微咸水灌溉滩涂稻田盐分动态及其水稻产量表现
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摘要
选用洗盐后连续种植4年、洗盐后第1年种植水稻的滩涂地块为研究对象,以邻近滩涂荒地为对照,开展全生育期稻田土壤耕层(0~20 cm)、浅层水、以及灌溉水源中盐分的动态观测,并进行不同种植年限(1年和4年)的水稻产量比较。结果表明,种植1年、4年的稻田耕层土壤盐分的变化趋势基本一致,最高点均出现在抽穗期,耕层含盐量分别为1.83 g/kg和1.38 g/kg,全生育期平均值分别为1.07 g/kg和1.01 g/kg;浅水层盐分含量表现为前期(分蘖期)较低,中后期(拔节孕穗期后)较高,这与水稻生长期间雨水分布、灌溉水含盐量有密切关系。连续种植4年的水稻较种植1年的增产46.3%,主要原因在于生物量、收获指数和单位面积穗数的显著增加。水稻收获后1 m深土层土壤盐分测定结果表明,滩涂种稻利用微咸水灌溉不存在盐渍化加重的风险。
Two paddy fields with continuous rice planting for four year,and rice planting for the first year via leaching by fresh water or brackish water,and adjacent beach wasteland as control,were used to monitor the salinity dynamics of topsoil( 0-20 cm),shallow water,irrigation water in paddy soil during whole growth period,and compare yield of rice with different planting years( one-year and four-year). The results indicated that salinity dynamics of topsoil for one-year and four-year rice planting were similar,the highest point appeared at heading stage,and soil salt content were 1. 83 g/kg and 1. 38 g/kg for one-year and four-year rice planting,respectively. Averaged salt content through whole growth period were 1. 07 g/kg and 1. 01 g/kg for one-year and four-year rice planting,respectively. The salt content in shallow water layer was lower in the early stage( tillering stage) and higher in the middle and later stage( after jointing stage),which was closely related to the distribution of rainfall and the salinity of irrigation water. Compared with one-year planting paddy field,rice yield in the paddy field with four-year continuously rice planting increased 46. 3% due to significant increase in biomass,harvest index and panicle number per unit area.The results of soil salinity determination in soil depth of one meter after rice harvesting showed that irrigation with brackish water had no risk of further salinization.
Two paddy fields with continuous rice planting for four year,and rice planting for the first year via leaching by fresh water or brackish water,and adjacent beach wasteland as control,were used to monitor the salinity dynamics of topsoil( 0-20 cm),shallow water,irrigation water in paddy soil during whole growth period,and compare yield of rice with different planting years( one-year and four-year). The results indicated that salinity dynamics of topsoil for one-year and four-year rice planting were similar,the highest point appeared at heading stage,and soil salt content were 1. 83 g/kg and 1. 38 g/kg for one-year and four-year rice planting,respectively. Averaged salt content through whole growth period were 1. 07 g/kg and 1. 01 g/kg for one-year and four-year rice planting,respectively. The salt content in shallow water layer was lower in the early stage( tillering stage) and higher in the middle and later stage( after jointing stage),which was closely related to the distribution of rainfall and the salinity of irrigation water. Compared with one-year planting paddy field,rice yield in the paddy field with four-year continuously rice planting increased 46. 3% due to significant increase in biomass,harvest index and panicle number per unit area.The results of soil salinity determination in soil depth of one meter after rice harvesting showed that irrigation with brackish water had no risk of further salinization.
引文
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[19]刘广明,彭世彰,杨劲松.不同控制灌溉方式下稻田土壤盐分动态变化研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):86-89.
[20]王文堂.为什么盐土中Cl-比SO2-4对作物的危害大?[J].土壤通报,1958(3):54-54.
[21]褚贵发,郎素秋,周新,等.水稻微咸水灌溉试验及开发研究[J].中国农村水利水电,1999(2):15-18.
[2]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴—2016[EB/OL].(2016-10-21)[2017-04-02].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/.
[3]MASS E V,HOFFMAN G J.Crop salt tolerance:Current assessment[J].Journal of the Irrigation&Drainage Division,1977,103(2):115-134.
[4]IRRI.Annual Report for 1967[M].Los Banos:International Rice Research Institute,1967:308.
[5]张文渊.沿海滩涂围垦造田种稻技术[J].农业科技通讯,1999(5):9.
[6]张战,张丽丽,倪善君,等.滨海盐碱土对水稻苗期生长及生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):111-114.
[7]ZENG L H,SHANNON M C.Effects of salinity on grain yield and yield components of rice at different seeding densities[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92(3):418-423.
[8]ZENG L H,SHANNON M C.Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components of rice[J].Crop Science,2000,40(4):996-1003.
[9]周毅,崔丰磊,杨萍,等.盐胁迫对不同品种水稻幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(1):90-93.
[10]朱萍,王华,夏伟,等.微酸性有机肥用量对滩涂土壤理化性状及水稻产量的影响[J].上海农业学报,2015,31(6):101-103.
[11]夏秀忠,张宗琼,杨行海,等.广西地方稻种资源核心种质的耐盐性鉴定评价[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(6):979-984.
[12]ZENG L H,SHANNON M C,GRIEVE C M.Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by multiple agronomic parameters[J].Euphytica,2002,127(2):235-245.
[13]信彩云,周学标,刘奇华,等.黄河三角洲盐碱土条件下水稻苗期耐盐指标筛选[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(1):23-28.
[14]ZENG L H,POSS J A,WILSON C,et al.Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by physiological characters[J].Euphytica,2003,129(3):281-292.
[15]HEENAN D P,LEWIN L G,MCCAFFERY D W.Salinity tolerance in rice varieties at different growth stages[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,1988,28(3):343-349.
[16]方先文,张所兵,张云辉,等.水稻高代创新品系苗期耐盐性鉴定[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(12):130-132.
[17]王相平,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.苏北滩涂水稻微咸水灌溉模式及土壤盐分动态变化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):54-63.
[18]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978:196-208.
[19]刘广明,彭世彰,杨劲松.不同控制灌溉方式下稻田土壤盐分动态变化研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):86-89.
[20]王文堂.为什么盐土中Cl-比SO2-4对作物的危害大?[J].土壤通报,1958(3):54-54.
[21]褚贵发,郎素秋,周新,等.水稻微咸水灌溉试验及开发研究[J].中国农村水利水电,1999(2):15-18.