等高横向聚土垄作对早春马铃薯产量和水分生产率的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究低纬高原山区早春马铃薯不同覆膜种植方式下,土壤水分生产率、土壤含水量动态变化、降水与土壤耕作层湿润深度等变化情况对马铃薯产量差异的影响。【方法】以当地马铃薯品种合作88号为材料,试验设置3个处理:T_1处理,等高横向聚土单垄地膜覆盖种植;T_2处理,等高横向平作半膜覆盖种植;T_3处理,以当地顺坡面平作半膜覆盖种植方式为对照(CK)。【结果】T_1处理的土壤含水量、土壤湿润深度和水分生产率极显著高于T_3处理(CK)3.8%~54.8%、2.2~58.1 cm和6.43~11.46kg/m~3。T_1处理的出苗率极显著高于T_3处理(CK)19.6%~22.3%。T_1处理的产量、经济效益极显著高于T_3处理(CK)82.6%~101.3%和130.8%~172.4%。【结论】T_1和T_2处理,尤其是T_1处理可明显促进早春马铃薯生长发育,提高马铃薯产量和水分生产率,经济、生产效益最佳。
【Objective】The aim of this study was to study the effects of soil moisture productivity,soil water content,precipitation and wetland depth on the yield of potato in early spring. 【Method】Potato varieties cooperation 88 were tested with three treatments,T_1,equal high transverse polygonal single mulching plastic film mulching; T_2,equal high horizontal flattened half-covered planting; T_3,arranging test with slope for half-covered planting(CK). 【Result】The results showed that the water content of soils,soil moisture depth and water productivity with T_1 treatment were 3. 8 %-54. 8 %,2. 2-58. 1 cm and 6. 43-11. 46 kg/m~3,respectively,which were highly significant higher than that of T_3 treatment; The emergence rate of the seedlings of T_1 treatment was19. 6 %-22. 3 %,which was highly significant higher than that of T_3 treatment with; T_1 treatment would effectively improve yield and economic highly significant higher than that of T_3 treatment by82. 6 %-101. 3 % and 130. 8 %-172. 4 %,respectively. 【Conclusion】T_1 treatment and T_2 treatment could obviously promote the growth of potato in early spring and improve the potato yield and water productivity.
【Objective】The aim of this study was to study the effects of soil moisture productivity,soil water content,precipitation and wetland depth on the yield of potato in early spring. 【Method】Potato varieties cooperation 88 were tested with three treatments,T_1,equal high transverse polygonal single mulching plastic film mulching; T_2,equal high horizontal flattened half-covered planting; T_3,arranging test with slope for half-covered planting(CK). 【Result】The results showed that the water content of soils,soil moisture depth and water productivity with T_1 treatment were 3. 8 %-54. 8 %,2. 2-58. 1 cm and 6. 43-11. 46 kg/m~3,respectively,which were highly significant higher than that of T_3 treatment; The emergence rate of the seedlings of T_1 treatment was19. 6 %-22. 3 %,which was highly significant higher than that of T_3 treatment with; T_1 treatment would effectively improve yield and economic highly significant higher than that of T_3 treatment by82. 6 %-101. 3 % and 130. 8 %-172. 4 %,respectively. 【Conclusion】T_1 treatment and T_2 treatment could obviously promote the growth of potato in early spring and improve the potato yield and water productivity.
引文
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[9]姚玉璧,王润元,邓振镛,等.黄土高原半干旱区气候变化及其对马铃薯生长发育的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):379-385.
[10]杨秀春,徐斌,严平,等.农牧交错带不同农田耕作模式土壤水分特征对比研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):125-129.
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[14]赵鸿,王润元,王鹤龄,等.半干旱雨养区苗期土壤温湿度增加对马铃薯生物量积累的影响[J].干旱气象,2013,31(2):290-297.
[15]姚玉璧,王润元,邓振镛,等.黄土高原半干旱区气候变化及其对马铃薯生长发育的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):379-385.
[16]姚玉璧,邓振镛,王润元,等.气候暖干化对甘肃马铃薯生产的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):196-202.
[17]秦舒浩,张俊莲,王蒂,等.覆膜与沟垄种植模式对旱作马铃薯产量形成及水分运移的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):389-394.
[18]刘匣,丁奠元,张浩杰,等.覆膜条件下对Aqua Crop模型冬小麦生长动态和土壤水分模拟效果的评价分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(10):1838-1851.
[19]刘炳忠,张鑫.国内外土壤墒情监测技术及应用[J].山东水利,2008(12):13-17.
[20]王鹏新,龚健雅,李小文.条件植被温度指数及其在干旱监测中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001(5):412-417.
[21]尤广兰,方子山,杜国平.马铃薯高垄双行整薯覆膜栽培技术研究[J].杂粮作物,2006,26(2):107-109.
[22]武军艳,孙万仓,杨杰,等.不同覆盖处理对甘肃中部地区甘蓝型冬油菜越冬率及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3):96-99.
[23]藏宁.覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2010(9):22-24.
[24]王红丽,张绪成,宋尚有,等.西北黄土高原旱地全膜双垄沟播种植对玉米季节性耗水和产量的调节机制[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):917-926.
[2]张哲元,张玉龙,黄毅.覆膜及深松配合措施对玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2009,40(5):1156-1159.
[3]薛俊武,任稳江,严昌荣.覆膜和垄作对黄土高原马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):74-79.
[4]张亦涛,王洪媛,刘宏斌,等.基于大型渗漏池监测的褐潮土农田水、氮淋失特征[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(1):110-119.
[5]王收良,王效瑜,吴林科,等.宁南丘陵地区马铃薯旱作覆膜集雨节水栽培技术研究[J].内蒙古农业科技,2011(3):56.
[6]王全民.马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2010(17):120.
[7]龙瑞平,肖继坪,郭华春,等.覆膜滴灌栽培对云南春马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(6):54-57.
[8]鲁向晖,隋艳艳,高鹏,等.宁夏南部山区不同耕作方式对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(5):35-39.
[9]姚玉璧,王润元,邓振镛,等.黄土高原半干旱区气候变化及其对马铃薯生长发育的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):379-385.
[10]杨秀春,徐斌,严平,等.农牧交错带不同农田耕作模式土壤水分特征对比研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):125-129.
[11]马月存,秦红灵,高旺盛,等.农牧交错带不同耕作方式土壤水分动态变化特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2523-2530.
[12]王立为,潘志华,高西宁,等.不同施肥水平对旱地马铃薯水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(2):54-58.
[13]陈阜,龙牧华.武川旱农试区农田水分生产潜力研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1995,13(4):14-18.
[14]赵鸿,王润元,王鹤龄,等.半干旱雨养区苗期土壤温湿度增加对马铃薯生物量积累的影响[J].干旱气象,2013,31(2):290-297.
[15]姚玉璧,王润元,邓振镛,等.黄土高原半干旱区气候变化及其对马铃薯生长发育的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):379-385.
[16]姚玉璧,邓振镛,王润元,等.气候暖干化对甘肃马铃薯生产的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):196-202.
[17]秦舒浩,张俊莲,王蒂,等.覆膜与沟垄种植模式对旱作马铃薯产量形成及水分运移的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):389-394.
[18]刘匣,丁奠元,张浩杰,等.覆膜条件下对Aqua Crop模型冬小麦生长动态和土壤水分模拟效果的评价分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(10):1838-1851.
[19]刘炳忠,张鑫.国内外土壤墒情监测技术及应用[J].山东水利,2008(12):13-17.
[20]王鹏新,龚健雅,李小文.条件植被温度指数及其在干旱监测中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001(5):412-417.
[21]尤广兰,方子山,杜国平.马铃薯高垄双行整薯覆膜栽培技术研究[J].杂粮作物,2006,26(2):107-109.
[22]武军艳,孙万仓,杨杰,等.不同覆盖处理对甘肃中部地区甘蓝型冬油菜越冬率及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3):96-99.
[23]藏宁.覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2010(9):22-24.
[24]王红丽,张绪成,宋尚有,等.西北黄土高原旱地全膜双垄沟播种植对玉米季节性耗水和产量的调节机制[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):917-926.