近56a蒙古高原草原地上净初级生产力变化
|
摘要
草原生产力及其对气候变化的响应是全球变化研究的热点。利用ArcGIS插值技术,将蒙古高原32个气象站点数据插值成1°×1°的格点数据,然后利用CENTURY模型模拟了蒙古高原1961—2016年草原地上净初级生产力(ANPP)时空分布特征。结果表明:(1) CENTURY模型模拟的蒙古高原草原ANPP时空分布能够很好地反映该区域草原生产力的变化,草原ANPP分布由北向南,由东向西逐渐减少。(2)草甸草原和典型草原单产均呈波动下降趋势,草甸草原下降速率较大,荒漠草原单产呈波动上升趋势,草原总产以典型草原最大,荒漠草原面积虽然最大,但总产最低。(3)降水对草原生产力起主导作用,湿期会有荒漠草原→典型草原→草甸草原的转化,而干期的转化过程正好相反。从暖湿期→冷干期转换时,蒙古草原总产下降幅度最大,相反,则增产幅度最大。
Study of the grassland productivity and its response to the climate change has been an important aspect of the global change research.By using the ArcGIS interpolation technique,the observed data from 32 meteorological stations in the Mongolian Plateau are interpolated into the 1°×1° grid data,and then the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the above ground net primary productivity(ANPP) of the vegetation over the Mongolian Plateau from 1961 to 2016 are simulated by the CENTURY model.The results are shown as follows:(1) The spatial and temporal distribution of the ANPP simulated by the CENTURY model can well reflect the change of the grassland productivity in the Mongolian prairie,and the distribution of the ANPP in grasslands changed from north to south gradually from east to west.(2) The yields of meadow steppe and typical steppe are decreasing over time and the decrease rate of meadow steppe is higher,and the yields of desert steppe is rising over time.The largest total yields are in the typical steppe,and the lowest total yields are in the desert steppe which has the largest area.(3)The precipitation is the key factor for the grassland productivity.In the wet-period,there exists the transformation of desert steppe→typical steppe→meadow steppe,while the process of dry-period conversion is the opposite.The total yields of Mongolian steppe have the largest decrease when it is changed from the warm-wet period to the dry-cold period. In contrast,the total yields have the largest increase when it changed from dry-cold to warm-wet.
Study of the grassland productivity and its response to the climate change has been an important aspect of the global change research.By using the ArcGIS interpolation technique,the observed data from 32 meteorological stations in the Mongolian Plateau are interpolated into the 1°×1° grid data,and then the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the above ground net primary productivity(ANPP) of the vegetation over the Mongolian Plateau from 1961 to 2016 are simulated by the CENTURY model.The results are shown as follows:(1) The spatial and temporal distribution of the ANPP simulated by the CENTURY model can well reflect the change of the grassland productivity in the Mongolian prairie,and the distribution of the ANPP in grasslands changed from north to south gradually from east to west.(2) The yields of meadow steppe and typical steppe are decreasing over time and the decrease rate of meadow steppe is higher,and the yields of desert steppe is rising over time.The largest total yields are in the typical steppe,and the lowest total yields are in the desert steppe which has the largest area.(3)The precipitation is the key factor for the grassland productivity.In the wet-period,there exists the transformation of desert steppe→typical steppe→meadow steppe,while the process of dry-period conversion is the opposite.The total yields of Mongolian steppe have the largest decrease when it is changed from the warm-wet period to the dry-cold period. In contrast,the total yields have the largest increase when it changed from dry-cold to warm-wet.
引文
[1] 周锡饮,师华定,王秀茹.气候变化和人类活动对蒙古高原植被覆盖变化的影响[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):604-610.[ZHOU Xiyin,SHI Huading,WANG Xiuru.Impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation coverage in the Mongolian Plateau[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(4):604-610.]
[2] 胡海清,魏书精,孙龙,等.气候变化、火干扰与生态系统碳循环[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):57-75.[HU Haiqing,WEI Shujing,SUN Long,et al.Interaction among climate change,fire disturbance and ecosystem carbon cycle[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(1):57-75.]
[3] 气候变化国家评估报告编写委员会.气候变化国家评估报告(精)[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:221-227.[Committee of “China’s national assessment report on climate change”.China’s national assessment report on climate change[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:221-227.]
[4] 张存厚,王明玖,乌兰巴特尔,等.内蒙古典型草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(6):1229-1237.[ZHANG Cunhou,WANG Mingjiu,Wulanbater,et al.Responses of ANPP to climate change in Inner Mongolia typical steppe a simulation study[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2012,32(6):1229-1237.]
[5] LIETH H.Modeling the primary productivity of the world[M]//Primary productivity of the biosphere.Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,1975:237-263.
[6] LI Changsheng,NARAYANAN V,HARRISS R C.Model estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural lands in the United States[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1996,10(2):297-306.
[7] COLEMAN K,JENLINSON D S.RothC-26.3:A model for the turnover of carbon in soil[M]//Evaluation of soil organic matter models.Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,1996:237-246.
[8] PARTON W J,SCURLOCK J M O,OJIMA D S,et al.Observation and modeling of biomass and soil organic matter dynamics for the grassland biome worldwide[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1993,74(4):785-809.
[9] PARTON W J,SCURLOCK J M O,OJIMA D S,et al.Impact of climate change on grassland production and soil carbon worldwide[J].Global Change Biology,1995,1(1):13-22.
[10] XIAO Xiangming,WANG Yifeng,CHEN Zuozhong.Dynamics of primary productivity and soil organic matter of typical steppe in the Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia and their response to climate change[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1996,38(8):45-52.
[11] GILMANOV T G,PARTON W J,OJIMA D S.Testing the ‘CENTURY’ ecosystem level model on data sets from eight grassland sites in the former USSR representing a wide climatic/soil gradient[J].Ecological Modelling,1997,96(1-3):191-210.
[12] 莫志鸿,李玉娥,高清竹.主要草原生态系统生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(4):545-554.[MO Zhihong,LI Yu’e,GAO Qingzhu.Simulation on productivity of main grassland ecosystems responding to climate change[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2012,33(4):545-554.]
[13] 孙小龙,李平,张存厚,等.镶黄旗典型草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(5):103-108.[SUN Xiaolong,LI Ping,ZHANG Cunhou,et al.Responses of aboveground net primary productivity in typical steppe to climate change in Xianghuang Banner[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2015,37(5):103-108.]
[14] 张存厚,王明玖,张立,等.呼伦贝尔草甸草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):41-50.[ZHANG Cunhou,WANG Mingjiu,ZHANG Li,et al.Responses of meadow steppe ANPP to climate change in Hulunbeir:A simulation study[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):41-50.]
[15] 张存厚,王明玖,赵杏花,等.基于CENTURY模型的荒漠草原ANPP对气候变化响应的模拟[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2849-2857.[ZHANG Cunhou,WANG Mingjiu,ZHAO Xinghua,et al.Simulation of ANPP in response to climate change in China’s desert steppe based on CENTURY model[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(10):2849-2857.]
[16] 张存厚.内蒙古草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.[ZHANG Cunhou.Responses of ANPP to climate change in Inner Mongolia grassland:A simulation based on CENTURY model[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2013.]
[17] 陈辰,王靖,潘学标,等.CENTURY模型在内蒙古草地生态系统的适用性评价[J].草地学报,2012,20(6):1011-1019.[CHEN Chen,WANG Jing,PAN Xuebiao,et al.Validation and adaptability evaluation of grass ecosystem model CENTURY in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(6):1011-1019.]
[18] 郭灵辉,郝成元,吴绍洪,等.内蒙古草地NPP变化特征及其对气候变化敏感性的CENTURY模拟研究[J].地理研究,2016,35(2):271-284.[GUO Linghui,HAO Chengyuan,WU Shaohong.Analysis of changes in net primary productivity and its susceptibility to climate change of Inner Mongolia grasslands using the CENTURY model[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(2):271-284.]
[19] 陆丹丹.基于CENTURY模型的内蒙古荒漠草原区ANPP及其对气候变化的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2016.[LU Dandan.Observations and modeling of ANPP dynamics for desert steppe in Inner Mongolia and its responses to global climate change based on CENTURY model[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2016.]
[20] 包萨茹.基于CENTURY模型的呼伦贝尔草原ANPP估算及其对气候变化的响应研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2016.[BAO Saru.Modeling dynamics of ANPP by using CENTURY model and its responses to climate change in Hulun Buir Inner Mongolia[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2016.]
[21] 周锡饮,师华定,王秀茹,等.蒙古高原近30年来土地利用变化时空特征与动因分析[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(6):1102-1110.[ZHOU Xiyin,SHI Huading,WANG Xiuru,et al.Study on the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of land use and driving forces analysis of Mongolia Plateau in recent 30 years[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2012,24(6):1102-1110.]
[22] 陈奕兆,李建龙,孙政国,等.欧亚大陆草原带1982—2008年间净初级生产力时空动态及其对气候变化响应研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(1):1-12.[CHEN Yizhao,LI Jianlong,SUN Zhengguo,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamics of grassland net primary productivity and its response to climate change in the temperate Eurasian steppe 1982-2008[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(1):1-12.]
[23] 焦翠翠,于贵瑞,何念鹏,等.欧亚大陆草原地上生物量的空间格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].地理学报,2016,71(5):781-796.[JIAO Cuicui,YU Guirui,HE nianpeng,et al.The spatial pattern of grassland aboveground biomass and its environmental controls in the Eurasian steppe[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(5):781-796.]
[24] 郭学斌.蒙古草原现状及生态环境保护—蒙古草原生态环境调研[J].山西林业科技,2005,(1):17-19.[GUO Xuebin.Cuurent situation of Mongolia grassland and protection of ecological environment:A survey and research on ecological environment in Mongolia grassland[J].Shanxi Forestry Science And Technology,2005,(1):17-19.]
[25] 苏和,塔娜.内蒙古镶黄旗草原生态环境退化原因及可持续发展[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(1):113-116.[SU He,TA Na.Discussion on the sustainable development and reasons of grassland ecological environment degradation in Xianghuangqi of Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2007,29(1):113-116.]
[26] 张韵婕,桂朝,刘庆生,等.基于遥感和气象数据的蒙古高原1982—2013年植被动态变化分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2016,31(5):1022-1030.[ZHANG Yunjie,GUI Zhao,LIU Qingsheng,et al.The analysis of the dynamic changes from 1982 to 2013 in the Mongolian Plateau based on satellite imageries and meteorological data[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2016,31(5):1022-1030.]
[27] 张雪艳,胡云锋,庄大方,等.蒙古高原NDVI的空间格局及空间分异[J].地理研究,2009,28(1):10-18.[ZHANG Xueyan,HU Yunfeng,ZHUANG Dafang,et al.The spatial pattern and differentiation of NDVI in Mongolian Plateau[J].Geographical Research,2009,28(1):10-18.]
[28] ZHANG Xueyan,HU Yunfeng,ZHUANG Dafang,et al.NDVI spatial pattern and its differentiation on the Mongolian Plateau[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,19(4):403-415.
[29] 李一凡,王卷乐,祝俊祥.基于地理分区的蒙古国景观格局分析[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(4):817-827.[LI Yifan,WANG Juanle,ZHU Junxiang,Landscape pattern analysis of Mongolia based on the geographical partitions[J].Arid Land Geography,2016,39(4):817-827.]
[30] MIAO Lijuan,LUAN Yibo,LUO Xiangzhong,et al.Analysis of the phenology in the Mongolian Plateau by inter-comparison of Global Vegetation Datasets[J].Remote Sensing,2013,5(10):5193-5208.
[31] KIRSCHBAUM M U F,PAUL K I.Modeling C and N dynamics in forest soils with a modified version of the CENTURY model[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34(3):341-354.
[32] PARTON W J,MCKEOWN B,KIRCHNER V,et al.CENTURY user’s manual[M].Colorado:California State University,Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory,1992.
[33] 李香真,曲秋皓.蒙古高原草原土壤微生物量碳氮特征[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):97-104.[LI Xiangzhen,QU Qiuhao.Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Mongolian Grassland[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2002,39(1):97-104.]
[34] 侯晓东.蒙古高原不同草原区土壤因子及根茎禾草生长发育状况的比较研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.[HOU Xiaodong.Study on the comparison of soil factor and the growth development of rhizomatous grasses on the differ steppe area in Mongolia altiplano[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007.]
[35] 春兰.不同利用方式下土壤特性及植被群落特征对比研究——以蒙古高原典型草原为例[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.[CHUN Lan.The comparative study on soil characteristics and the characteristics of plant communities under different patterns of uses:A case of Mongolian altiplano typical steppe[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009.]
[2] 胡海清,魏书精,孙龙,等.气候变化、火干扰与生态系统碳循环[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):57-75.[HU Haiqing,WEI Shujing,SUN Long,et al.Interaction among climate change,fire disturbance and ecosystem carbon cycle[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(1):57-75.]
[3] 气候变化国家评估报告编写委员会.气候变化国家评估报告(精)[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:221-227.[Committee of “China’s national assessment report on climate change”.China’s national assessment report on climate change[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:221-227.]
[4] 张存厚,王明玖,乌兰巴特尔,等.内蒙古典型草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(6):1229-1237.[ZHANG Cunhou,WANG Mingjiu,Wulanbater,et al.Responses of ANPP to climate change in Inner Mongolia typical steppe a simulation study[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2012,32(6):1229-1237.]
[5] LIETH H.Modeling the primary productivity of the world[M]//Primary productivity of the biosphere.Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,1975:237-263.
[6] LI Changsheng,NARAYANAN V,HARRISS R C.Model estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural lands in the United States[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1996,10(2):297-306.
[7] COLEMAN K,JENLINSON D S.RothC-26.3:A model for the turnover of carbon in soil[M]//Evaluation of soil organic matter models.Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,1996:237-246.
[8] PARTON W J,SCURLOCK J M O,OJIMA D S,et al.Observation and modeling of biomass and soil organic matter dynamics for the grassland biome worldwide[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1993,74(4):785-809.
[9] PARTON W J,SCURLOCK J M O,OJIMA D S,et al.Impact of climate change on grassland production and soil carbon worldwide[J].Global Change Biology,1995,1(1):13-22.
[10] XIAO Xiangming,WANG Yifeng,CHEN Zuozhong.Dynamics of primary productivity and soil organic matter of typical steppe in the Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia and their response to climate change[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1996,38(8):45-52.
[11] GILMANOV T G,PARTON W J,OJIMA D S.Testing the ‘CENTURY’ ecosystem level model on data sets from eight grassland sites in the former USSR representing a wide climatic/soil gradient[J].Ecological Modelling,1997,96(1-3):191-210.
[12] 莫志鸿,李玉娥,高清竹.主要草原生态系统生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(4):545-554.[MO Zhihong,LI Yu’e,GAO Qingzhu.Simulation on productivity of main grassland ecosystems responding to climate change[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2012,33(4):545-554.]
[13] 孙小龙,李平,张存厚,等.镶黄旗典型草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(5):103-108.[SUN Xiaolong,LI Ping,ZHANG Cunhou,et al.Responses of aboveground net primary productivity in typical steppe to climate change in Xianghuang Banner[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2015,37(5):103-108.]
[14] 张存厚,王明玖,张立,等.呼伦贝尔草甸草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):41-50.[ZHANG Cunhou,WANG Mingjiu,ZHANG Li,et al.Responses of meadow steppe ANPP to climate change in Hulunbeir:A simulation study[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):41-50.]
[15] 张存厚,王明玖,赵杏花,等.基于CENTURY模型的荒漠草原ANPP对气候变化响应的模拟[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2849-2857.[ZHANG Cunhou,WANG Mingjiu,ZHAO Xinghua,et al.Simulation of ANPP in response to climate change in China’s desert steppe based on CENTURY model[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(10):2849-2857.]
[16] 张存厚.内蒙古草原地上净初级生产力对气候变化响应的模拟[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.[ZHANG Cunhou.Responses of ANPP to climate change in Inner Mongolia grassland:A simulation based on CENTURY model[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2013.]
[17] 陈辰,王靖,潘学标,等.CENTURY模型在内蒙古草地生态系统的适用性评价[J].草地学报,2012,20(6):1011-1019.[CHEN Chen,WANG Jing,PAN Xuebiao,et al.Validation and adaptability evaluation of grass ecosystem model CENTURY in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(6):1011-1019.]
[18] 郭灵辉,郝成元,吴绍洪,等.内蒙古草地NPP变化特征及其对气候变化敏感性的CENTURY模拟研究[J].地理研究,2016,35(2):271-284.[GUO Linghui,HAO Chengyuan,WU Shaohong.Analysis of changes in net primary productivity and its susceptibility to climate change of Inner Mongolia grasslands using the CENTURY model[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(2):271-284.]
[19] 陆丹丹.基于CENTURY模型的内蒙古荒漠草原区ANPP及其对气候变化的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2016.[LU Dandan.Observations and modeling of ANPP dynamics for desert steppe in Inner Mongolia and its responses to global climate change based on CENTURY model[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2016.]
[20] 包萨茹.基于CENTURY模型的呼伦贝尔草原ANPP估算及其对气候变化的响应研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2016.[BAO Saru.Modeling dynamics of ANPP by using CENTURY model and its responses to climate change in Hulun Buir Inner Mongolia[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2016.]
[21] 周锡饮,师华定,王秀茹,等.蒙古高原近30年来土地利用变化时空特征与动因分析[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(6):1102-1110.[ZHOU Xiyin,SHI Huading,WANG Xiuru,et al.Study on the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of land use and driving forces analysis of Mongolia Plateau in recent 30 years[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2012,24(6):1102-1110.]
[22] 陈奕兆,李建龙,孙政国,等.欧亚大陆草原带1982—2008年间净初级生产力时空动态及其对气候变化响应研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(1):1-12.[CHEN Yizhao,LI Jianlong,SUN Zhengguo,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamics of grassland net primary productivity and its response to climate change in the temperate Eurasian steppe 1982-2008[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(1):1-12.]
[23] 焦翠翠,于贵瑞,何念鹏,等.欧亚大陆草原地上生物量的空间格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].地理学报,2016,71(5):781-796.[JIAO Cuicui,YU Guirui,HE nianpeng,et al.The spatial pattern of grassland aboveground biomass and its environmental controls in the Eurasian steppe[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(5):781-796.]
[24] 郭学斌.蒙古草原现状及生态环境保护—蒙古草原生态环境调研[J].山西林业科技,2005,(1):17-19.[GUO Xuebin.Cuurent situation of Mongolia grassland and protection of ecological environment:A survey and research on ecological environment in Mongolia grassland[J].Shanxi Forestry Science And Technology,2005,(1):17-19.]
[25] 苏和,塔娜.内蒙古镶黄旗草原生态环境退化原因及可持续发展[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(1):113-116.[SU He,TA Na.Discussion on the sustainable development and reasons of grassland ecological environment degradation in Xianghuangqi of Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2007,29(1):113-116.]
[26] 张韵婕,桂朝,刘庆生,等.基于遥感和气象数据的蒙古高原1982—2013年植被动态变化分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2016,31(5):1022-1030.[ZHANG Yunjie,GUI Zhao,LIU Qingsheng,et al.The analysis of the dynamic changes from 1982 to 2013 in the Mongolian Plateau based on satellite imageries and meteorological data[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2016,31(5):1022-1030.]
[27] 张雪艳,胡云锋,庄大方,等.蒙古高原NDVI的空间格局及空间分异[J].地理研究,2009,28(1):10-18.[ZHANG Xueyan,HU Yunfeng,ZHUANG Dafang,et al.The spatial pattern and differentiation of NDVI in Mongolian Plateau[J].Geographical Research,2009,28(1):10-18.]
[28] ZHANG Xueyan,HU Yunfeng,ZHUANG Dafang,et al.NDVI spatial pattern and its differentiation on the Mongolian Plateau[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,19(4):403-415.
[29] 李一凡,王卷乐,祝俊祥.基于地理分区的蒙古国景观格局分析[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(4):817-827.[LI Yifan,WANG Juanle,ZHU Junxiang,Landscape pattern analysis of Mongolia based on the geographical partitions[J].Arid Land Geography,2016,39(4):817-827.]
[30] MIAO Lijuan,LUAN Yibo,LUO Xiangzhong,et al.Analysis of the phenology in the Mongolian Plateau by inter-comparison of Global Vegetation Datasets[J].Remote Sensing,2013,5(10):5193-5208.
[31] KIRSCHBAUM M U F,PAUL K I.Modeling C and N dynamics in forest soils with a modified version of the CENTURY model[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34(3):341-354.
[32] PARTON W J,MCKEOWN B,KIRCHNER V,et al.CENTURY user’s manual[M].Colorado:California State University,Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory,1992.
[33] 李香真,曲秋皓.蒙古高原草原土壤微生物量碳氮特征[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):97-104.[LI Xiangzhen,QU Qiuhao.Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Mongolian Grassland[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2002,39(1):97-104.]
[34] 侯晓东.蒙古高原不同草原区土壤因子及根茎禾草生长发育状况的比较研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.[HOU Xiaodong.Study on the comparison of soil factor and the growth development of rhizomatous grasses on the differ steppe area in Mongolia altiplano[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007.]
[35] 春兰.不同利用方式下土壤特性及植被群落特征对比研究——以蒙古高原典型草原为例[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.[CHUN Lan.The comparative study on soil characteristics and the characteristics of plant communities under different patterns of uses:A case of Mongolian altiplano typical steppe[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009.]