钻井泥浆生物无害化处理技术的应用效果及发展趋势
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摘要
钻井泥浆的无害化处理是石油钻完井过程中迫切需要解决的问题,其中生物处理技术成本低、效率高,可以实现真正的无害化而具有广阔的应用前景。本文结合钻井泥浆的环境危害及常规处理方法存在的诸多问题,重点介绍通过固-液分离工艺后,废水和泥渣的生物处理关键技术及应用现状。阐述生物处理钻井泥浆石油烃组分和重金属的机理;介绍泥浆处理后的废水无害化技术,包括好氧生物法、厌氧生物法、生物絮凝法和自然生物处理法等,以及泥渣无害化处理方法,如堆肥处理法和微生物-土壤联合处理等技术。本文归纳总结目前生物处理技术在钻井泥浆无害化处理中的应用效果,并积极探索钻井泥浆生物无害化处理技术的发展策略和趋势。
Developing a non-hazardous treatment of waste drilling mud is an issue that acquires to be addressed urgently in drilling process, with advantages of low cost, high efficiency and real harmlessness, biological treatment technologies demonstrate a broad application prospect. In this paper, we concluded the hazards of waste drilling mud and the problems of conventional treatment methods, and focused on the key technologies and application status about the biological treatment of waste drilling water and waste sludge after separation process. Moreover, we explained the mechanism of biological treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metal in waste drilling mud, recommended the widely used non-hazardous treatment of waste drilling water including aerobic bio-treatment, anaerobic bio-treatment, biological flocculation and natural biological treatment, as well as the non-hazardous treatment of waste drilling sludge including compost process and microbiology-soil combined treatment. This article summarized the current biological treatment technologies in the application of drilling mud disposal effect, and positively explores the drilling mud biological disposal technology development strategies and development trends.
Developing a non-hazardous treatment of waste drilling mud is an issue that acquires to be addressed urgently in drilling process, with advantages of low cost, high efficiency and real harmlessness, biological treatment technologies demonstrate a broad application prospect. In this paper, we concluded the hazards of waste drilling mud and the problems of conventional treatment methods, and focused on the key technologies and application status about the biological treatment of waste drilling water and waste sludge after separation process. Moreover, we explained the mechanism of biological treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metal in waste drilling mud, recommended the widely used non-hazardous treatment of waste drilling water including aerobic bio-treatment, anaerobic bio-treatment, biological flocculation and natural biological treatment, as well as the non-hazardous treatment of waste drilling sludge including compost process and microbiology-soil combined treatment. This article summarized the current biological treatment technologies in the application of drilling mud disposal effect, and positively explores the drilling mud biological disposal technology development strategies and development trends.
引文
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[24]雷国元,丁翠萍,杨家轩.1株高效产絮凝剂菌株的分离及其在冷轧含油废水处理中的应用[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2716-2723.
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[26]C.Murray-Gulde,J.E.Heatley,T.Karanfil,et al.Performance of a hybrid reverse osmosis-constructed wetland treatment system for brackish oil field produced water[J].Water Research,2003,37(3):705-713.
[27]闫毓霞,王志强,陈家清,等.胜利油田采油废水污染现状及达标处理技术探讨[J].山东环境,2005,(7):146-148.
[28]肖尊东.利用人工湿地处理采油废水的研究与实践[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[29]余冬梅,骆永明,刘五星,等.堆肥法处理含油污泥的研究[J].土壤学报,2009,46(6):1019-1025.
[30]陈立荣,黄敏,蒋学彬,等.微生物-土壤联合处理废弃钻井液渣泥技术[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):100-105.
[31]李学庆,杨金荣,尹志亮,等.油基钻井液含油钻屑无害化处理工艺技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,30(4):81-83.
[32]苑旭波,杨海军,王立辉.油基钻井液钻屑生物降解技术[C].环保钻井液技术及废弃钻井液处理技术研讨会论文集,2014.
[2]徐炳科.废弃钻井泥浆的微生物处理效果研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2011.
[3]杨知勋.海洋钻井平台废弃税基泥浆生物降解技术研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2012.
[4]高磊.油气田钻井废弃泥浆处理菌的筛选及处理性能研究[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[5]李学庆,杨金荣,尹志亮.钻井液废弃物无害化处理的新技术研发[J].石油与天然气化工,2013,42(4):439-442.
[6]黄振东.废弃钻井液脱稳处理技术中破胶剂的研究[J].湖南农机,2009,36(3):22-24.
[7]邱正松,张现斌,陶瑞东,等.一种钻井废液深度处理方法与工艺[P].中国,CN102139971A.2011.
[8]张淑侠,何焕杰,马雅雅,等.一种深井聚磺类泥浆钻井废水生化处理方法[P].中国,CN102745867A.2012.
[9]谢水祥,蒋官澄,陈勉,等.利用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(2):425-430.
[10]陈永红.废弃油基钻井液处理技术研究[D].荆州:长江大学,2012.
[11]郭伟,何孟常,杨志峰.土壤/沉积物中石油烃微生物降解研究综述[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2007,26(3):276-283.
[12]任南琪,马放,杨基先,等.污染控制微生物学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2011.
[13]高晋华.土壤重金属污染的植物修复技术[J].科技情报开发与经济,1999,(6):64-65.
[14]谷春豪,许怀凤,仇广乐.汞的微生物甲基化与去甲基化机理研究进展[J].环境化学,2013,32(6):926-936.
[15]张淑侠,何焕杰,吕宁超,等.复合菌剂处理深井聚磺钻井液废水技术研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,27(6):48-52.
[16]冯栩,谷晋川,鲍晋,等.钻井废水的生物强化处理[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(1):184-189.
[17]G.T.Tellez,N.Nirmalakhandan,J.L.Gardea-Torresdey.Performance evaluation of an activated sludge system for removing petroleum hydrocarbons from oilfield produced water[J].Advances in Environmental Research,2002,6(4):455-470.
[18]曾玉彬,黄锋,刘世海,等.钻井废弃物的生物处理技术研究进展[J].精细石油化工进展,2008,9(2):42-45.
[19]李源,雷中方,来松清.油田采出水的高温水解-好氧处理工艺研究[J].工业水处理,2003,23(7):22-24.
[20]竺建荣,沈海铭,汪诚文,等.厌-好氧交替工艺处理辽河油田废水的试验[J].环境科学,1999,20(1):62-64.
[21]A.W.Lawrence,J.A.Miller,D.L.Miller,et al.Regional assessment of produced water treatment and disposal practices and research needs[C].Society of Petroleum Engineers 29729,1995.
[22]王眉山,郑毅.中国废弃钻井液处理技术发展趋势[J].钻井液与完井液,2009,26(6):77-79.
[23]崔建升,郭玉凤,耿艳楼.微生物絮凝剂处理含油废水[J].城市环境与城市生态,2004,17(3):33-34.
[24]雷国元,丁翠萍,杨家轩.1株高效产絮凝剂菌株的分离及其在冷轧含油废水处理中的应用[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2716-2723.
[25]黄廷林,杨利伟.采油废水回注处理技术[J].工业用水与废水,2000,31(4):1-3.
[26]C.Murray-Gulde,J.E.Heatley,T.Karanfil,et al.Performance of a hybrid reverse osmosis-constructed wetland treatment system for brackish oil field produced water[J].Water Research,2003,37(3):705-713.
[27]闫毓霞,王志强,陈家清,等.胜利油田采油废水污染现状及达标处理技术探讨[J].山东环境,2005,(7):146-148.
[28]肖尊东.利用人工湿地处理采油废水的研究与实践[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[29]余冬梅,骆永明,刘五星,等.堆肥法处理含油污泥的研究[J].土壤学报,2009,46(6):1019-1025.
[30]陈立荣,黄敏,蒋学彬,等.微生物-土壤联合处理废弃钻井液渣泥技术[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):100-105.
[31]李学庆,杨金荣,尹志亮,等.油基钻井液含油钻屑无害化处理工艺技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2013,30(4):81-83.
[32]苑旭波,杨海军,王立辉.油基钻井液钻屑生物降解技术[C].环保钻井液技术及废弃钻井液处理技术研讨会论文集,2014.