外出务工、女性决策对农户集体行动参与程度的影响——以陕西、甘肃、宁夏3个省份农户调研数据为例
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摘要
本文检验男性外出务工致使女性成为家庭事务的主要决策者,这一变化特征是否对农村集体行动产生影响。利用陕西、甘肃、宁夏3个省份849户农户调研数据,运用内生转换回归模型探索外出务工、女性决策对农户集体行动参与程度的影响,并通过中介效应分析法对回归结果进行稳健性检验。结果表明:(1)家庭成员外出务工人数越多,村庄集体行动的参与程度越低;(2)务工人数对家庭事务是否由女性决策有显著正向影响,务工人数越多,女性决策概率越大;(3)女性决策对集体行动参与程度有显著负向影响,其平均处理效应约为-0. 3。
Working outside of male peasants forces women to be the main decision-makers of family affairs,and will this reality affects the development of rural collective action? Based on the survey data of 849 farmers in Shanxi,Gansu and Ningxia provinces,this paper explores the correlation between working outside,female decision-making and the participation of farmers in collective action by endogenous switching regression model,and tests the robustness through mediator effect analysis. The results show that:( 1) The more family members go out for work,the lower participation degree of collective action is;( 2) The number of migrant workers in the family has a significant positive impact on female decision-making,The more migrant workers there are,the more likely women are to make decisions;( 3) The female decision-making has a significant negative impact on the participation degree of collective action,and the average treatment effect is nearly-0.3.
Working outside of male peasants forces women to be the main decision-makers of family affairs,and will this reality affects the development of rural collective action? Based on the survey data of 849 farmers in Shanxi,Gansu and Ningxia provinces,this paper explores the correlation between working outside,female decision-making and the participation of farmers in collective action by endogenous switching regression model,and tests the robustness through mediator effect analysis. The results show that:( 1) The more family members go out for work,the lower participation degree of collective action is;( 2) The number of migrant workers in the family has a significant positive impact on female decision-making,The more migrant workers there are,the more likely women are to make decisions;( 3) The female decision-making has a significant negative impact on the participation degree of collective action,and the average treatment effect is nearly-0.3.
引文
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2.Kajisa K,Palanisami K,Sakurai T.Effects on poverty and equity of the decline in collective tank irrigation management in Tamil Nadu,India.Agricultural Economics,2007,36(3):347~362
3.Ito J.Collective action for local commons management in rural Yunnan,China:Empirical evidence and hypotheses using evolutionary game theory.Land Economics,2012,88(1):181~200
4.Dayton-Johnson J.Determinants of collective action on the local commons:a model with evidence from Mexico.Journal of Development Economics,2000,62(1):181~208
5.Fujiie M,Hayami Y,Kikuchi M.The conditions of collective action for local commons management:the case of irrigation in the Philippines.Agricultural Economics,2005,33(2):179~189
6.Ravnborg H M,De la Cruz A M,Guerrero M D P,et al.Collective action in ant control.CAPRi Working Paper 7,https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6242654.pdf,2000
7.Maddala G S.Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983
8.徐勇.挣脱土地束缚之后的乡村困境及应对——农村人口流动与乡村治理的一项相关性分析.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000(2):5~11
9.王亚华,高瑞,孟庆国.中国农村公共事务治理的危机与响应.清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(2):23~29,195
10.蔡荣,蔡书凯.村庄规模、收入不均等性与村庄集体行动——以安徽省102个村庄的农田灌溉设施建设为例.经济评论,2014(1):48~57,69
11.高瑞,王亚华,陈春良.劳动力外流与农村公共事务治理.中国人口·资源与环境,2016(2):84~92
12.郝亚光.从男耕女织到男工女耕:“农业女性化”产生的缘由——以生产社会化为分析视角.社会主义研究,2012(2):82~86
13.狄金华,钟涨宝.土地流转中农村女性权益状况的实证分析——以河北省米村和湖北省石村为例.中国农村观察,2012(3):18~25,95~96
14.周春霞.农村空心化背景下乡村治理的困境与路径选择——以默顿的结构功能论为研究视角.南方农村,2012(3):68~73
15.杨翠萍.社会性别、比例政策与女性参与——以天津川村村委会选举为例.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(4):12~18
16.丁冬,郑风田,吴磊等.经济、社会异质性与农村集体行动水平——基于湖北省S县40村400个农户数据.中国人口·资源与环境,2013(9):56~61
17.褚保金,卢亚娟,张龙耀.信贷配给下农户借贷的福利效果分析.中国农村经济,2009(6):51~61
18.李雪松,黄彦彦.房价上涨、多套房决策与中国城镇居民储蓄率.经济研究,2015(9):100~113
19.冯晓龙,刘明月,霍学喜,陈宗兴.农户气候变化适应性决策对农业产出的影响效应——以陕西苹果种植户为例.中国农村经济,2017(3):31~45
20.温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用.心理学报,2005(2):268~274
21.苏岚岚,彭艳玲,孔荣.农民创业能力对创业获得感的影响研究——基于创业绩效中介效应与创业动机调节效应的分析.农业技术经济,2016(12):63~75
①数据来源: 国家统计局《2017 年农民工监测调查报告》。http: / /www．stats．gov．cn/tjsj/zxfb /201804 /t20180427_1596389. html
2.Kajisa K,Palanisami K,Sakurai T.Effects on poverty and equity of the decline in collective tank irrigation management in Tamil Nadu,India.Agricultural Economics,2007,36(3):347~362
3.Ito J.Collective action for local commons management in rural Yunnan,China:Empirical evidence and hypotheses using evolutionary game theory.Land Economics,2012,88(1):181~200
4.Dayton-Johnson J.Determinants of collective action on the local commons:a model with evidence from Mexico.Journal of Development Economics,2000,62(1):181~208
5.Fujiie M,Hayami Y,Kikuchi M.The conditions of collective action for local commons management:the case of irrigation in the Philippines.Agricultural Economics,2005,33(2):179~189
6.Ravnborg H M,De la Cruz A M,Guerrero M D P,et al.Collective action in ant control.CAPRi Working Paper 7,https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6242654.pdf,2000
7.Maddala G S.Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983
8.徐勇.挣脱土地束缚之后的乡村困境及应对——农村人口流动与乡村治理的一项相关性分析.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000(2):5~11
9.王亚华,高瑞,孟庆国.中国农村公共事务治理的危机与响应.清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(2):23~29,195
10.蔡荣,蔡书凯.村庄规模、收入不均等性与村庄集体行动——以安徽省102个村庄的农田灌溉设施建设为例.经济评论,2014(1):48~57,69
11.高瑞,王亚华,陈春良.劳动力外流与农村公共事务治理.中国人口·资源与环境,2016(2):84~92
12.郝亚光.从男耕女织到男工女耕:“农业女性化”产生的缘由——以生产社会化为分析视角.社会主义研究,2012(2):82~86
13.狄金华,钟涨宝.土地流转中农村女性权益状况的实证分析——以河北省米村和湖北省石村为例.中国农村观察,2012(3):18~25,95~96
14.周春霞.农村空心化背景下乡村治理的困境与路径选择——以默顿的结构功能论为研究视角.南方农村,2012(3):68~73
15.杨翠萍.社会性别、比例政策与女性参与——以天津川村村委会选举为例.华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(4):12~18
16.丁冬,郑风田,吴磊等.经济、社会异质性与农村集体行动水平——基于湖北省S县40村400个农户数据.中国人口·资源与环境,2013(9):56~61
17.褚保金,卢亚娟,张龙耀.信贷配给下农户借贷的福利效果分析.中国农村经济,2009(6):51~61
18.李雪松,黄彦彦.房价上涨、多套房决策与中国城镇居民储蓄率.经济研究,2015(9):100~113
19.冯晓龙,刘明月,霍学喜,陈宗兴.农户气候变化适应性决策对农业产出的影响效应——以陕西苹果种植户为例.中国农村经济,2017(3):31~45
20.温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用.心理学报,2005(2):268~274
21.苏岚岚,彭艳玲,孔荣.农民创业能力对创业获得感的影响研究——基于创业绩效中介效应与创业动机调节效应的分析.农业技术经济,2016(12):63~75
①数据来源: 国家统计局《2017 年农民工监测调查报告》。http: / /www．stats．gov．cn/tjsj/zxfb /201804 /t20180427_1596389. html