4种适生植物对陇东地区油污土壤场地生态修复的响应
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摘要
[目的]选取陇东黄土高原地区4种本地植物作为试验材料,进行了为期3个月的场地生态修复工程,旨在为该地区开展油污土壤植物场地生态修复技术提供新的植物品种和基础数据参考。[方法]采用常规方法测定了不同油污浓度胁迫下受试植物根际土壤总石油烃(TPH)降解率、降解菌数量及部分生长指标在不同油污浓度胁迫时响应情况。[结果](1)紫花苜蓿和金盏菊根际TPH降解率在轻度污染时相对较高,而重度污染时菊科植物显著高于豆科植物(p<0.05);(2)油污浓度增加可显著抑制菊科植物根长以及豆科植物根际石油降解菌数量(p<0.05),亦对紫花苜蓿地上部干重及金盏菊地下部干重和株高则有显著促进作用(p<0.05);(3)方差分解结果显示:石油降解菌数量×TPH转移效率以及植物生长指标×石油降解菌数量的交互作用是决定两种菊科植物TPH降解率的关键因素。[结论]4种适生植物各项指标对陇东地区油污土壤场地生态修复的响应方式因种而异,而两种菊科植物油污耐受性和修复效果相对较好,因此在该地区具备一定的应用潜力。
[Objective]In order to select the optimal plant varieties for the ecological remediation of crude oil contaminated soil in Eastern Gansu Province,4 kinds of indigenous plants of this area were selected as the experimental material,and site ecological remediation project was conducted with an experimental period of three months.[Methods]The degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH),the number of crude-oil degrading bacteria and some plant growth indicators in rizospheric soil of four indigenous plants under different TPH concentrations stress were investigated by the conventional method.[Results] (1) The rizospheric soil TPH degradation rate of Medicago sativa and Calendula officinalis was higher than that of leguminous plants(p<0.05),and the chrysanthemum plants were significantly higher than the legumes during severe pollution.(2) The increase of TPH concentration could significantly inhibit the root length of compositae plants and the amount of rhizospheric crude-oil degradation bacteria of leguminous plants(p<0.05),while significantly promoted the dry weight of the aboveground part of M.sativa and plant length and dry weight of the underground part of C.officinalis(p<0.05).(3) The results of variance decomposition demonstrated that the interaction effect among the amount of crude-oil degradation bacteria×TPH transfer efficiency and the interaction of plant growth indexes×the amount of crude-oil degradation bacteria were the key factors determining the TPH degradation rate of C.officinalis and Gerbera jamesonii.[Conclusion]The response of 4 indigenous plants to the ecological restoration of crude-oil contaminated soil was varied from species to species,and the compositae plants exhibited better resistance and remediation effect,thus it had certain application potential in Eastern Gansu Province.
[Objective]In order to select the optimal plant varieties for the ecological remediation of crude oil contaminated soil in Eastern Gansu Province,4 kinds of indigenous plants of this area were selected as the experimental material,and site ecological remediation project was conducted with an experimental period of three months.[Methods]The degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH),the number of crude-oil degrading bacteria and some plant growth indicators in rizospheric soil of four indigenous plants under different TPH concentrations stress were investigated by the conventional method.[Results] (1) The rizospheric soil TPH degradation rate of Medicago sativa and Calendula officinalis was higher than that of leguminous plants(p<0.05),and the chrysanthemum plants were significantly higher than the legumes during severe pollution.(2) The increase of TPH concentration could significantly inhibit the root length of compositae plants and the amount of rhizospheric crude-oil degradation bacteria of leguminous plants(p<0.05),while significantly promoted the dry weight of the aboveground part of M.sativa and plant length and dry weight of the underground part of C.officinalis(p<0.05).(3) The results of variance decomposition demonstrated that the interaction effect among the amount of crude-oil degradation bacteria×TPH transfer efficiency and the interaction of plant growth indexes×the amount of crude-oil degradation bacteria were the key factors determining the TPH degradation rate of C.officinalis and Gerbera jamesonii.[Conclusion]The response of 4 indigenous plants to the ecological restoration of crude-oil contaminated soil was varied from species to species,and the compositae plants exhibited better resistance and remediation effect,thus it had certain application potential in Eastern Gansu Province.
引文
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[12]向言词,冯涛,刘炳荣,等.植物修复对锰尾渣污染土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):79-82.
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[14]程立娟,周启星.野生观赏植物长药八宝对石油烃污染土壤的修复研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):980-986.
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[16]于君宝,阚兴艳,王雪宏,等.黄河三角洲石油污染对湿地芦苇和碱蓬幼苗生长影响的模拟研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(10):1254-1260.
[17]弓晓峰,荣亮,杨丽珍,等.石油污染土壤对玉米生长的影响及其生态毒性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(10):71-75.
[18]Tang Jingchun,Wang Rugang,Niu Xiaowei,et al.Enhancement of soil petroleum remediation by using a combination of ryegrass(Lolium perenne)and different microorganisms[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2009,110(1):87-93.
[19]Sun Weimin,Dong Yiran,Gao Pin,et al.Microbial communities inhabiting oil-contaminated soils from two major oilfields in Northern China:Implications for active petroleum-degrading capacity[J].Journal of Microbiology,2015,53(6):371-378.
[20]Roman M,Lukasz C,Agnieszka P C,et al.Rhizosphere as a tool to introduce a soil isolated hydrocarbon degrading bacterial consortium into a wetland environment[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2015,97:135-142.
[21]Proffitt C E.Effects of oil on mangrove seedling grown under different environmental conditions[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1995,30(12):788-795.
[22]Getter C D,Ballou T G,Koons C B.Effects of dispersed oil on mangrove synthesis of a seven-year study[J].Marine Pollution Bulletion,1985,16(8):318-324.
[23]沈伟航,朱能武,王华金,等.石油污染土壤生物修复过程中毒性的植物指示[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):22-28.
[24]杨艳,凌婉婷,高彦征,等.几种多环芳烃的植物吸收作用及其对根系分泌物的影响[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(3):593-599.
[25]Escobar A L F,Vaca M,López R,et al.Hydrocarbon degradation andlead solubility inasoil polluted withlead andused motor oil treated bycomposting andphytoremediation[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018,100(2):280-285.
[26]王亚男,程立娟,周启星.萱草修复石油烃污染土壤的根际机制和根系代谢组学分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1978-1985.
[27]雒晓芳,陈丽华,杨成波,等.植物-微生物联合修复石油污染土壤的实验室模拟[J].兰州大学学报,2015,51(3):411-417.
[28]李先梅,肖易,吴芸紫,等.华北油田石油污染土壤的修复植物筛选[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(6):14-19.
[29]李小利,刘国彬,薛萐,等.土壤石油污染对植物苗期生长和土壤呼吸的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):95-98.
[2]Schwitzguébel J P.Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by organic compounds:Hype,hope and facts[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2017,17(5):1492-1502.
[3]山宝琴,张永涛,曹巧玲,等.6种陕北适生豆科植物生长对原油污染土壤的响应[J]环境科学,2014,35(4):1125-1130.
[4]王金成,周天林,井明博,等.陇东黄土高原地区石油污泥原位修复过程中土壤主要肥力指标动态变化分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(1):280-287.
[5]王金成,井明博,段春艳,等.陇东黄土高原石油污染土壤环境因子对金盏菊(Calendula officinalis)-微生物联合修复的响应[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2971-2981.
[6]高彦征,凌婉婷,朱利中,等.黑麦草对多环芳烃污染土壤的修复作用及机制[J].农村环境科学学报,2005,24(3):498-502.
[7]张敏,梁红,高大文,等.东北地区23种杂草对多环芳烃超积累特性研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):3088-3093.
[8]祁迎春,王建,王宏,等.陕北7种杂草种子对石油污染的耐受性研究[J].环境科技,2014,27(3):5-14.
[9]黄建,田长彦,卞卫国,等.4种盐生植物生长对土壤石油污染的响应[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(1):100-104.
[10]张松林,董庆士,周喜滨,等.人为石油污染土壤紫花首藉田间修复试验[J].兰州大学学报,2008,44(1):47-50.
[11]陈立,张发旺,刘少玉,等.中原油田石油污染土壤原位生物修复技术试验研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,10(5):2385-2390.
[12]向言词,冯涛,刘炳荣,等.植物修复对锰尾渣污染土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):79-82.
[13]王如刚,王敏,牛晓伟,等.超声-索氏萃取-重量法测定土壤中总石油烃含量[J].分析化学,2010,38(3):417-420.
[14]程立娟,周启星.野生观赏植物长药八宝对石油烃污染土壤的修复研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):980-986.
[15]张麟君,李凯荣,张晓阳.陕北黄土高原不同植物对石油污染物的吸收与积累[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(8):110-116.
[16]于君宝,阚兴艳,王雪宏,等.黄河三角洲石油污染对湿地芦苇和碱蓬幼苗生长影响的模拟研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(10):1254-1260.
[17]弓晓峰,荣亮,杨丽珍,等.石油污染土壤对玉米生长的影响及其生态毒性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(10):71-75.
[18]Tang Jingchun,Wang Rugang,Niu Xiaowei,et al.Enhancement of soil petroleum remediation by using a combination of ryegrass(Lolium perenne)and different microorganisms[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2009,110(1):87-93.
[19]Sun Weimin,Dong Yiran,Gao Pin,et al.Microbial communities inhabiting oil-contaminated soils from two major oilfields in Northern China:Implications for active petroleum-degrading capacity[J].Journal of Microbiology,2015,53(6):371-378.
[20]Roman M,Lukasz C,Agnieszka P C,et al.Rhizosphere as a tool to introduce a soil isolated hydrocarbon degrading bacterial consortium into a wetland environment[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2015,97:135-142.
[21]Proffitt C E.Effects of oil on mangrove seedling grown under different environmental conditions[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1995,30(12):788-795.
[22]Getter C D,Ballou T G,Koons C B.Effects of dispersed oil on mangrove synthesis of a seven-year study[J].Marine Pollution Bulletion,1985,16(8):318-324.
[23]沈伟航,朱能武,王华金,等.石油污染土壤生物修复过程中毒性的植物指示[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):22-28.
[24]杨艳,凌婉婷,高彦征,等.几种多环芳烃的植物吸收作用及其对根系分泌物的影响[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(3):593-599.
[25]Escobar A L F,Vaca M,López R,et al.Hydrocarbon degradation andlead solubility inasoil polluted withlead andused motor oil treated bycomposting andphytoremediation[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018,100(2):280-285.
[26]王亚男,程立娟,周启星.萱草修复石油烃污染土壤的根际机制和根系代谢组学分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1978-1985.
[27]雒晓芳,陈丽华,杨成波,等.植物-微生物联合修复石油污染土壤的实验室模拟[J].兰州大学学报,2015,51(3):411-417.
[28]李先梅,肖易,吴芸紫,等.华北油田石油污染土壤的修复植物筛选[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(6):14-19.
[29]李小利,刘国彬,薛萐,等.土壤石油污染对植物苗期生长和土壤呼吸的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):95-98.