深圳市石岩街道学龄期儿童近视的流行病学调查
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摘要
目的了解学龄期儿童近视眼的发病情况及其相关因素,并提出预防措施。方法于2013年对深圳市石岩街道辖区内11所学校的20 436名1~9年级学生进行问卷调查,调查近视的可能危险因素。结果小学生近视检出率为29.21%,初中生检出率为63.55%,平均37.01%。女生近视检出率明显高于男生(χ2=31.269,P<0.01),近视组学生的平均户外活动时间显著少于视力正常组(t=2.271,P<0.05),而平均每天近距离用眼的时间明显多于正常组(t=2.439,P<0.05)。父母有近视其孩子的近视发生率较父母均无近视的高(χ2=5.201,P<0.05),其OR值为1.59。结论学龄期儿童近视眼的发病率高,与近距离用眼多和平均户外活动时间少有关,应尽早改善儿童的生活环境和生活方式,尽量减少近距离用眼时间并增加户外活动,尽量使用自然光线,以减慢学龄期儿童的近视进展。
[Objective]To investigate the incidence rate of myopia and its correlative factor in school-age children,and put forward the prevention measures.[Methods]A total of 20 436 students in grades 1-9 from 11 schools in the area of Shiyan Sub-District of Shenzhen City,were surveyed. Questionnaires were given to students selected for the survey of potential risk factors of myopia.[Results]The detection rate of myopia was 29.21% among primary students and 63.55% among junior high students,with the average value of 37.01%. Girls had a obviously higher rate than boys(χ2=31.269,P<0.05). The average outdoor time for the group of students with myopia was significantly shorter than the group of students with normal vision(t=2.271,P<0.05),while the daily average time of near-vision work for the former group was obviously longer than the latter one(t =2.439,P<0.05). Myopia rate of children with parents who also suffered from myopia was higher than those whose parents both had normal sight(χ2 =5.201,P<0.05),with the OR value of 1.59. [Conclusion]The myopia incidence rate of school-age children is high,related to more nearvision work and less outdoor activities. To improve children's living environment and way of life as soon as possible,myopia progression in school-age children may be slowed by less near-vision work,more outdoor activities and more time spent in natural light.
[Objective]To investigate the incidence rate of myopia and its correlative factor in school-age children,and put forward the prevention measures.[Methods]A total of 20 436 students in grades 1-9 from 11 schools in the area of Shiyan Sub-District of Shenzhen City,were surveyed. Questionnaires were given to students selected for the survey of potential risk factors of myopia.[Results]The detection rate of myopia was 29.21% among primary students and 63.55% among junior high students,with the average value of 37.01%. Girls had a obviously higher rate than boys(χ2=31.269,P<0.05). The average outdoor time for the group of students with myopia was significantly shorter than the group of students with normal vision(t=2.271,P<0.05),while the daily average time of near-vision work for the former group was obviously longer than the latter one(t =2.439,P<0.05). Myopia rate of children with parents who also suffered from myopia was higher than those whose parents both had normal sight(χ2 =5.201,P<0.05),with the OR value of 1.59. [Conclusion]The myopia incidence rate of school-age children is high,related to more nearvision work and less outdoor activities. To improve children's living environment and way of life as soon as possible,myopia progression in school-age children may be slowed by less near-vision work,more outdoor activities and more time spent in natural light.
引文
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[12]方旺,杨贤增,张莉,等.少年儿童近视的临床特点及相关环境因素研究[J].山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报,2012,26(3):75-78.
[13]Wu MM,Eewards MH.The effect of having myopic parents:an analysis of myopia in three generations[J].Optometry Vision Sci,1999,76(6):387-392.
[14]华文娟,伍晓艳,万宇辉,,等.父母近视与儿童近视关联的遗传和环境共享因素的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(11):1288-1291.
[2]Pan CW,Ramamurthy D,Saw SM.Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia[J].Ophthalmic Physiol Opt,2012,32(1):3-16.
[3]Donovan L,Sankaridurg P,Ho A,Naduvilath T,Smith EL 3rd,Holden BA.Myopia progression rates in urban children wearing singlevision spectacles[J].Optom Vis Sci,2012,89(1):27-32.
[4]Zhang MZ,Li L P,Chen L Z,et al.Zhang M,Li L,Chen L.Population density and refractive error among chinese children[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2010,51(10):4969-4976.
[5]曹燕娜,唐仁泓,李蓉蓉,等.学龄期儿童近视进展的回顾性研究[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2012,14(9):693-696.
[6]Catherine AM,Hugh RT.Myopia and vision 2020,Editorial[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2000,129(4):525-527.
[7]中华人民共和国教育委员会.2010年全国学生体质与健康调研结果[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(9):1048-1049.
[8]蒋立新,田华伟,秦惠年.深圳市福田区中小学生视力7年动态分析[J].职业与健康,2001,17(8):62-64.
[9]Saw SM.A synopsis of the prevalence rates and environmental risk factors for myopia[J].Clin Exp Optometry.2003,86(5):289-294.
[10]Rose KA,Morgan IG,Smith W,Burlutsky G,Mitchell P.Saw SM.Myopia,lifestyle,and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney[J].Arch Ophthalmol,2008,126(4):527-530
[11]Ashby R,Ohlendorf A,Sehaefiel F.The effect of ambient illuminance on the development of deprivation myopia in chicks[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2009,50(11):5348-5354.
[12]方旺,杨贤增,张莉,等.少年儿童近视的临床特点及相关环境因素研究[J].山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报,2012,26(3):75-78.
[13]Wu MM,Eewards MH.The effect of having myopic parents:an analysis of myopia in three generations[J].Optometry Vision Sci,1999,76(6):387-392.
[14]华文娟,伍晓艳,万宇辉,,等.父母近视与儿童近视关联的遗传和环境共享因素的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(11):1288-1291.