玉米圆斑病研究概述
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摘要
1926年在美国伊利诺伊州首次发现玉米圆斑病,现已蔓延至30多个国家。该病由玉米生平脐蠕孢菌[Bipolaris zeicola(G.L.Stout)Shoemaker(有性态为Cochliobolus carbonum R.R.Nelson)]侵染引起。玉米圆斑病菌属异宗配合菌,其有性过程受交配型基因控制,有性态可在实验室内诱导产生,并可与玉米小斑病菌和燕麦枯萎病菌发生种间杂交。除侵染叶片外,还可侵染果穗、苞叶和叶鞘等部位。病原菌在种子、病残体和土壤中越冬,为翌年的侵染源,以后借气流、雨水传播。品种抗性、气候和栽培条件对病害发生有较大影响。但国内对病害的抗病育种、病害流行和防治方面研究不足。
Northern corn leaf spot was firstly discovered in Illinois,USA in 1926,caused by Bipolaris zeicola(G.L.Stout) Shoemaker(sexual stage,Cochliobolus carbonum R.R Nelson),and has dispersed to more than 30 countries.C.carbonum is heterothallic and its sexual progress is controlled by mating type genes.Its sexual state could be artificially induced in the laboratory,and have cross-fertility with related species C.heterostrophus and C.victoriae.This pathogen can infect leaf,ear,husk and sheath of corn.It can survive on seeds,residues and soil in the winter,become the primary infection source in the next year,and disperse by wind and/or rain.This disease is greatly affected by host resistance,climate and cultivation conditions.So far,it,however,has been studied few in breeding,epidemiology and management in China.
Northern corn leaf spot was firstly discovered in Illinois,USA in 1926,caused by Bipolaris zeicola(G.L.Stout) Shoemaker(sexual stage,Cochliobolus carbonum R.R Nelson),and has dispersed to more than 30 countries.C.carbonum is heterothallic and its sexual progress is controlled by mating type genes.Its sexual state could be artificially induced in the laboratory,and have cross-fertility with related species C.heterostrophus and C.victoriae.This pathogen can infect leaf,ear,husk and sheath of corn.It can survive on seeds,residues and soil in the winter,become the primary infection source in the next year,and disperse by wind and/or rain.This disease is greatly affected by host resistance,climate and cultivation conditions.So far,it,however,has been studied few in breeding,epidemiology and management in China.
引文
[1]SHOEMAKER R A.Nomenclature of Drechslera and Bi-polaris,grass parasites segregated from Helminthosporium[J].Botany,1959,37(5):879-887.
[2]NELSON R R.Cochliobolus carbonum,the perfect stageof Helminthosporium carbonum[J].Phytopathology,1959,49(12):807-810.
[3]STOUT G.New fungi found on the Indian corn plant inIllinois[J].Mycologia,1930,22(6):271-287.
[4]ULLSTRUP A J.Two physiologic races of Helminthospo-rium maydis in the Corn Belt[J].Phytopathology,1941,31(6):508-521.
[5]张天宇.蠕形分生孢子真菌[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[6]MANAMGODA D,CAI L,BAHKALI A,et al.Coch-liobolus:an overview and current status of species[J].Fungal Diversity,2011,51(1):3-42.
[7]白金铠,潘顺法,姜晶春.玉米圆斑病菌生理小种鉴定结果[J].植物病理学报,1982,12(3):63-66.
[8]董国菊,申晚霞.重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌(Bipolariscarbonum Wilson)的分离鉴定[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,32(1):119-122.
[9]卢灿华.云南省玉米圆斑病病原鉴定及其生理小种和交配型分析[D].昆明:云南农业大学,2012:1-104.
[10]ULLSTRUP A J.Further studies on a species of Hel-minthosporium parasitizing corn[J].Phytopathology,1944,34(2):214-222.
[11]STANKOVIC S,LEVIC J,IVANOVIC D.Genetic vari-ability of maize pathogens in Serbia[J].Genetika,2007,39(2):227-240.
[12]TSUKIBOSHI T,KIMIGAFUKURO T,SATO T.Iden-tification of races of Bipolaris zeicola,the causal fungusof Helminthosporium leaf spot on corn in Japan[J].Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan,1987,53(5):647-649.
[13]杨碧野.玉米圆斑病发生与防治的初步调查研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1979(5):10-11.
[14]商鸿生,王树权,栗松花.玉米圆斑病种子带菌问题的初步研究[J].植物保护学报,1983,10(2):143-144.
[15]李淑荣,李惠春,刘淑杰,等.玉米圆斑病的发生与防治[J].植保技术与推广,2000,20(1):36.
[16]孙广宇,王琴,张荣,等.条斑型玉米圆斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].植物病理学报,2006,36(6):494-500.
[17]姜广正.中国禾本科植物上的蠕形菌(Helminthos-porium)[J].植物病理学报,1959,5(1):21-34,58.
[18]傅波,王传士.玉米圆斑病在瓦房店市严重发生[J].植物保护,1995,21(2):52.
[19]王琴.玉米条斑型圆斑病病原菌的鉴定和生物学特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[20]戚佩坤,白金铠,朱桂香.吉林省栽培植物真菌病害志[M].北京:科学出版社,1966.
[21]吴文平.河北省丝孢菌的研究:Ⅰ禾本科植物上蠕形菌的初步研究[J].河北省科学院学报,1990,7(1):52-64.
[22]SINDHU A,CHINTAMANANI S,BRANDT A S,et al.AGuardian of grasses:specific origin and conservation of aunique disease-resistance gene in the grass lineage[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of theUnited States of America,2008,105(5):1762-1767.
[23]DODD J.Recent developments in the maize pathogenBipolaris zeicola Shoemaker[J].Maydica,1993,38(3):201-204.
[24]XIAO J Z,TSUGE T,DOKE N,et al.Rice-specifictoxins produced by Bipolaris zeicola,race 3;evidencefor role as pathogenicity factors for rice and maize plants[J].Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1991,38(1):67-82.
[25]周善平.玉米圆斑病发生调查报告[J].植物保护,1982,8(6):23.
[26]白金铠,潘顺法,姜晶春.玉米圆斑病防治研究[J].植物保护学报,1982,9(2):113-118.
[27]彭金火,陆家云.内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1989,12(4):46-53.
[28]TALBOT P B.On the genus Helminthosporium sensu la-to[J].Australian Plant Pathology Society Newsletter,1973,2(2):3-7.
[29]TSUKIBOSHI T,SATO T,KIMIGAFUKURO T.Hel-minthosporium leaf spot of corn caused by Bipolariszeicola in Japan[J].Annals of the PhytopathologicalSociety of Japan,1986,52(3):492-496.
[30]HARDING H.Effect of pH and sucrose concentrationon conidium size and septation in four Bipolaris species[J].Botany,1975,53(15):1457-1464.
[31]董国菊,申晚霞.重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌生物学特性的测定[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(12):8-13.
[32]LEONARD K J.Polymorphisms for lesion type,fungi-cide tolerance,and mating capacity in Cochliobolus car-bonum isolates pathogenic to corn[J].Botany,1978,56(15):1809-1815.
[33]LEONARD K J.Nonrandom survival of Cochliobolus carbo-num ascospores in asci bearing less than eight ascospores[J].Mycologia,1973,65(6):1229-1233.
[34]WELZ H G,LEONARD K J.Gametic phase disequilib-ria in populations of race 2 and race 3 of Cochlioboluscarbonum[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,1995,101(3):301-310.
[35]NELSON R R.Genetic inhibition of perithecial forma-tion in Cochliobolus carbonum[J].Phytopathology,1964,54(7):876-877.
[36]NELSON R R.Variation in mating capacities among i-solates of Cochliobolus carbonum[J].Botany,1970,48(2):261-263.
[37]LEONARD K J.Genetic isolation of races 2 and 3 ofCochliobolus carbonum in North Carolina[J].Pro-ceedings of the American Phytopathological Society,1974,64(1):94.
[38]WELZ G,LEONARD K J.Genetic variation in fieldpopulation of races 0,2 and 3 of Bipolaris zeicola in1987[J].Phytopathology,1988,78(12):1574.
[39]WELZ H G,LEONARD K J.Genetic analysis of tworace 0×race 2 crosses in Cochliobolus carbonum[J].Phytopathology,1994,84(1):83-91.
[40]DALMACIO S C,NELSON R R.Genetic inhibition ofascus formation in Cochliobolus carbonum[J].Phyto-pathology,1976,66(11):1354-1355.
[41]CHRISTIANSEN S K,WIRSE S,YUN S H,et al.Thetwo Cochliobolus mating type genes are conserved amongspecies but one of them is missing in C.victoriae[J].Mycological Research,1998,102(8):919-929.
[42]NELSON R R.The genetics of compatibility in Coch-liobous carbonum[J].Phytopathology,1960,50(2):158-160.
[43]胡旭章,黄梧芳.玉米小斑病菌(Drechslera may-dis)与玉米圆斑病菌(Drechslera carbonum)种间杂交的初步研究[J].河北农业大学学报,1992,15(2):8-12.
[44]王景山.玉米圆斑病的发生与防治[J].玉米科学,2004,12(z1):114-114,117.
[45]JONES M J,DUNKLE L D.Analysis of Cochlioboluscarbonum races by PCR amplification with arbitrary andgene-specific primers[J].Phytopathology,1993,83(4):366-370.
[46]周惠萍,吴景芝,李月秋,等.云南省玉米灰斑病发生规律研究[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(6):2207-2212.
[2]NELSON R R.Cochliobolus carbonum,the perfect stageof Helminthosporium carbonum[J].Phytopathology,1959,49(12):807-810.
[3]STOUT G.New fungi found on the Indian corn plant inIllinois[J].Mycologia,1930,22(6):271-287.
[4]ULLSTRUP A J.Two physiologic races of Helminthospo-rium maydis in the Corn Belt[J].Phytopathology,1941,31(6):508-521.
[5]张天宇.蠕形分生孢子真菌[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[6]MANAMGODA D,CAI L,BAHKALI A,et al.Coch-liobolus:an overview and current status of species[J].Fungal Diversity,2011,51(1):3-42.
[7]白金铠,潘顺法,姜晶春.玉米圆斑病菌生理小种鉴定结果[J].植物病理学报,1982,12(3):63-66.
[8]董国菊,申晚霞.重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌(Bipolariscarbonum Wilson)的分离鉴定[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,32(1):119-122.
[9]卢灿华.云南省玉米圆斑病病原鉴定及其生理小种和交配型分析[D].昆明:云南农业大学,2012:1-104.
[10]ULLSTRUP A J.Further studies on a species of Hel-minthosporium parasitizing corn[J].Phytopathology,1944,34(2):214-222.
[11]STANKOVIC S,LEVIC J,IVANOVIC D.Genetic vari-ability of maize pathogens in Serbia[J].Genetika,2007,39(2):227-240.
[12]TSUKIBOSHI T,KIMIGAFUKURO T,SATO T.Iden-tification of races of Bipolaris zeicola,the causal fungusof Helminthosporium leaf spot on corn in Japan[J].Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan,1987,53(5):647-649.
[13]杨碧野.玉米圆斑病发生与防治的初步调查研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1979(5):10-11.
[14]商鸿生,王树权,栗松花.玉米圆斑病种子带菌问题的初步研究[J].植物保护学报,1983,10(2):143-144.
[15]李淑荣,李惠春,刘淑杰,等.玉米圆斑病的发生与防治[J].植保技术与推广,2000,20(1):36.
[16]孙广宇,王琴,张荣,等.条斑型玉米圆斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].植物病理学报,2006,36(6):494-500.
[17]姜广正.中国禾本科植物上的蠕形菌(Helminthos-porium)[J].植物病理学报,1959,5(1):21-34,58.
[18]傅波,王传士.玉米圆斑病在瓦房店市严重发生[J].植物保护,1995,21(2):52.
[19]王琴.玉米条斑型圆斑病病原菌的鉴定和生物学特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[20]戚佩坤,白金铠,朱桂香.吉林省栽培植物真菌病害志[M].北京:科学出版社,1966.
[21]吴文平.河北省丝孢菌的研究:Ⅰ禾本科植物上蠕形菌的初步研究[J].河北省科学院学报,1990,7(1):52-64.
[22]SINDHU A,CHINTAMANANI S,BRANDT A S,et al.AGuardian of grasses:specific origin and conservation of aunique disease-resistance gene in the grass lineage[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of theUnited States of America,2008,105(5):1762-1767.
[23]DODD J.Recent developments in the maize pathogenBipolaris zeicola Shoemaker[J].Maydica,1993,38(3):201-204.
[24]XIAO J Z,TSUGE T,DOKE N,et al.Rice-specifictoxins produced by Bipolaris zeicola,race 3;evidencefor role as pathogenicity factors for rice and maize plants[J].Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1991,38(1):67-82.
[25]周善平.玉米圆斑病发生调查报告[J].植物保护,1982,8(6):23.
[26]白金铠,潘顺法,姜晶春.玉米圆斑病防治研究[J].植物保护学报,1982,9(2):113-118.
[27]彭金火,陆家云.内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1989,12(4):46-53.
[28]TALBOT P B.On the genus Helminthosporium sensu la-to[J].Australian Plant Pathology Society Newsletter,1973,2(2):3-7.
[29]TSUKIBOSHI T,SATO T,KIMIGAFUKURO T.Hel-minthosporium leaf spot of corn caused by Bipolariszeicola in Japan[J].Annals of the PhytopathologicalSociety of Japan,1986,52(3):492-496.
[30]HARDING H.Effect of pH and sucrose concentrationon conidium size and septation in four Bipolaris species[J].Botany,1975,53(15):1457-1464.
[31]董国菊,申晚霞.重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌生物学特性的测定[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(12):8-13.
[32]LEONARD K J.Polymorphisms for lesion type,fungi-cide tolerance,and mating capacity in Cochliobolus car-bonum isolates pathogenic to corn[J].Botany,1978,56(15):1809-1815.
[33]LEONARD K J.Nonrandom survival of Cochliobolus carbo-num ascospores in asci bearing less than eight ascospores[J].Mycologia,1973,65(6):1229-1233.
[34]WELZ H G,LEONARD K J.Gametic phase disequilib-ria in populations of race 2 and race 3 of Cochlioboluscarbonum[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,1995,101(3):301-310.
[35]NELSON R R.Genetic inhibition of perithecial forma-tion in Cochliobolus carbonum[J].Phytopathology,1964,54(7):876-877.
[36]NELSON R R.Variation in mating capacities among i-solates of Cochliobolus carbonum[J].Botany,1970,48(2):261-263.
[37]LEONARD K J.Genetic isolation of races 2 and 3 ofCochliobolus carbonum in North Carolina[J].Pro-ceedings of the American Phytopathological Society,1974,64(1):94.
[38]WELZ G,LEONARD K J.Genetic variation in fieldpopulation of races 0,2 and 3 of Bipolaris zeicola in1987[J].Phytopathology,1988,78(12):1574.
[39]WELZ H G,LEONARD K J.Genetic analysis of tworace 0×race 2 crosses in Cochliobolus carbonum[J].Phytopathology,1994,84(1):83-91.
[40]DALMACIO S C,NELSON R R.Genetic inhibition ofascus formation in Cochliobolus carbonum[J].Phyto-pathology,1976,66(11):1354-1355.
[41]CHRISTIANSEN S K,WIRSE S,YUN S H,et al.Thetwo Cochliobolus mating type genes are conserved amongspecies but one of them is missing in C.victoriae[J].Mycological Research,1998,102(8):919-929.
[42]NELSON R R.The genetics of compatibility in Coch-liobous carbonum[J].Phytopathology,1960,50(2):158-160.
[43]胡旭章,黄梧芳.玉米小斑病菌(Drechslera may-dis)与玉米圆斑病菌(Drechslera carbonum)种间杂交的初步研究[J].河北农业大学学报,1992,15(2):8-12.
[44]王景山.玉米圆斑病的发生与防治[J].玉米科学,2004,12(z1):114-114,117.
[45]JONES M J,DUNKLE L D.Analysis of Cochlioboluscarbonum races by PCR amplification with arbitrary andgene-specific primers[J].Phytopathology,1993,83(4):366-370.
[46]周惠萍,吴景芝,李月秋,等.云南省玉米灰斑病发生规律研究[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(6):2207-2212.