伊宁市道路土壤重金属污染现状及其环境质量评价
|
摘要
以伊宁市城区主干道旁表土层为研究对象,共采集52个土样,应用分光光度仪测定6种重金属(Hg,Cr,Ni,Pb,Cu和Zn)元素含量。基于地学统计法应用单项污染指数(CF)和污染负荷指数(PLI)研究道路重金属污染近况和解释环境质量问题。结果表明:(1)表土层中Hg、Ni、Pb和Cu的均值各超出新疆土壤背景值的2. 75、1. 48、2. 60倍和1. 52倍,Cr和Zn均未超其背景值。除Pb以外,其余元素含量均未超过国家土壤环境质量Ⅰ级标准(mg·kg~(-1))。(2)道路表土中6种元素均呈点和面状分布格局,各元素在研究区内均有高值,表明经济生产、工业发展、道路交通等人为活动对道路土壤生境具有消极影响。(3) Hg、Pb表现为区域性严重污染,Ni和Cu均呈不同水平的轻度污染等级,Cr和Zn的轻微污染和无污染等级分别占17. 31%、82. 69%和23. 08%、59. 62%。(4)研究区各元素CF均值从大到小顺次为:Pb、Hg、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr。重金属PLI平均值为1. 20,表现为轻度污染。土壤中Pb较其他重金属污染严重。
A total of 52 soil samples were collected from the topsoil beside the main roads in the downtown of Yining,and the contents of 6 heavy metals( Hg,Cr,Ni,Pb,Cu and Zn) were determined by spectrophotometer. The environmental quality related to heavy metal pollution in urban soil was studied by using CF and PLI index based on geostatistics. The results showed that:(1) The mean values of Hg,Ni,Pb and Cu in topsoil were 2. 75,1. 48,2. 60 and 1. 52 times higher than the background values of soil in Xinjiang respectively,and neither Cr nor Zn exceeded their background values of soil in Xinjiang. In addition to Pb,the contents of other elements did not exceed the levelⅠ of national soil environmental quality( mg·kg-1);(2) The 6 elements in urban soil were all distributed in point and planar patterns,and high values of all these elements occurred in urban soil in the study area,which indicated that human activities,such as economic production,industrial development and road traffic,had negative effects on soil habitats;(3) The Hg and Pb pollution was serious,and the Ni and Cu pollution was slight. Cr and Zn accounted for 17. 31% and 82. 69% at slight pollution level and 23. 08% and 59. 62% at non-pollution level,respectively;(4)The mean CF values of these elements in urban soil in the study area were in an order of Pb > Hg > Ni > Cu > Zn >Cr. The mean value of heavy metal PLI was 1. 20,which indicated that the urban soil was slightly polluted. Pb pollution was more serious than other heavy metals.
A total of 52 soil samples were collected from the topsoil beside the main roads in the downtown of Yining,and the contents of 6 heavy metals( Hg,Cr,Ni,Pb,Cu and Zn) were determined by spectrophotometer. The environmental quality related to heavy metal pollution in urban soil was studied by using CF and PLI index based on geostatistics. The results showed that:(1) The mean values of Hg,Ni,Pb and Cu in topsoil were 2. 75,1. 48,2. 60 and 1. 52 times higher than the background values of soil in Xinjiang respectively,and neither Cr nor Zn exceeded their background values of soil in Xinjiang. In addition to Pb,the contents of other elements did not exceed the levelⅠ of national soil environmental quality( mg·kg-1);(2) The 6 elements in urban soil were all distributed in point and planar patterns,and high values of all these elements occurred in urban soil in the study area,which indicated that human activities,such as economic production,industrial development and road traffic,had negative effects on soil habitats;(3) The Hg and Pb pollution was serious,and the Ni and Cu pollution was slight. Cr and Zn accounted for 17. 31% and 82. 69% at slight pollution level and 23. 08% and 59. 62% at non-pollution level,respectively;(4)The mean CF values of these elements in urban soil in the study area were in an order of Pb > Hg > Ni > Cu > Zn >Cr. The mean value of heavy metal PLI was 1. 20,which indicated that the urban soil was slightly polluted. Pb pollution was more serious than other heavy metals.
引文
[1]杨奇勇,谢运球,罗为群,等.基于地统计学的土壤重金属分布与污染风险评价[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):1-9.[Yang Qiyong,Xie Yunqiu,Luo Weiqun,et al.Spatial distribution and soil pollution risk evaluation of soil heavy metals content based on geostatistics[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):1-9.]
[2]齐鹏,张仁陟,张伯尧,等.兰州市土壤-蔬菜系统典型重金属空间评价及健康风险分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):162-170.[Qi Peng,Zhang Renzhi,Zhang Boyao,et al.Spatial analysis and the health risk assessment of typical heavy metal of soilvegetable system in Lanzhou city[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):162-170.]
[3]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1 037-1 044.[Li Yimeng,Ma Jianhua,Liu Dexin,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of urban soils in Kaifeng city,China[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(3):1 037-1 044.]
[4]刘玉燕,刘浩峰,刘敏.乌鲁木齐市地表灰尘重金属含量及其健康风险[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(5):750-754.[Liu Yuyan,Liu Haofeng,Liu Min.Concentration sand health risk assessment of urban surface dust in Urumqi[J].Arid Zone Research,2009,26(5):750-754.]
[5]陈高武.重庆都市圈土壤重金属元素迁移富集及生态效应研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.[Chen Gaowu.A Study on Migration and Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Soil and Their Ecological Effects in Chongqing Metropolitan Area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.]
[6]张阿龙,高瑞忠,张生,等.吉兰泰盐湖盆地土壤铬、汞、砷污染的负荷特征与健康风险评价[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(5):1 057-1 067.[Zhang Along,Gao Ruizhong,Zhang Sheng,et al.Pollution load characterist-ics and health risk assessment of heavy metals Cr,Hg and As in the Jilantai Salt Lake Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(5):1 057-1 067.]
[7]杨阳,周正朝,张福平,等.沣河沿岸土壤重金属分布特征及来源分析[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(2):237-243.[Yang Yang,Zhou Zhengchao,Zhang Fuping,et al.Spatial distribution and sources of heavy met-als in soil samples collected from the riparian area of the Fenghe river[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(2):237-243.]
[8]谢贤健,韩光中.基于普通克里格和投影寻踪模型的城市土壤重金属污染评价[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(9):1 584-1 590.[Xie Xianjian,Han Guangzhong.Evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution in Neijiang city based on Ordinary Kriging and Projection Pursuit Model[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(9):1 584-1 590.]
[9]刘德鸿,王发园,周文利,等.洛阳市不同功能区道路灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):253-259.[Liu Dehong,Wang Fayuan,Zhou Wenli,et al.Heavy metal pollution in street dusts from different functional zones of Luoyang city and its potential ecological risk[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(1):253-259.]
[10]刘浩峰,刘巍,刘玉燕,等.博斯腾湖湿地Cu、Ni和Pb的分布特征及其生态风险[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):390-394.[Liu Haofeng,Liu Wei,Liu Yuyan,et al.Distribution of Cu,Ni and Pb and ecolo-gical risk in the Bosten lake wetland[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):390-394.]
[11]赵其国,沈仁芳,滕应.中国土壤安全“一带一路”发展战略的思考[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(3):365-371.[Zhao Qiguo,Shen Renfang,Teng Ying.The Belt and Road development strategy of soil security in China[J]Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(3):365-371.]
[12]刘卫东.“一带一路”战略的科学内涵与科学问题[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(5):538-544.[Liu Weidong.Scientific understanding of the Belt and Road initiative of China and related research themes[J].Progress in Geography,2015,34(5):538-544.]
[13]许娇,陈坤铭,杨书菲,等.“一带一路”交通基础设施建设的国际经贸效应[J].亚太经济,2016(3):3-11.[Xu Jiao,Chen Kunming,Yang Shufei,et al.The impact of economic corridor transportation in frastructure under“the belt and road initiative”based on GTAP model[J].Asia-Pacific Economic Review,2016(3):3-11.]
[14]夏依木拉提·艾依达尔艾力.近55年来新疆伊宁市气候变化过程分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(6):878-884.[Xaymurat Aydaraili.Analysis on climatic change in Yining city in recent 55years[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(6):878-884.]
[15]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:329-368.[China Environmental Monitoring Station.Background Value of Soil Elements in China[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990:329-368.]
[16]GB15618-1995.中华人民共和国国家标准:土壤质量环境标准[S].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.[GB15618-1995.National Standard of the People’s Republic of China:Soil Quality Environmental Standard[S].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.]
[17]雷国建,陈志良,刘千钧,等.广州郊区土壤重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(增刊1):49-53.[Lei Guojian,Chen Zhiliang,Liu Qianjun,et al.The assessments of polluted degree and potential ecological hazards of heavy metals in suburban soil of Guangzhou city[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(Suppl.1):49-53.]
[18]李颖.呼和浩特市道路沿线土壤重金属的积累及影响因素[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2015.[Li Yin.Accumulation and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metals in the Soil Along the Road in Hohhot[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2015.]
[19]陈洪,特拉津·那斯尔,杨剑虹.伊犁河流域土壤重金属含量空间分布及其环境现状研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):100-105.[Chen Hong,Te Lajin Nasier,Yang Jianhong.Study of spatial distribution of heavy mental elements content and its environment status in the Ili river valley region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(3):100-105.]
[20]王桢,张建强,渡边泉,等.铁路和道路沿线土壤重金属含量及来源解析[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(2):364-372.[Wang Zhen,Zhang Jianqiang,Watanabe Izumi,et al.Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in soil near railway and Road[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(2):364-372.]
[21]罗艳丽,郑春霞,蒋平安,等.新疆奎屯垦区土壤重金属风险评价[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1 247-1 252.[Luo Yanli,Zheng Chunxia,Jiang Ping’an,et al.Assessment of ecological risk of heavy metals insoils in Kuitun,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(5):1 247-1 252.]
[22]刘玉燕,刘敏,刘浩峰.乌鲁木齐城市土壤中重金属分布[J].干旱区地理,2006,26(1):120-123.[Liu Yuyan,Liu Min,Liu Haofeng.Concentrations and health risk assessment of urban surface dust in Urumqi[J].Arid Land Geographyh,2006,26(1):120-123.]
[23]赖营帅,马媛媛,王卫,等.新疆“金三角”地区重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(7):1 381-1 389.[Lai Yingshuai,Ma Yuanyuan,Wang Wei,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of soils in the“Golden Triangle”region,Xinjiang[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(7):1 381-1 389.]
[24]王晓军.新疆昌吉典型地区几种土壤重金属元素含量分布及污染评价[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.[Wang Xiaojun.Distribution of Several Soil Heavy Metal Elements Content and Pollution Evaluation in Changji Typical Model Region,Xinjiang[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2011.]
[25]赵新儒,特拉津·那斯尔,程永毅,等.伊犁河流域土壤重金属环境地球化学基线研究及污染评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2 392-2 400.[Zhao Xinru,Telajin Nasier,Cheng Yongyi,et al.Environmental geochemical base line of heavy metals in soils of the Ili river basin and pollution evaluation[J].Environment Science,2014,35(6):2 392-2 400.]
[26]陈景辉,卢新卫,翟萌.西安城市路边土壤重金属来源与潜在风险[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1 810-1 816.[Chen Jinghui,Lu Xinwei,Zhai Meng.Sources and potential risk of heavy metals in road side soils of Xi’an city[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(7):1 810-1 816.]
[27]Yao Z G,Liu J H.Investigation and analysis of soil Pb contamination at two sides of arterial traffic in Yellow River delta area(English)[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(12):2 722-2 725.
[2]齐鹏,张仁陟,张伯尧,等.兰州市土壤-蔬菜系统典型重金属空间评价及健康风险分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):162-170.[Qi Peng,Zhang Renzhi,Zhang Boyao,et al.Spatial analysis and the health risk assessment of typical heavy metal of soilvegetable system in Lanzhou city[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):162-170.]
[3]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1 037-1 044.[Li Yimeng,Ma Jianhua,Liu Dexin,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of urban soils in Kaifeng city,China[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(3):1 037-1 044.]
[4]刘玉燕,刘浩峰,刘敏.乌鲁木齐市地表灰尘重金属含量及其健康风险[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(5):750-754.[Liu Yuyan,Liu Haofeng,Liu Min.Concentration sand health risk assessment of urban surface dust in Urumqi[J].Arid Zone Research,2009,26(5):750-754.]
[5]陈高武.重庆都市圈土壤重金属元素迁移富集及生态效应研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.[Chen Gaowu.A Study on Migration and Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Soil and Their Ecological Effects in Chongqing Metropolitan Area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.]
[6]张阿龙,高瑞忠,张生,等.吉兰泰盐湖盆地土壤铬、汞、砷污染的负荷特征与健康风险评价[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(5):1 057-1 067.[Zhang Along,Gao Ruizhong,Zhang Sheng,et al.Pollution load characterist-ics and health risk assessment of heavy metals Cr,Hg and As in the Jilantai Salt Lake Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(5):1 057-1 067.]
[7]杨阳,周正朝,张福平,等.沣河沿岸土壤重金属分布特征及来源分析[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(2):237-243.[Yang Yang,Zhou Zhengchao,Zhang Fuping,et al.Spatial distribution and sources of heavy met-als in soil samples collected from the riparian area of the Fenghe river[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(2):237-243.]
[8]谢贤健,韩光中.基于普通克里格和投影寻踪模型的城市土壤重金属污染评价[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(9):1 584-1 590.[Xie Xianjian,Han Guangzhong.Evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution in Neijiang city based on Ordinary Kriging and Projection Pursuit Model[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(9):1 584-1 590.]
[9]刘德鸿,王发园,周文利,等.洛阳市不同功能区道路灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):253-259.[Liu Dehong,Wang Fayuan,Zhou Wenli,et al.Heavy metal pollution in street dusts from different functional zones of Luoyang city and its potential ecological risk[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(1):253-259.]
[10]刘浩峰,刘巍,刘玉燕,等.博斯腾湖湿地Cu、Ni和Pb的分布特征及其生态风险[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):390-394.[Liu Haofeng,Liu Wei,Liu Yuyan,et al.Distribution of Cu,Ni and Pb and ecolo-gical risk in the Bosten lake wetland[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):390-394.]
[11]赵其国,沈仁芳,滕应.中国土壤安全“一带一路”发展战略的思考[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(3):365-371.[Zhao Qiguo,Shen Renfang,Teng Ying.The Belt and Road development strategy of soil security in China[J]Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(3):365-371.]
[12]刘卫东.“一带一路”战略的科学内涵与科学问题[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(5):538-544.[Liu Weidong.Scientific understanding of the Belt and Road initiative of China and related research themes[J].Progress in Geography,2015,34(5):538-544.]
[13]许娇,陈坤铭,杨书菲,等.“一带一路”交通基础设施建设的国际经贸效应[J].亚太经济,2016(3):3-11.[Xu Jiao,Chen Kunming,Yang Shufei,et al.The impact of economic corridor transportation in frastructure under“the belt and road initiative”based on GTAP model[J].Asia-Pacific Economic Review,2016(3):3-11.]
[14]夏依木拉提·艾依达尔艾力.近55年来新疆伊宁市气候变化过程分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(6):878-884.[Xaymurat Aydaraili.Analysis on climatic change in Yining city in recent 55years[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(6):878-884.]
[15]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:329-368.[China Environmental Monitoring Station.Background Value of Soil Elements in China[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990:329-368.]
[16]GB15618-1995.中华人民共和国国家标准:土壤质量环境标准[S].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.[GB15618-1995.National Standard of the People’s Republic of China:Soil Quality Environmental Standard[S].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.]
[17]雷国建,陈志良,刘千钧,等.广州郊区土壤重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(增刊1):49-53.[Lei Guojian,Chen Zhiliang,Liu Qianjun,et al.The assessments of polluted degree and potential ecological hazards of heavy metals in suburban soil of Guangzhou city[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(Suppl.1):49-53.]
[18]李颖.呼和浩特市道路沿线土壤重金属的积累及影响因素[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2015.[Li Yin.Accumulation and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metals in the Soil Along the Road in Hohhot[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2015.]
[19]陈洪,特拉津·那斯尔,杨剑虹.伊犁河流域土壤重金属含量空间分布及其环境现状研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):100-105.[Chen Hong,Te Lajin Nasier,Yang Jianhong.Study of spatial distribution of heavy mental elements content and its environment status in the Ili river valley region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(3):100-105.]
[20]王桢,张建强,渡边泉,等.铁路和道路沿线土壤重金属含量及来源解析[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(2):364-372.[Wang Zhen,Zhang Jianqiang,Watanabe Izumi,et al.Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in soil near railway and Road[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(2):364-372.]
[21]罗艳丽,郑春霞,蒋平安,等.新疆奎屯垦区土壤重金属风险评价[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1 247-1 252.[Luo Yanli,Zheng Chunxia,Jiang Ping’an,et al.Assessment of ecological risk of heavy metals insoils in Kuitun,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(5):1 247-1 252.]
[22]刘玉燕,刘敏,刘浩峰.乌鲁木齐城市土壤中重金属分布[J].干旱区地理,2006,26(1):120-123.[Liu Yuyan,Liu Min,Liu Haofeng.Concentrations and health risk assessment of urban surface dust in Urumqi[J].Arid Land Geographyh,2006,26(1):120-123.]
[23]赖营帅,马媛媛,王卫,等.新疆“金三角”地区重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(7):1 381-1 389.[Lai Yingshuai,Ma Yuanyuan,Wang Wei,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of soils in the“Golden Triangle”region,Xinjiang[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(7):1 381-1 389.]
[24]王晓军.新疆昌吉典型地区几种土壤重金属元素含量分布及污染评价[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.[Wang Xiaojun.Distribution of Several Soil Heavy Metal Elements Content and Pollution Evaluation in Changji Typical Model Region,Xinjiang[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2011.]
[25]赵新儒,特拉津·那斯尔,程永毅,等.伊犁河流域土壤重金属环境地球化学基线研究及污染评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2 392-2 400.[Zhao Xinru,Telajin Nasier,Cheng Yongyi,et al.Environmental geochemical base line of heavy metals in soils of the Ili river basin and pollution evaluation[J].Environment Science,2014,35(6):2 392-2 400.]
[26]陈景辉,卢新卫,翟萌.西安城市路边土壤重金属来源与潜在风险[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1 810-1 816.[Chen Jinghui,Lu Xinwei,Zhai Meng.Sources and potential risk of heavy metals in road side soils of Xi’an city[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(7):1 810-1 816.]
[27]Yao Z G,Liu J H.Investigation and analysis of soil Pb contamination at two sides of arterial traffic in Yellow River delta area(English)[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(12):2 722-2 725.