深厚覆盖层中弱透水层对渗流影响的试验研究
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摘要
我国西南、西北地区常存在强弱互层的深厚覆盖层坝基,弱透水层在深厚覆盖层坝基中对渗流影响较大,其影响规律需要深入研究。试验中将弱透水层设置在坝基的不同位置,变化垂直防渗墙的深度。试验结果表明,弱透水层处在中间位置处,其与防渗墙形成半封闭式联合防渗体系能有效降低坝基渗流量与出逸坡降;上江坝工程实例中,经半封闭式联合防渗体系降低后的渗流量及出逸坡降皆在允许范围内;从理论层面上考虑,该弱透水层若能加以利用,可大大减小防渗墙深度。此外,研究还发现,当防渗墙位置越深,其与防渗墙形成的半封闭式防渗体系越能有效减小渗流量及出逸坡降。研究成果能为类似工程提供一定的理论参考及建议,从而降低工程造价。
The deep overburden dam foundation of strong and weak layers is always met in Southwest and Northwest China.Weak aquifer in deep overburden dam foundation has a great influence on seepage.The influence law needs to be explored in depth.Weak aquifer is set at different positions underneath dam foundation in this test.The depth of vertical cuttoff wall is variable.The result of this test shows that when weak aquifer at the middle of dam foundation,cuttoff wall can form semi-closed combined seepage prevention system,which can effectively decrease seepage discharge of dam foundation and exit gradient.When the semi-closed combined seepage prevention system is adopted in Shangjiang dam,seepage discharge and exit gradient meet allowable requirements.If weak aquife can be utilized,the depth of cuttoff wall can be greatly reduced.This study also finds that when the position of cuttoff wall is deeper,the seepage control of semi-closed combined seepage prevention system caneffectively reduce seepage discharge and exit gradient.The results can provide some theoretical reference and suggestions for similar projects,so as to reduce the project cost.
The deep overburden dam foundation of strong and weak layers is always met in Southwest and Northwest China.Weak aquifer in deep overburden dam foundation has a great influence on seepage.The influence law needs to be explored in depth.Weak aquifer is set at different positions underneath dam foundation in this test.The depth of vertical cuttoff wall is variable.The result of this test shows that when weak aquifer at the middle of dam foundation,cuttoff wall can form semi-closed combined seepage prevention system,which can effectively decrease seepage discharge of dam foundation and exit gradient.When the semi-closed combined seepage prevention system is adopted in Shangjiang dam,seepage discharge and exit gradient meet allowable requirements.If weak aquife can be utilized,the depth of cuttoff wall can be greatly reduced.This study also finds that when the position of cuttoff wall is deeper,the seepage control of semi-closed combined seepage prevention system caneffectively reduce seepage discharge and exit gradient.The results can provide some theoretical reference and suggestions for similar projects,so as to reduce the project cost.
引文
Cao J.2007.Experimental study on the effect of suspended seepage controlling wall to control seepage failure[D].Nanjing:Hoha University.
Li Y L,Li Y L,Li P L.2009.Analysis on seepage of saturated and unsaturated soil of embankments on the lower Yellow River[J]Yellow River,31(11):18~20.
Liu J,Xie D S,Cui Y H.2008.Failure mechanism of seepage in levees with double-layer foundation[J].Shuili Xuebao,39(11):1211~1220.
Liu J.2014.Study on the seepage failure and control of soil[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press.
Mao H T,He H X,Shao D G,et al.2014.Experimental studies on seepage control of suspended cut-off wall on infinite deep pervious foundation[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,(4):44~51.
Mao H T.2010.Study on seepage control calculation method and antiseepage measures of earth-dam on the infinite deep pervious foundation[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University.
Wang B,Tang H M.2006.Numerical analysis of characteristic of seepage field in reservoir slope containing relative impermeable intercalated bed[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,27(S):193~197.
Wang Q G,Sun Y Z,Liu G F.2009.Properties and engineering significance of the river bed clay layer in Shangjiang dam of the Jinsha river[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(4):71~74,79.
Wang Q G.2009.Causes of riverbed deep cover and engineering significance of tiger leaping gorge reach of Jinsha river[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics Engineering,28(7):1455~1466.
Wang Q G.2009.Major geological problems concerning hydropower development of tiger leaping gorge of Jinsha river[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,31(8):1292~1298.
Wang Z C,Mao H T,Jiang H B,et al.2016.Effect of weak aquifer depth to seepage prevention of dam foundation on thick overburden layer[J].Yangtze River,47(7):54~58.
Wu M X,Yang L Z,Wang F.2013.Seepage analysis of a dam foundation with deep deposit composed of strong and weak permeable layers alternately[J].Shuili Xuebao,44(12):1439~1447.
Xie X H,Wang G Q.2009.A study of anti-seepage wall depth in thick overburden dam base[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,30(9):2708~2711.
Zhang F,Lu X C,Tian B,et al.2014.Analysis of permeability characteristics of earth-rock cofferdam foundation based on changes in deep overburden[J].Yellow River,36(8):127~129.
Zhou H X,Cao H,Lin J M.2005.Study on the influence of failure mechanism of piping model test overlay simulation method[J].Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower,(2):6~7.
曹杰.2007.悬挂式防渗墙防渗效果的模拟试验研究[D].南京:河海大学.
李永乐,李艳丽,李朋鲁.2009.黄河下游大堤饱和-非饱和土渗流分析[J].人民黄河,31(11):18~20.
刘杰,谢定松,崔亦昊.2008.江河大堤双层地基渗透破坏机理模型试验研究[J].水利学报,39(11):1211~1220.
刘杰.2014.土的渗透破坏及控制研究[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社.
毛海涛,何华祥,邵东国,等.2014.无限深透水坝基上悬挂式防渗墙控制渗流试验研究[J].水利水运工程学报,(4):44~51.
毛海涛.2010.无限深透水地基上土石坝坝基渗流控制计算方法和防渗措施的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.
汪斌,唐辉明.2006.含弱透水层岸坡地下水渗流特征的数值分析[J].岩土力学,27(增):193~197.
王启国,孙云志,刘高峰.2009.金沙江上江坝址河床黏土层特性及工程意义[J].水文地质工程地质,(4):71~74,79.
王启国.2009a.金沙江虎跳峡河段河床深厚覆盖层成因及工程意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,28(7):1455~1466.
王启国.2009b.金沙江虎跳峡河段水电开发重大工程地质问题研究[J].岩土工程学报,31(8):1292~1298.
王正成,毛海涛,姜海波,等.2016.弱透水层深度对深厚覆盖层坝基渗控的影响研究[J].人民长江,47(7):54~58.
吴梦喜,杨连枝,王锋.2013.强弱透水相间深厚覆盖层坝基的渗流分析[J].水利学报,44(12):1439~1447.
谢兴华,王国庆.2009.深厚覆盖层坝基防渗墙深度研究[J].岩土力学,30(9):2708~2711.
张飞,卢晓春,田斌,等.2014.基于深厚覆盖层变化的土石围堰堰基渗透特性[J].人民黄河,36(8):127~129.
周红星,曹洪,林洁梅.2005.管涌破坏机理模型试验覆盖层模拟方法的影响研究[J].广东水利水电,(2):6~7.
Li Y L,Li Y L,Li P L.2009.Analysis on seepage of saturated and unsaturated soil of embankments on the lower Yellow River[J]Yellow River,31(11):18~20.
Liu J,Xie D S,Cui Y H.2008.Failure mechanism of seepage in levees with double-layer foundation[J].Shuili Xuebao,39(11):1211~1220.
Liu J.2014.Study on the seepage failure and control of soil[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press.
Mao H T,He H X,Shao D G,et al.2014.Experimental studies on seepage control of suspended cut-off wall on infinite deep pervious foundation[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,(4):44~51.
Mao H T.2010.Study on seepage control calculation method and antiseepage measures of earth-dam on the infinite deep pervious foundation[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University.
Wang B,Tang H M.2006.Numerical analysis of characteristic of seepage field in reservoir slope containing relative impermeable intercalated bed[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,27(S):193~197.
Wang Q G,Sun Y Z,Liu G F.2009.Properties and engineering significance of the river bed clay layer in Shangjiang dam of the Jinsha river[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(4):71~74,79.
Wang Q G.2009.Causes of riverbed deep cover and engineering significance of tiger leaping gorge reach of Jinsha river[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics Engineering,28(7):1455~1466.
Wang Q G.2009.Major geological problems concerning hydropower development of tiger leaping gorge of Jinsha river[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,31(8):1292~1298.
Wang Z C,Mao H T,Jiang H B,et al.2016.Effect of weak aquifer depth to seepage prevention of dam foundation on thick overburden layer[J].Yangtze River,47(7):54~58.
Wu M X,Yang L Z,Wang F.2013.Seepage analysis of a dam foundation with deep deposit composed of strong and weak permeable layers alternately[J].Shuili Xuebao,44(12):1439~1447.
Xie X H,Wang G Q.2009.A study of anti-seepage wall depth in thick overburden dam base[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,30(9):2708~2711.
Zhang F,Lu X C,Tian B,et al.2014.Analysis of permeability characteristics of earth-rock cofferdam foundation based on changes in deep overburden[J].Yellow River,36(8):127~129.
Zhou H X,Cao H,Lin J M.2005.Study on the influence of failure mechanism of piping model test overlay simulation method[J].Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower,(2):6~7.
曹杰.2007.悬挂式防渗墙防渗效果的模拟试验研究[D].南京:河海大学.
李永乐,李艳丽,李朋鲁.2009.黄河下游大堤饱和-非饱和土渗流分析[J].人民黄河,31(11):18~20.
刘杰,谢定松,崔亦昊.2008.江河大堤双层地基渗透破坏机理模型试验研究[J].水利学报,39(11):1211~1220.
刘杰.2014.土的渗透破坏及控制研究[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社.
毛海涛,何华祥,邵东国,等.2014.无限深透水坝基上悬挂式防渗墙控制渗流试验研究[J].水利水运工程学报,(4):44~51.
毛海涛.2010.无限深透水地基上土石坝坝基渗流控制计算方法和防渗措施的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.
汪斌,唐辉明.2006.含弱透水层岸坡地下水渗流特征的数值分析[J].岩土力学,27(增):193~197.
王启国,孙云志,刘高峰.2009.金沙江上江坝址河床黏土层特性及工程意义[J].水文地质工程地质,(4):71~74,79.
王启国.2009a.金沙江虎跳峡河段河床深厚覆盖层成因及工程意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,28(7):1455~1466.
王启国.2009b.金沙江虎跳峡河段水电开发重大工程地质问题研究[J].岩土工程学报,31(8):1292~1298.
王正成,毛海涛,姜海波,等.2016.弱透水层深度对深厚覆盖层坝基渗控的影响研究[J].人民长江,47(7):54~58.
吴梦喜,杨连枝,王锋.2013.强弱透水相间深厚覆盖层坝基的渗流分析[J].水利学报,44(12):1439~1447.
谢兴华,王国庆.2009.深厚覆盖层坝基防渗墙深度研究[J].岩土力学,30(9):2708~2711.
张飞,卢晓春,田斌,等.2014.基于深厚覆盖层变化的土石围堰堰基渗透特性[J].人民黄河,36(8):127~129.
周红星,曹洪,林洁梅.2005.管涌破坏机理模型试验覆盖层模拟方法的影响研究[J].广东水利水电,(2):6~7.