基于多回路理论的交流励磁电机定子绕组内部故障仿真与实验研究
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摘要
交流励磁电机能实现变速恒频发电,适用于变速抽水蓄能机组,研究其内部故障特点与传统直流励磁同步电机的区别具有理论意义与实用价值。该文应用多回路理论分析交流励磁电机的定子绕组内部故障,首先建立交流励磁电机的多回路数学模型,实现对故障的暂态仿真;在12kW交流励磁样机上进行单机空载和单机带电阻负载2种不同工况下,不同短路类型的定子绕组内部故障实验,实验和仿真的对比验证数学模型的正确性。根据仿真和实验分析交流励磁样机定子绕组内部故障时的特征,即定子侧不产生新的频率分量,而转子绕组中出现反转基波磁场引起的负序电流。该文的研究为交流励磁电机内部故障主保护方案的设计奠定了理论基础。
AC excitation machine can realize variable-speed constant-frequency power generation, and is suitable for variable speed pumped storage units. It has theoretical significance and practical value to study the difference between its internal fault characteristics and traditional DC excitation synchronous machines. This paper used multi-loop theory to analyze stator winding internal fault of AC excitation machine. First, the multi-loop model of AC excitation machine was established. Then, thorough experiments were carried out on a 12 k W AC excitation prototype, including various types of stator winding internal faults under two different working conditions, correctness of the mathematical model was verified by the comparison between experiment and simulation. The characteristics of stator winding internal faults in AC excitation prototype are analyzed according to simulation and experiment: there is not new frequency component in the stator windings, but there appears negative sequence current caused by reverse fundamental magnetic field in the rotor windings. The research lays a theoretical foundation for the design of the internal fault main protection scheme of AC excitation machine.
AC excitation machine can realize variable-speed constant-frequency power generation, and is suitable for variable speed pumped storage units. It has theoretical significance and practical value to study the difference between its internal fault characteristics and traditional DC excitation synchronous machines. This paper used multi-loop theory to analyze stator winding internal fault of AC excitation machine. First, the multi-loop model of AC excitation machine was established. Then, thorough experiments were carried out on a 12 k W AC excitation prototype, including various types of stator winding internal faults under two different working conditions, correctness of the mathematical model was verified by the comparison between experiment and simulation. The characteristics of stator winding internal faults in AC excitation prototype are analyzed according to simulation and experiment: there is not new frequency component in the stator windings, but there appears negative sequence current caused by reverse fundamental magnetic field in the rotor windings. The research lays a theoretical foundation for the design of the internal fault main protection scheme of AC excitation machine.
引文
[1]赵政.抽水蓄能电站发电电动机国产化[J].大电机技术,2010(1):5-9,18.Zhao Zheng.Home-made motor-generator for pumped storage power station[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,2010(1):5-9,18(in Chinese).
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[9]魏书荣,张路,符杨,等.基于派克矢量轨迹椭圆度的海上双馈电机定子绕组匝间短路早期故障辨识[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(10):3001-3009.Wei Shurong,Zhang Lu,Fu Yang,et al.Early fault detection based on the Park’s vector locus ovality for inter-turn faults in stator windings of the offshore wind DFIG[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(10):3001-3009(in Chinese).
[10]Watson S J,Xiang B J,Yang W X,et al.Condition monitoring of the power output of wind turbine generators using wavelets[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2010,25(3):715-721.
[11]Stefani A,Yazidi A,Rossi C,et al.Doubly fed induction machines diagnosis based on signature analysis of rotor modulating signals[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(6):1711-1721.
[12]Al-Ahmar E,Benbouzid M E H,Amirat Y,et al.DFIG-based wind turbine fault diagnosis using a specific discrete wavelet transform[C]//2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines.Vilamoura,Portugal:IEEE,2008:1-6.
[13]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.Gao Jingde,Wang Xiangheng,Li Fahai.Analysis of ACelectrical machine systems[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005(in Chinese).
[14]欧阳蓓.凸极同步发电机定子绕组内部故障瞬态的研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.Ouyang Bei.Transient analysis of internal faults in stator windings of salient pole synchronous generator[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999(in Chinese).
[15]陈松林.汽轮发电机定子绕组内部故障分析及其保护方案的研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.Chen Songlin.Analysis of stator winding internal faults of turbo generator and study of protection schemes[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999(in Chinese).
[16]孙宇光,郝亮亮,王祥珩,等.隐极同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路的多回路电感参数计算[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(13):55-60.Sun Yuguang,Hao Liangliang,Wang Xiangheng,et al.Calculation of the Multi-loop inductances for inter-turn short circuits of field windings in non-salient pole synchronous machines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(13):55-60(in Chinese).
[17]郝亮亮,孙宇光,邱阿瑞,等.同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障稳态数学模型及仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(18):51-56.Hao Liangliang,Sun Yuguang,Qiu Arui,et al.Steady-state mathematical modeling and simulation of inter-turn short circuit of field windings in synchronous machines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(18):51-56(in Chinese).
[18]郝亮亮,孙宇光,邱阿瑞,等.定子绕组形式对同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路稳态电流特征的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(30):61-68.Hao Liangliang,Sun Yuguang,Qiu Arui,et al.Effects of stator winding configurations on steady-state currents characteristics of synchronous generator with inter-turn short circuits of field windings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(30):61-68(in Chinese).
[19]孙宇光,郝亮亮,王祥珩.同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路时的稳态电流谐波特征研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(33):51-57.Sun Yuguang,Hao Liangliang,Wang Xiangheng.Analysis and optimization of mutual inductance forinductively coupled power transfer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(33):51-57(in Chinese).
[20]张宇阳,王祥珩.交流励磁发电机系统的动态性能分析[J].电工电能新技术,2002,21(4):41-45.Zhang Yuyang,Wang Xiangheng.Analysis of dynamic state of AC-excited generator system[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2002,21(4):41-45(in Chinese).
[2]Deksnys R P,Ali?auskas D.Transient processes and dynamic of variable speed pump storage unit[J].Oil Shale,2013,30(2S):244-256.
[3]Takano M.Contribution of adjustable speed pumped storage system to power system operation[J].Turbomachinery,2011,39(7):398-403.
[4]The Kansai Electric Power Co.Ltd.Upgrade from the fixed speed to adjustable speed(Okutataragi Pumped storage power plant)[C]//CIGRE,2016,A1-104.
[5]Bocquel A,Janning J.Analysis of a 300MW variable speed drive for pump-storage plant applications[C]//2005European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Dresden,Germany:IEEE,2005.
[6]许伯强,张舒怡.定子故障下的双馈风力发电机组建模与稳定性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(9):93-99.Xu Boqiang,Zhang Shuyi.Modeling and stability analysis of DFIG with stator fault[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(9):93-99(in Chinese).
[7]钱雅云,马宏忠.双馈异步电机故障诊断方法综述[J].大电机技术,2011(5):5-8.Qian Yayun,Ma Hongzhong.A survey of fault diagnosis method for doubly-fed induction motor[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,2011(5):5-8(in Chinese).
[8]马宏忠,时维俊,韩敬东,等.计及转子变换器控制策略的双馈风力发电机转子绕组故障诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(18):119-125.Ma Hongzhong,Shi Weijun,Han Jingdong,et al.Doubly-fed induction generator rotor fault diagnosis considering control strategies of rotor-side converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(18):119-125(in Chinese).
[9]魏书荣,张路,符杨,等.基于派克矢量轨迹椭圆度的海上双馈电机定子绕组匝间短路早期故障辨识[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(10):3001-3009.Wei Shurong,Zhang Lu,Fu Yang,et al.Early fault detection based on the Park’s vector locus ovality for inter-turn faults in stator windings of the offshore wind DFIG[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(10):3001-3009(in Chinese).
[10]Watson S J,Xiang B J,Yang W X,et al.Condition monitoring of the power output of wind turbine generators using wavelets[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2010,25(3):715-721.
[11]Stefani A,Yazidi A,Rossi C,et al.Doubly fed induction machines diagnosis based on signature analysis of rotor modulating signals[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(6):1711-1721.
[12]Al-Ahmar E,Benbouzid M E H,Amirat Y,et al.DFIG-based wind turbine fault diagnosis using a specific discrete wavelet transform[C]//2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines.Vilamoura,Portugal:IEEE,2008:1-6.
[13]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.Gao Jingde,Wang Xiangheng,Li Fahai.Analysis of ACelectrical machine systems[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005(in Chinese).
[14]欧阳蓓.凸极同步发电机定子绕组内部故障瞬态的研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.Ouyang Bei.Transient analysis of internal faults in stator windings of salient pole synchronous generator[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999(in Chinese).
[15]陈松林.汽轮发电机定子绕组内部故障分析及其保护方案的研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.Chen Songlin.Analysis of stator winding internal faults of turbo generator and study of protection schemes[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999(in Chinese).
[16]孙宇光,郝亮亮,王祥珩,等.隐极同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路的多回路电感参数计算[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(13):55-60.Sun Yuguang,Hao Liangliang,Wang Xiangheng,et al.Calculation of the Multi-loop inductances for inter-turn short circuits of field windings in non-salient pole synchronous machines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(13):55-60(in Chinese).
[17]郝亮亮,孙宇光,邱阿瑞,等.同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障稳态数学模型及仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(18):51-56.Hao Liangliang,Sun Yuguang,Qiu Arui,et al.Steady-state mathematical modeling and simulation of inter-turn short circuit of field windings in synchronous machines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(18):51-56(in Chinese).
[18]郝亮亮,孙宇光,邱阿瑞,等.定子绕组形式对同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路稳态电流特征的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(30):61-68.Hao Liangliang,Sun Yuguang,Qiu Arui,et al.Effects of stator winding configurations on steady-state currents characteristics of synchronous generator with inter-turn short circuits of field windings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(30):61-68(in Chinese).
[19]孙宇光,郝亮亮,王祥珩.同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路时的稳态电流谐波特征研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(33):51-57.Sun Yuguang,Hao Liangliang,Wang Xiangheng.Analysis and optimization of mutual inductance forinductively coupled power transfer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(33):51-57(in Chinese).
[20]张宇阳,王祥珩.交流励磁发电机系统的动态性能分析[J].电工电能新技术,2002,21(4):41-45.Zhang Yuyang,Wang Xiangheng.Analysis of dynamic state of AC-excited generator system[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2002,21(4):41-45(in Chinese).