基于谈判博弈的含高渗透率光伏微网不确定优化运行
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摘要
随着分布式光伏的发展,其在微网内的渗透率逐年提升,进而导致微网运行的不确定性和光伏消纳的难度日益增大。文中针对含高渗透率光伏的交直流混合微网内的不确定因素,建立了交直流混合微网不确定优化运行模型,其中目标函数采用期望值模型,以获得较高的长期收益,约束条件采用机会约束模型,保证约束成立的置信度。同时,针对微网运营商与用户自建光伏的博弈问题,采用谈判博弈模型以平衡双方利益诉求。根据上述方法提出基于谈判博弈的含高渗透率光伏微网不确定优化运行模型,并将其转化为单目标确定性可微非线性优化模型进行求解。最后,通过算例仿真计算验证该模型及求解方法的有效性和可行性。
With the development of distributed photovoltaic(PV), its penetration rate in the microgrid has increased year by year, which leads to the uncertainty of microgrid operation and the increasing difficulty of PV consumption. Aiming at the uncertain factors in the hybrid AC/DC microgrid with high penetration of PV, this paper develops an optimal operation model for hybrid AC/DC microgrid considering uncertainty. The objective function is built based on the expected value model to obtain higher long-term profits. The chance constrained model is adopted to guarantee the confidence level of constraint condition. At the same time, to solve the game problem between the microgrid operators and the self-consumed PV, the bargain game model is used to balance the interests of the two stakeholders. And then this paper proposes a bargain game based optimal operation model of microgrid with high penetration of PV considering uncertainty. The proposed model is transformed into a deterministic differentiable nonlinear optimization model with a single objective function. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the model and the solving method are verified by the results of a case study.
With the development of distributed photovoltaic(PV), its penetration rate in the microgrid has increased year by year, which leads to the uncertainty of microgrid operation and the increasing difficulty of PV consumption. Aiming at the uncertain factors in the hybrid AC/DC microgrid with high penetration of PV, this paper develops an optimal operation model for hybrid AC/DC microgrid considering uncertainty. The objective function is built based on the expected value model to obtain higher long-term profits. The chance constrained model is adopted to guarantee the confidence level of constraint condition. At the same time, to solve the game problem between the microgrid operators and the self-consumed PV, the bargain game model is used to balance the interests of the two stakeholders. And then this paper proposes a bargain game based optimal operation model of microgrid with high penetration of PV considering uncertainty. The proposed model is transformed into a deterministic differentiable nonlinear optimization model with a single objective function. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the model and the solving method are verified by the results of a case study.
引文
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[15] 王晶,王宗礼,陈骏宇,等.基于萤火虫优化算法的微网源-荷博弈模型及分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(21):7-12.WANG Jing,WANG Zongli,CHEN Junyu,et al.A game model for DGs-Loads in microgrid based on firefly algorithm and its analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(21):7-12.
[16] 杨晓东,张有兵,任帅杰,等.含高渗透率光伏发电并网型微网中的电动汽车优化调度方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):15-23.YANG Xiaodong,ZHANG Youbing,REN Shuaijie,et al.Optimal scheduling scheme of electric vehicles in grid-connected microgrid with high penetration photovoltaic power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):15-23.
[17] ZHANG Chun,WU Wei,HUANG Hantao,et al.Fair energy resource allocation by minority game algorithm for smart buildings[C]// Design,Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE),March 12-16,2012,Dresden,Germany:63-68.
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[19] LI Peng,XU Duo,ZHOU Zeyuan,et al.Stochastic optimal operation of microgrid based on chaotic binary particle swarm optimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):66-73.
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[21] 罗超,杨军,孙元章,等.考虑备用容量优化分配的含风电电力系统动态经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6109-6118.LUO Chao,YANG Jun,SUN Yuanzhang,et al.Dynamic economic dispatch of wind integrated power system considering optimal scheduling of reserve capacity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6109-6118.
[22] WEI Wei,LIU Feng,MEI Shengwei.Nash bargain and complementarity approach based environmental/economic dispatch[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1548-1549.
[23] LOFBERG J Y.A toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB[C]// IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,September 2-4,2004,New Orleans,USA:284-289.
[24] 许佳佳,张敏,是晨光,等.电网友好型微网经济运行分析[J].陕西电力,2016,44(1):56-59.XU Jiajia,ZHANG Min,SHI Chenguang,et al.Analysis on grid-friendly based microgrid economic operation[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2016,44(1):56-59.
[2] LI Peng,YU Xiaomeng,ZHANG Jing,et al.The H∞ control method of grid-tied photovoltaic generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(4):1670-1677.
[3] LI P,WANG X,LEE W J,et al.Dynamic power conditioning method of microgrid via adaptive inverse control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(2):906-913.
[4] LASSETER R H.Microgrids[C]// IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,January 27-31,2002,New York,USA:305-308.
[5] 丁明,楚明娟,潘浩,等.交直流混合微电网运行优化建模与不确定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):1-7.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160531012.DING Ming,CHU Mingjuan,PAN Hao,et al.Operation optimization modeling and uncertainty analysis for hybrid AC/DC microgrids[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):1-7.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160531012.
[6] 邱海峰,赵波,林达,等.计及储能损耗和换流成本的交直流混合微网区域协调调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(23):29-37.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161213012.QIU Haifeng,ZHAO Bo,LIN Da,et al.Regional coordinated dispatch in AC/DC hybrid microgrids considering energy storage loss and converter cost[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(23):29-37.DOI:10.7500/AEPS 20161213012.
[7] 王守相,王栋,韩亮.考虑不确定性的微网日前经济优化调度区间线性规划方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(24):5-11.WANG Shouxiang,WANG Dong,HAN Liang.Interval linear programming method for day-ahead optimal economic dispatching of microgrid considering uncertainty[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(24):5-11.
[8] LI Peng,HAN Pengfei,HE Shuai,et al.Double-uncertainty optimal operation of hybrid AC/DC microgrids with high proportion of intermittent energy sources[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2017,5(6):838-849.
[9] 熊虎,向铁元,陈红坤,等.含大规模间歇式电源的模糊机会约束机组组合研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(13):36-44.XIONG Hu,XIANG Tieyuan,CHEN Hongkun,et al.Research of fuzzy chance constrained unit commitment containing large-scale intermittent power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(13):36-44.
[10] 王锐,顾伟,吴志.含可再生能源的热电联供型微网经济运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(8):22-27.WANG Rui,GU Wei,WU Zhi.Economic and optimal operation of a combined heat and power microgrid with renewable energy resources[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(8):22-27.
[11] 刘方,杨秀,时珊珊,等.基于序列运算的微网经济优化调度[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(20):227-237.LIU Fang,YANG Xiu,SHI Shanshan,et al.Economic operation of micro-grid based on sequence operation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(20):227-237.
[12] 陈皓勇,王勇超,禤培正,等.含高渗透率风电的微网系统鲁棒经济调度方法[J].控制理论与应用,2017,34(8):1104-1111.CHEN Haoyong,WANG Yongchao,XUAN Peizheng,et al.Robust economic dispatch method of microgrid containing high proportion of wind power[J].Control Theory & Applications,2017,34(8):1104-1111.
[13] 卢强,陈来军,梅生伟.博弈论在电力系统中典型应用及若干展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5009-5017.LU Qiang,CHEN Laijun,MEI Shengwei.Typical applications and prospects of game theory in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5009-5017.
[14] 李晨迪,陈渊睿,曾君,等.基于非合作博弈的微电网能量管理系统优化算法[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):387-395.LI Chendi,CHEN Yuanrui,ZENG Jun,et al.Research on optimization algorithm of microgrid energy management system based on non-cooperative game theory[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):387-395.
[15] 王晶,王宗礼,陈骏宇,等.基于萤火虫优化算法的微网源-荷博弈模型及分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(21):7-12.WANG Jing,WANG Zongli,CHEN Junyu,et al.A game model for DGs-Loads in microgrid based on firefly algorithm and its analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(21):7-12.
[16] 杨晓东,张有兵,任帅杰,等.含高渗透率光伏发电并网型微网中的电动汽车优化调度方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):15-23.YANG Xiaodong,ZHANG Youbing,REN Shuaijie,et al.Optimal scheduling scheme of electric vehicles in grid-connected microgrid with high penetration photovoltaic power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):15-23.
[17] ZHANG Chun,WU Wei,HUANG Hantao,et al.Fair energy resource allocation by minority game algorithm for smart buildings[C]// Design,Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE),March 12-16,2012,Dresden,Germany:63-68.
[18] 康重庆,夏清,徐玮.电力系统不确定性分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.KANG Chongqing,XIA Qing,XU Wei.Uncertainty analysis of power system[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[19] LI Peng,XU Duo,ZHOU Zeyuan,et al.Stochastic optimal operation of microgrid based on chaotic binary particle swarm optimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):66-73.
[20] NASH JR J F.The bargaining problem[J].Econometrica,1950,18(2):155-162.
[21] 罗超,杨军,孙元章,等.考虑备用容量优化分配的含风电电力系统动态经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6109-6118.LUO Chao,YANG Jun,SUN Yuanzhang,et al.Dynamic economic dispatch of wind integrated power system considering optimal scheduling of reserve capacity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6109-6118.
[22] WEI Wei,LIU Feng,MEI Shengwei.Nash bargain and complementarity approach based environmental/economic dispatch[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1548-1549.
[23] LOFBERG J Y.A toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB[C]// IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,September 2-4,2004,New Orleans,USA:284-289.
[24] 许佳佳,张敏,是晨光,等.电网友好型微网经济运行分析[J].陕西电力,2016,44(1):56-59.XU Jiajia,ZHANG Min,SHI Chenguang,et al.Analysis on grid-friendly based microgrid economic operation[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2016,44(1):56-59.