用于隔热保温的多孔氧化铝陶瓷的制备与研究
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摘要
多孔氧化铝陶瓷具有耐高温、低热导率等特点,是工业窑炉的隔热保温的首选材料。实验以α-Al_2O_3、煅烧铝矾土、苏州土为主要原料,采用物理发泡和注浆成型结合的方法制备了具有高气孔率、低热导率的多孔氧化铝陶瓷样品。通过正交实验确定了发泡剂的最佳配方为SDS添加量为0. 5 g·L~(-1)、CTAB添加量为0. 3 g·L~(-1)及水质量分数为50wt%。并探究了烧成温度对多孔氧化铝陶瓷样品的物理性能、相组成、热导率的影响,结果表明,经1500℃烧成后的最佳配方样品吸水率为13. 71%,气孔率为33. 14%,体积密度为2. 42 g·cm~(-3),在300℃下测得热导率为0. 83 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)。本实验制备的多孔氧化铝陶瓷样品的相组成为莫来石和刚玉,由于具有大量的气孔,相同能量下气体激发出的声子数量远少于固体,热导率远远低于固体,导致热导率低。
With the characteristic of high temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity,porous alumina ceramics have already become the preferred materials for thermal insulation in industrial kilns.Using α-Al_2O_3,calcined bauxite and Suzhou clay as main raw materials,porous alumina ceramics sample was prepared by means of physical foaming and grouting combination. Through the multiple orthogonal experiments,the best formula of the foaming agent is determined by orthogonal experiment is 0. 5 g·L~(-1) for SDS,0. 3 g · L~(-1) for CTAB and water mass fraction 50 wt%. Besides,the effects of sintering temperature on physical properties,phase compositions and thermal conductivity of porous alumina ceramics were investigated. The experimental results show that when the best formula sample sintered at 1500 ℃,the water absorption rate is 13. 71%,porosity is 33. 14%,bulk density is 2. 42 g/cm~(-3),and it has the thermal conductivity of 0. 83 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1) measured at 300 ℃. The phase compositions of porous alumina ceramic samples prepared in this experiment is mullite and corundum. Because porous alumina ceramics have a number of pores,and the number of phonons excited from gas is far less than that of solid under the same energy,thus the thermal conductivity is far lower than that of solid,resulting in low thermal conductivity.
With the characteristic of high temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity,porous alumina ceramics have already become the preferred materials for thermal insulation in industrial kilns.Using α-Al_2O_3,calcined bauxite and Suzhou clay as main raw materials,porous alumina ceramics sample was prepared by means of physical foaming and grouting combination. Through the multiple orthogonal experiments,the best formula of the foaming agent is determined by orthogonal experiment is 0. 5 g·L~(-1) for SDS,0. 3 g · L~(-1) for CTAB and water mass fraction 50 wt%. Besides,the effects of sintering temperature on physical properties,phase compositions and thermal conductivity of porous alumina ceramics were investigated. The experimental results show that when the best formula sample sintered at 1500 ℃,the water absorption rate is 13. 71%,porosity is 33. 14%,bulk density is 2. 42 g/cm~(-3),and it has the thermal conductivity of 0. 83 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1) measured at 300 ℃. The phase compositions of porous alumina ceramic samples prepared in this experiment is mullite and corundum. Because porous alumina ceramics have a number of pores,and the number of phonons excited from gas is far less than that of solid under the same energy,thus the thermal conductivity is far lower than that of solid,resulting in low thermal conductivity.
引文
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[25]徐鲲濠,孙阳,黄勇,等.凝胶注模工艺与发泡凝胶工艺制备隔热保温氧化铝多孔陶瓷的性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2011(s1):345-348.
[2]任以立,任燕明,张清,等.隔热耐火砖的节能选材与能源优化[C].新常态下耐火材料行业技术与发展研讨会论文集.北京:中国硅酸盐学会,2017.
[3]Mezquita A,Boix J,Monfort E,et al.Energy saving in ceramic tile kilns:cooling gas heat recovery[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,65(1-2):102-110.
[4]韩复兴.关于陶瓷窑炉节能问题的答疑[J].佛山陶瓷,2016,26(6):72-73.
[5]康永,张庆.有机泡沫浸渍法氧化铝多孔陶瓷制备研究[J].佛山陶瓷,2016,26(11):45-49.
[6]孙志强.多孔氧化物陶瓷的可控烧结制备及性能研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学(中国科学院过程工程研究所),2017.
[7]Li X,Wu P,Zhu D.Properties of porous alumina ceramics prepared by technique combining cold-drying and sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2013,41(3):437-441.
[8]李沅铮.尖晶石质保温隔热耐火材料的制备与性能研究[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学,2016.
[9]曾令可,胡动力,税安泽,等.多孔陶瓷制备新工艺及其进展[J].中国陶瓷,2007,43(4):7-11.
[10]王艳香,彭文,肖剑翔,等.氧化铝泡沫多孔陶瓷的制备[J].陶瓷学报,2011,32(3):403-406.
[11]Liu P S,Chen G F.Fabricating Porous Ceramics[M].Porous Materials,2014.
[12]邵庄,余柄峰.凝胶注模法制备多孔氧化铝陶瓷的研究[J].中国陶瓷,2007,43(10):50-52.
[13]赵华,黄丽华.利用注浆成型法制备高强度氧化铝陶瓷的研究[J].无机盐工业,2017,49(9):17-22.
[14]徐晓虹,焦国豪,吴建锋,等.注凝成型工艺制备Al2O3-Zr O2(3Y)-SiC复相陶瓷及其性能[J].硅酸盐学报,2010,38(10):1953-1958.
[15]Wang G,Yuan B,Han J,et al.Porous alumina based ceramics prepared by foaming method(Ⅰ)-Preparation and process optimization of porous pure alumina ceramics and large-sized specimens[J].Refractories,2017,51(5):321-328.
[16]王敏.直接发泡法制备结构可控泡沫陶瓷[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[17]Gonzenbach U T,Studart A R,Tervoort E,et al.Macroporous ceramics from particle-stabilized wet foams[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2010,90(1):16-22.
[18]张林,杜景红,甘国友,等.凝胶-发泡法制备多孔氧化铝隔热材料的研究[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(22):97-99.
[19]林宗寿.无机非金属材料工学[M].第4版.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2013:152-153.
[20]徐晓虹,邸永江,吴建锋,等.利用工业废渣研制环保陶瓷滤球[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(5):12-15.
[21]陈洁渝,严春杰,涂晶.苏州高岭土在不同温度下的结构与性能[J].非金属矿,2009,32(2):21-24.
[22]Zawrah M F,Khattab R M,Girgis L G,et al.Effect of CTAB as a foaming agent on the properties of alumina ceramic membranes[J].Ceramics International,2014,40(4):5299-5305.
[23]关振铎,张中太,焦金生.无机材料物理性能[M].第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2011:104-117.
[24]Liu J,Ren B,Zhu T,et al.Enhanced mechanical properties and decreased thermal conductivity of porous alumina ceramics by optimizing pore structure[J].Ceramics International,2018,44(11):13240-13246.
[25]徐鲲濠,孙阳,黄勇,等.凝胶注模工艺与发泡凝胶工艺制备隔热保温氧化铝多孔陶瓷的性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2011(s1):345-348.