28(4):476-480.
[8]Seleit I,Bakry OA,Abdou AG,et al.Immunohistochemical study of melanocyte melanocyte stem cell lineage in vitiligo;a clue to interfollicular melanocyte stem cell reservoir[J].Ultrastruct Pathol,2014,38(3):186-198.
[9]Adameyko I,Lallemend F,Aquino J,et al.schwann cell precursors from nerve innervation are a cellular origin of melanocytes in skin[J].Cell,2009,139(2):366-379.
[10]Hoerter JD,Bradley P,Casillas A,et al.Extrafollicular dermal melanocyte stem cells and melanoma[J].Stem Cells Int,2012,2012:407079.
[11]Davids LM,Toit ED,Kidson SH,et al.A rare repigmentation pattern in a vitiligo patient:a clue to an epidermal stem-cell reservoir of melanocytes?[J].Clin Exp Dermatol,2009,34(2):246-248.
[12]Gan EY,Gahat T,Cario-AndréM,et al.Clinical repigmentation patterns in paediatric vitiligo[J].Br J Dermatol,2016,175(3):555-560.
[13]Makino T,Yanagihara M,Oiso N,et al.Repigmentation of the epidermis around the acrosyringium in piebald skin:an ultrastructural examination[J].Br J Dermatol,2013,168(4):910-912.
[14]Zembowicz A,Kafanas A.Syringotropic melanoma:a variant of melanoma with prominent involvement of eccrine apparatus and risk of deep dermal invasion[J].Am J Dermatopathol,2012,34(2):151-156.
[15]Menis D,Maro觡asjimenez L,Rodríguezperalto J,et al.Two Spanish cases of atypical melanosis of the foot,an early stage of acral lentiginous melanoma in situ[J].Br J Dermatol,2015,172(5):1436-1438.
[16]Wei CC,Takeo M,Rabbani P,et al.Direct migration of follicular melanocyte stem cells to the epidermis after wounding or UVB irradiation is dependent on Mc1r signaling[J].Nat Med,2013,19(7):924-929.
[17]Li A.The biology of melanocyte and melanocyte stem cell[J].Acta Biochim Biophys Sin,2014,46(4):255-260.
[18]Inomata K,Aoto T,Binh NT,et al.Genotoxic stress abrogates renewal of melanocyte stem cells by triggering their differentiation[J].Cell,2009,137(6):1088-1099.