大采高工作面锚杆支护巷道局部冒顶机理研究
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摘要
基于大采高工作面巷道冒顶制约煤矿安全生产的问题,采用现场实测和数值模拟方法研究了巷道局部冒顶的影响因素。现场测试表明:冒顶位置巷道直接顶板为5.8 m泥岩,且为多层复合,锚索锚固端附近存在泥质页岩软弱岩层,黏土矿物占比达54.3%。锚杆锚固区内外均发生明显离层,支护体受岩层错动发生剪切变形。数值模拟得出,受回采动压未稳定区域掘巷、护巷煤柱尺寸小、支护强度和刚度不足等因素影响,顶板软弱节理面发生离层,支护应力场完整性丧失,围岩塑性破坏后发生冒落。提出在地质异常区及时支护、增大支护强度防止锚固区离层、加强施工质量检测等技术手段,提高巷道安全系数,为减少冒顶事故提供工程借鉴。
In view of the problem of coal mine safety production caused by roof fall in large mining height working face,the field measurement and numerical simulation method were used to study the influencing factors of localized roof collapse. Field tests show that the direct roof of the roadway at the location of roof fall is 5.8 m mudstone with multi-layer composite. There is a weak shale rock formation near the anchorage end of the anchor cable,accounting for 54.3% of clay minerals. Significant separation occurs in the anchorage zone of the anchor,and the support body is shear-deformed by the displacement of the rock stratum. The numerical simulation shows that the weak joint surface of the roof is separated,the integrity of the supporting stress field is lost,and the rood fall occurs after plastic failure due to the the factors such as mining under unstable dynamic pressure,small size of the pillar and insufficient support strength and stiffness. It is proposed to timely support in the geological anomaly area,increase the support strength to prevent the anchorage zone from separating,strengthen the construction quality inspection and other technical means,improve the safety factor of the roadway,which provides engineering references in order to reduce the roof accidents.
In view of the problem of coal mine safety production caused by roof fall in large mining height working face,the field measurement and numerical simulation method were used to study the influencing factors of localized roof collapse. Field tests show that the direct roof of the roadway at the location of roof fall is 5.8 m mudstone with multi-layer composite. There is a weak shale rock formation near the anchorage end of the anchor cable,accounting for 54.3% of clay minerals. Significant separation occurs in the anchorage zone of the anchor,and the support body is shear-deformed by the displacement of the rock stratum. The numerical simulation shows that the weak joint surface of the roof is separated,the integrity of the supporting stress field is lost,and the rood fall occurs after plastic failure due to the the factors such as mining under unstable dynamic pressure,small size of the pillar and insufficient support strength and stiffness. It is proposed to timely support in the geological anomaly area,increase the support strength to prevent the anchorage zone from separating,strengthen the construction quality inspection and other technical means,improve the safety factor of the roadway,which provides engineering references in order to reduce the roof accidents.
引文
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[14]周维垣.岩体工程结构的稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1729-1752.ZHOU Weiyuan.Structure stability of rock mass engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics And Engineering,2010,29(9):1729-1752.
[15]康红普.深部煤矿应力分布特征及巷道围岩控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(9):12-17.KANG Hongpu.Stress distribution characteristics and strata control technology for roadways in deep coal mines[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(9):12-17.
[16]吴拥政,何杰,王洋.特大断面冲击地压巷道破坏机理及控制技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):61-67.WU Yongzheng,HE Jie,WANG Yang.Study on failure mechanism and control technology of large cross section rockburst roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):61-67.
[17]刘少伟.锚杆支护煤巷冒顶危险的应力影响及工程应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):239-242.LIU Shaowei.Effect of stress on roof falling in coal drift supported by bolts and its engineering application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):239-242.
[2]石印宗.煤巷锚杆支护冒顶事故的类型及预防[J].煤矿开采,2005,10(5):39-40.SHI Yinzong.Type and prevention of roof collapse of bolt support in coal tunnel[J].Coal Mining Technology,2005,10(5):39-40.
[3]王襄禹,张宏伟,李国栋.弱胶结富水顶板巷道围岩控制技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):88-92,98.WANG Xiangyu,ZHANG Hongwei,LI Guodong.Study on surrounding rock control technology of weakly cemented water-rich roof in roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):88-92,98.
[4]郝玉龙,陈云敏,王军,等.综放特厚煤层回采巷道冒顶机理分析及控制技术的试验研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2000,27(5):12-13.HAO Yulong,CHEN Yunmin,WANG Jun,et al.Roof falling mechanism analysis and control technology research of fully mechanized top coal caving mining roadway[J].Mining Safety and Environmental Protection,2000,27(5):12-13.
[5]孙海良.大埋深三软煤层复合顶板大断面开切眼支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(12):42-45,69.SUN Hailiang.Support technology of large section and compound roof open-off cut insoft roof and soft floor and soft coal and deep buried seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(12):42-45,69.
[6]杜涛涛,朱雷,蓝航,等.未采水平分段放顶煤工作面巷道冒顶原因分析[J].煤矿安全,2013,44(12):186-188.DU Taotao,ZHU Lei,LAN Hang,et al.Reason analysis of roadway roof-fall in caving mining face of unmining horizontal section[J].Coal Mine in Safety,2013,44(12):186-188.
[7]林健,周逸群,王正胜,等.木垫板对锚杆支护效果影响的试验研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(12):74-78.LIN Jian,ZHOU Yiqun,WANG Zhengsheng,et al.Experimental study on influencing effect of wooden plate on bolt support[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(11):74-78.
[8]吴建星,方树林.高应力厚煤层动压巷道底鼓力学机理及控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(12):86-91.WU Jianxing,FANG Shulin.Mechanical mechanism and control technology of floor heave of high stress thick coal seam under dynamic pressure[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(12):86-91.
[9]褚晓威,吴拥政,石蒙.节理化脆性特厚煤层巷道大变形机理及控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(12):98-106.CHU Xiaowei,WU Yongzheng,SHI Meng.Large-deformation mechanism and control technology of roadway in jointed and brittle and extremely thick coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(12):98-106.
[10]冯友良.煤巷围岩应力分布特征及帮部破坏机理研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):183-191.FENG Youliang.Study on surrounding rock stress distribution characteristics and sidewall failure mechanism of seam gateway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):183-191.
[11]康红普.我国煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术发展60年及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,45(6):1071-1081.KANG Hongpu.Sixty years developmen and prospects of rock bolting technology for underground coal mine roadways in China[J].Journal of China university of Mining and Technology,2015,45(6):1071-1081.
[12]康红普.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007.
[13]樊克恭,马池帅,王亚军,等.深井大断面沿空掘巷围岩支护技术研究[J].煤矿开采,2015,20(2):43-46.FAN Kegong,MA Chishuai,WANG Yajun,et al.Technology of supporting roadway driven along gob with large-section in deep mine[J].Coal Mining Technology,2015,20(2):43-46.
[14]周维垣.岩体工程结构的稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1729-1752.ZHOU Weiyuan.Structure stability of rock mass engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics And Engineering,2010,29(9):1729-1752.
[15]康红普.深部煤矿应力分布特征及巷道围岩控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(9):12-17.KANG Hongpu.Stress distribution characteristics and strata control technology for roadways in deep coal mines[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(9):12-17.
[16]吴拥政,何杰,王洋.特大断面冲击地压巷道破坏机理及控制技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):61-67.WU Yongzheng,HE Jie,WANG Yang.Study on failure mechanism and control technology of large cross section rockburst roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):61-67.
[17]刘少伟.锚杆支护煤巷冒顶危险的应力影响及工程应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):239-242.LIU Shaowei.Effect of stress on roof falling in coal drift supported by bolts and its engineering application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):239-242.