口腔科医务人员职业暴露调查及职业防护措施
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摘要
目的探讨口腔科医务人员职业暴露现状及职业防护措施执行情况。方法于2018年5月对本院及本市其他医疗机构的口腔科医务人员进行问卷调查,共回收有效问卷241份,分析职业暴露情况和职业防护措施执行情况。结果 241例口腔科医务人员中医生212例、护士109例、医技19例。口腔科医生和护士接触患者血液及其他分泌物,接触HIV、梅毒、乙肝等高危人群,使用锐器装置,异味刺激,噪声刺激,工作中长期处于不良姿势的职业暴露率均处于高水平,明显高于医技人员,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);口腔科医技人员和护士放射辐射暴露率处于高水平,明显高于口腔科医生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);口腔科医生、护士、医技人员接触修复材料等化学物质率均处于高水平,3者间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。口腔科护士在六步洗手法洗手、戴手套前后洗手、有喷溅可能性时戴面具、连续使用防护口罩<4 h的执行率方面明显优于口腔科医生和医技人员,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);口腔科医生和医技人员上述职业防护措施的执行率之间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。口腔科医生、护士、医技人员每年定期检查乙肝抗体的执行率均处于高水平,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论口腔科医务人员各职业暴露因素均处于较高水平,不同岗位的职业暴露因素存在差异;职业防护措施中每年定期检查乙肝抗体的执行率高,其余各项仍有提升空间,应重点加强对医生的强化教育。
Objective To investigate the status of occupational exposure and the implementation of occupational protection measures among dental medical staff. Methods A total of 241 valid questionnaires were collected from dental medical staff in our hospital and other medical institutions in our city. Occupational exposure and implementation of occupational protection measures were analyzed. Results There were 212 doctors, 109 nurses and 19 medical technicians in 241 dental medical staff. Dentists and nurses were exposed to blood and other secretions of patients, high-risk groups such as HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B, sharp instruments, odor stimulation, noise stimulation, and long-term occupational exposure in bad posture were at a high level, which was significantly higher than that of medical technicians The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The exposure rate of dental medical technicians and nurses to radiation was at a high level, which was significantly higher than that of dentists(P<0.01); the exposure rate of dental doctors, nurses and medical technicians to repair materials was at a high level, and there was no significant difference among them(P>0.05). Nurses in stomatology department performed better than dentists and medical staff in six-step hand washing, gloves washing before and after hand washing, wearing masks when there was possibility of splashing, and using protective masks for less than 4 hours continuously The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The implementation rate of the above occupational protective measures of dentists and medical staff was significantly higher than that of dentists and medical staff(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The execution rate of hepatitis B antibody of stomatologists, nurses and medical technicians was at a high level every year, with no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion The occupational exposure factors of dental medical staff are at a high level, and there are differences among occupational exposure factors in different positions. The implementation rate of regular examination of hepatitis B antibody in occupational protection measures is high every year, and there is still room for improvement in other items, among which the emphasis should be placed on strengthening the education of doctors.
Objective To investigate the status of occupational exposure and the implementation of occupational protection measures among dental medical staff. Methods A total of 241 valid questionnaires were collected from dental medical staff in our hospital and other medical institutions in our city. Occupational exposure and implementation of occupational protection measures were analyzed. Results There were 212 doctors, 109 nurses and 19 medical technicians in 241 dental medical staff. Dentists and nurses were exposed to blood and other secretions of patients, high-risk groups such as HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B, sharp instruments, odor stimulation, noise stimulation, and long-term occupational exposure in bad posture were at a high level, which was significantly higher than that of medical technicians The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The exposure rate of dental medical technicians and nurses to radiation was at a high level, which was significantly higher than that of dentists(P<0.01); the exposure rate of dental doctors, nurses and medical technicians to repair materials was at a high level, and there was no significant difference among them(P>0.05). Nurses in stomatology department performed better than dentists and medical staff in six-step hand washing, gloves washing before and after hand washing, wearing masks when there was possibility of splashing, and using protective masks for less than 4 hours continuously The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The implementation rate of the above occupational protective measures of dentists and medical staff was significantly higher than that of dentists and medical staff(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The execution rate of hepatitis B antibody of stomatologists, nurses and medical technicians was at a high level every year, with no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion The occupational exposure factors of dental medical staff are at a high level, and there are differences among occupational exposure factors in different positions. The implementation rate of regular examination of hepatitis B antibody in occupational protection measures is high every year, and there is still room for improvement in other items, among which the emphasis should be placed on strengthening the education of doctors.
引文
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[2] 靳晓红,杨筱君,李子建,等.医务人员艾滋病认知、相关态度和职业防护知识调查[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2015,33(4):425-426.
[3] 后岷红.口腔科医生职业健康状况的初步调查[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2016,34(4):314-315.
[4] 王桂明,闫玲,张玲,等.某院医务人员职业暴露监测[J].中国感染控制杂志,2015, 14(4):265-267.
[5] 唐仁章,王秀磊,孙少华,等.甘肃省不同经济地区医院医务人员锐器伤调查分析[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2016,26(11):2631-2633.
[6] 邝铭业.某骨科医院医务人员锐器伤调查分析及职业防护[J].中国卫生工程学,2017,16(5):644-645.
[7] 焦扬,窦双璐.天津市和平区口腔医护人员诊疗歧视态度调查[J].职业与健康,2016,32(3):354-357.