琼东南盆地深水区L18气田上新统地层圈闭气田形成条件及成藏模式
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摘要
近期在琼东南盆地超深水区发现了L18气田上新统地层圈闭气田,但在聚气背景、烃源岩、储层沉积成因及天然气输导体系等气田形成条件和成藏模式认识存在争议。通过对该气田形成条件的综合分析,认为上新世轴向古洼槽内地层圈闭、陵水凹陷东洼下渐新统崖城组浅海相烃源岩、上新统限制型重力流砂岩储层和渐新统-中新统断裂垂向沟源通道是形成上新统地层圈闭气田的4个基本条件。中中新世以来盆地中央继承性发育轴向古洼槽和限制型重力流沉积,随着后期地层沉积迁移、差异压实作用,上新统莺歌海组砂岩顶面在轴向洼槽内起伏,并被周边泥岩封盖、封堵,形成了地层圈闭;约3.4 Ma BP,陵水凹陷东洼下渐新统崖城组浅海相烃源岩生成了成熟天然气,沿渐新统-中新统断裂向上运移到上新统莺歌海组重力流沉积砂岩中,再侧向运移至地层圈闭中聚集成藏,具有"烃源岩、圈闭、断裂+砂岩输导层"三要素控藏的上新统地层圈闭成藏模式。
The Pliocene strata-trapped gas field L18 has been discovered recently in the ultra-deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin.There are considerable debates regarding what the accumulation background is and how the source rock developed and the reservoir deposited and what the gas migration pathway and the gas accumulation model are in the gas field L18. Our integrate study reveals that besides developing strata-trap within axial paleo-groove where the natural gas accumulated Pliocene, the formation conditions of the gas field L18 are required to develop the mature marine source rock in the Oligocene Yacheng Formation and the axial confined gravity flow sandstone reservoirs Pliocene, as well as the fault migration pathway in the Oligocene and Miocene in the eastern Lingshui Sag. Our comprehensive research on accumulation model show that the sandstone reservoirs that deposited in the axial confined paleo-groove, and their tops fluctuated due to the later depositional migration and the differential compaction, and are sealed by the adjacent abyssal mudstone deposits, formed the stratigraphic traps of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation.The mature natural gas has been generated from the marine source rock in the Oligocene Yacheng Formation in the eastern Linshui Sag since 3.4 Ma BP, migrated upward to the sandstone reservoirs in the Yinggehai Formation, then moved laterally into the strata-trapped area and accumulated. The source rock, the valid trap and the migration pathway composing of faults and sandstones together contributed to the natural gas accumulation in the gas field L18.
The Pliocene strata-trapped gas field L18 has been discovered recently in the ultra-deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin.There are considerable debates regarding what the accumulation background is and how the source rock developed and the reservoir deposited and what the gas migration pathway and the gas accumulation model are in the gas field L18. Our integrate study reveals that besides developing strata-trap within axial paleo-groove where the natural gas accumulated Pliocene, the formation conditions of the gas field L18 are required to develop the mature marine source rock in the Oligocene Yacheng Formation and the axial confined gravity flow sandstone reservoirs Pliocene, as well as the fault migration pathway in the Oligocene and Miocene in the eastern Lingshui Sag. Our comprehensive research on accumulation model show that the sandstone reservoirs that deposited in the axial confined paleo-groove, and their tops fluctuated due to the later depositional migration and the differential compaction, and are sealed by the adjacent abyssal mudstone deposits, formed the stratigraphic traps of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation.The mature natural gas has been generated from the marine source rock in the Oligocene Yacheng Formation in the eastern Linshui Sag since 3.4 Ma BP, migrated upward to the sandstone reservoirs in the Yinggehai Formation, then moved laterally into the strata-trapped area and accumulated. The source rock, the valid trap and the migration pathway composing of faults and sandstones together contributed to the natural gas accumulation in the gas field L18.
引文
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[18] 姚哲, 王振峰, 左倩媚, 等. 琼东南盆地中央峡谷深水大气田形成关键要素与勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(11): 1358-1366. Yao Zhe, Wang Zhenfeng, Zuo Qianmei, et al. Critical factors for the formation of large-scale deepwater gas field in Central Canyon System of Southeast Hainan Basin and its exploration potential[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(11): 1358-1366.
[19] 张迎朝, 徐新德, 甘军, 等. 琼东南盆地深水大气田地质特征、成藏模式及勘探方向研究[J]. 地质学报, 2017, 91(7): 1620-1633. Zhang Yingzhao, Xu Xinde, Gan Jun, et al. Study on the geological characteristics, accumulation model and exploration direction of the giant deepwater gas field in the Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2017, 91(7): 1620-1633.
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[2] 秦雁群, 张光亚, 计智峰, 等. 印度东部盆地群地质特征、油气成藏与深水区勘探潜力[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(5): 691-703. Qin Yanqun, Zhang Guangya, Ji Zhifeng, et al. Geological features, hydrocarbon accumulation and deep water potential of East Indian basins[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(5): 691-703.
[3] Symons W O, Sumner E J, Paull C K, et al. A new model for turbidity current behavior based on integration of flow monitoring and precision coring in a submarine canyon[J]. Geology, 2017, 45(4): 367-370.
[4] Kane I A, Pontén A S M, Vangdal B, et al. The stratigraphic record and processes of turbidity current transformation across deep-marine lobes[J]. Sedimentology, 2017, 64(4): 1236-1273.
[5] Martinsen O J, Pulham A J, Elliott T, et al. Deep-water clastic systems in the Upper Carboniferous (Upper Mississippian-Lower Pennsylvanian) Shannon Basin, western Ireland[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2017, 101(4): 433-439.
[6] 朱伟林, 钟锴, 李友川, 等. 南海北部深水区油气成藏与勘探[J]. 科学通报, 2012, 57(20): 1833-1841. Zhu Weilin, Zhong Kai, Li Youchuan, et al. Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration potential of the northern South China Sea deepwater basins[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2012, 57(24): 3121-3129.
[7] 黄保家, 李绪深, 王振峰, 等. 琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩地球化学特征与天然气潜力[J]. 中国海上油气, 2012, 24(4): 1-7. Huang Baojia, Li Xushen, Wang Zhenfeng, et al. Source rock geochemistry and gas potential in the deep water area, Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2012, 24(4): 1-7.
[8] Jackson C A L. The initiation of submarine slope failure and the emplacement of mass transport complexes in salt-related minibasins: a three-dimensional seismic-reflection case study from the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil[J]. GSA Bulletin, 2012, 124(5/6): 746-761.
[9] 张功成, 米立军, 屈红军, 等. 中国海域深水区油气地质[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(S2): 1-14. Zhang Gongcheng, Mi Lijun, Qu Hongjun, et al. Petroleum geology of deep-water areas in offshore China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(S2): 1-14.
[10] 陈亮, 庞雄, 刘军, 等. 珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水重力流优质砂岩储集层特征及识别方法[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2015, 42(4): 463-471. Chen Liang, Pang Xiong, Liu Jun, et al. Characteristics and identification of high quality deep-water gravity flow sandstone reservoirs in Baiyun sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(4): 463-471.
[11] 张文彪, 段太忠, 刘志强, 等. 深水浊积水道多点地质统计模拟——以安哥拉Plutonio油田为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43(3): 403-410. Zhang Wenbiao, Duan Taizhong, Liu Zhiqiang, et al. Application of multi-point geostatistics in deep-water turbidity channel simulation: a case study of Plutonio Oilfield in Angola[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(3): 403-410.
[12] 李相博, 卫平生, 刘化清, 等. 浅谈沉积物重力流分类与深水沉积模式[J]. 地质论评, 2013, 59(4): 607-614. Li Xiangbo, Wei Pingsheng, Liu Huaqing, et al. Discussion on the classification of sediment gravity flow and the deep-water sedimentary model[J]. Geological Review, 2013, 59(4): 607-614.
[13] 许怀智, 蔡东升, 孙志鹏, 等. 琼东南盆地中央峡谷沉积充填特征及油气地质意义[J]. 地质学报, 2012, 86(4): 641-650. Xu Huaizhi, Cai Dongsheng, Sun Zhipeng, et al. Filling characters of central submarine canyon of Qiongdongnan Basin and its significance of petroleum geology[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(4): 641-650.
[14] 许怀智, 张迎朝, 林春明, 等. 琼东南盆地中央峡谷天然气成藏特征及其主控因素[J]. 地质学报, 2014, 88(9): 1741-1752. Xu Huaizhi, Zhang Yingzhao, Lin Chunming, et al. Characteristics and key controlling factors of natural gas accumulation in the Central Submarine Canyon, Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2014, 88(9): 1741-1752.
[15] 谢玉洪. 南海北部自营深水天然气勘探重大突破及其启示[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34(10): 1-8. Xie Yuhong. A major breakthrough in deepwater natural gas exploration in a self-run oil/gas field in the northern South China Sea and its enlightenment[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(10): 1-8.
[16] 杨金海, 李才, 李涛, 等. 琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷天然气成藏条件与成藏模式[J]. 地质学报, 2014, 88(11): 2141-2149. Yang Jinhai, Li Cai, Li Tao, et al. Accumulation condition and model of gas reservoir in central caynon in deepwater area of northern South China Sea[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2014, 88(11): 2141-2149.
[17] 王振峰, 孙志鹏, 朱继田, 等. 南海西部深水区天然气地质与大气田重大发现[J]. 天然气工业. 2015, 35(10): 11-20. Wang Zhenfeng, Sun Zhipeng, Zhu Jitian, et al. Natural gas geological characteristics and great discovery of large gas fields in deep water area of the western South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015, 35(10): 11-20.
[18] 姚哲, 王振峰, 左倩媚, 等. 琼东南盆地中央峡谷深水大气田形成关键要素与勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(11): 1358-1366. Yao Zhe, Wang Zhenfeng, Zuo Qianmei, et al. Critical factors for the formation of large-scale deepwater gas field in Central Canyon System of Southeast Hainan Basin and its exploration potential[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(11): 1358-1366.
[19] 张迎朝, 徐新德, 甘军, 等. 琼东南盆地深水大气田地质特征、成藏模式及勘探方向研究[J]. 地质学报, 2017, 91(7): 1620-1633. Zhang Yingzhao, Xu Xinde, Gan Jun, et al. Study on the geological characteristics, accumulation model and exploration direction of the giant deepwater gas field in the Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2017, 91(7): 1620-1633.
[20] 戴金星, 裴锡古, 戚厚发. 中国天然气地质学: 卷一[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1992. Dai Jinxin, Pei Xigu, Qi Houfa. Natural Gas Geology in China (Volume 1)[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Publishing Press, 1992.
[21] Schoell M. Genetic characterization of natural gases[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1983, 67(12): 2225-2238.
[22] 王世谦. 四川盆地侏罗系—震旦系天然气的地球化学特征[J]. 天然气工业, 1994, 14(6): 1-5. Wang Shiqian. Geo-chemical characteristics of Jurassic-Sinian gas in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 1994, 14(6): 1-5.
[23] 苗忠英, 陈践发, 郭建军, 等. 塔里木盆地天然气中丁烷的地球化学特征[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2011, 40(4): 592-597. Miao Zhongying, Chen Jianfa, Guo Jianjun, et al. Geochemistical characteristics of butane gas in Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2011, 40(4): 592-597.
[24] 张迎朝, 范彩伟, 徐新德, 等. 南海琼东南盆地东区天然气成因类型与烃源探讨[J]. 石油实验地质, 2015, 37(4): 466-472. Zhang Yingzhao, Fan Caiwei, Xu Xinde, et al. Genesis and sources of natural gas in eastern Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2015, 37(4): 466-472.
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