科技项目、科技认定与企业研发投入
|
摘要
利用江苏省苏州市1413家企业微观调研数据,运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)考察了政府科技项目的分配倾向及其对企业研发投入的激励效应,并将政府不同研发支持方式的内在相互作用纳入分析框架。研究发现,政府科技项目倾向于支持那些曾获得科技认定、内部研发投入大(研发资金、研发人员)、技术基础强的企业,科技认定是政府科技项目分配的重要依据。参与政府科技项目对企业研发投入具有显著的激励效应,其平均研发强度比未参与政府科技项目的企业高出3.75个百分点。这种激励效果受到科技认定等因素的影响,在获得科技认定的企业中,政府科技项目对企业研发投入具有显著的正向激励作用,在未获科技认定的企业中,这种激励效果不显著。
Based on the survey data of 1413 enterprises in Suzhou, we use the propensity score matching method(PSM) to analysis the distribution tendency of government's science and technology projects and the incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. We consider the internal interaction between government's different R&D supporting methods. This paper finds that government's science and technology projects tend to support enterprises that have high-tech recognitions, stronger investments in R&D and better technical bases. Scientific and technological projects have a significant incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. These enterprises' average R&D intensity is 3.75 percentage points higher than that of the enterprises that have not participated. This incentive effect is influenced by factors such as high-tech recognition. In the enterprises which have obtained high-tech recognition, the government science and technology projects have a significant positive incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. This incentive effect is not significant in the enterprises without high-tech recognition.
Based on the survey data of 1413 enterprises in Suzhou, we use the propensity score matching method(PSM) to analysis the distribution tendency of government's science and technology projects and the incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. We consider the internal interaction between government's different R&D supporting methods. This paper finds that government's science and technology projects tend to support enterprises that have high-tech recognitions, stronger investments in R&D and better technical bases. Scientific and technological projects have a significant incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. These enterprises' average R&D intensity is 3.75 percentage points higher than that of the enterprises that have not participated. This incentive effect is influenced by factors such as high-tech recognition. In the enterprises which have obtained high-tech recognition, the government science and technology projects have a significant positive incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. This incentive effect is not significant in the enterprises without high-tech recognition.
引文
[1] Arrow K J.The economic implications of learning by doing[J].The Review of Economic Studies,1962,29(3):155-173.
[2] Clausen T H.Do subsidies have positive impacts on R&D and innovation activities at the firm level?[J].Structural Change & Economic Dynamics,2009,20(4):239-253.
[3] Oliviero A C.R&D subsidies and private R&D expenditures:Evidence from Italian manufacturing data[J].International Review of Applied Economics,2011,25(4):419-439.
[4] Hud M,Hussinger K.The impact of R&D subsidies during the crisis[J].Research Policy,2015,44(10):1844-1855.
[5] 程华,赵祥.企业规模、研发强度、资助强度与政府科技资助的绩效关系研究——基于浙江民营科技企业的实证研究[J].科研管理,2008,29(2):37-43.
[6] 廖信林,顾炜宇,王立勇.政府R&D资助效果、影响因素与资助对象选择——基于促进企业R&D投入的视角[J].中国工业经济,2013,(11):148-160.
[7] 陈玲,杨文辉.政府研发补贴会促进企业创新吗?——来自中国上市公司的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2016,34(3):433-442.
[8] 郑延冰.民营科技企业研发投入、研发效率与政府资助[J].科学学研究,2016,34(7):1036-1043.
[9] Busom I.An empirical evaluation of the effects of R&D subsidies[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2000,9(2):111-148.
[10] Wallsten S J.The effects of government-industry R&D programs on private R&D:The case of the small business innovation research program[J].Rand Journal of Economics,2000,31(1):82-100.
[11] 肖丁丁,朱桂龙,王静.政府科技投入对企业R&D支出影响的再审视——基于分位数回归的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2013,25(3):25-32.
[12] González X,Pazó C.Do public subsidies stimulate private R&D spending?[J].Research Policy,2008,37(3):371-389.
[13] 张杰,陈志远,杨连星,等.中国创新补贴政策的绩效评估:理论与证据[J].经济研究,2015,(10):4-17.
[14] Branstetter L G,Sakakibara M.When do research consortia work well and why?Evidence from Japanese panel data[J].The American Economic Review,2002,92(1):143-159.
[15] Jaffe A B,Le T.The impact of R&D subsidy on innovation:A study of New Zealand firms[J].NBER Working Paper,2015,No.21479.
[16] 白俊红,李婧.政府R&D资助与企业技术创新——基于效率视角的实证分析[J].金融研究,2011,(6):181-193.
[17] 秦雪征,尹志锋,周建波,等.国家科技计划与中小型企业创新:基于匹配模型的分析[J].管理世界,2012,223(4):70-81.
[18] 栾强,罗守贵.政府R&D经费投入效率及其影响因素研究——基于91399个微观样本数据的分析[J].研究与发展管理,2016,28(6):71-79.
[19] 赵袁军,许桂苹,刘峥,等.政府支持视角下的我国企业创新绩效研究[J].科研管理,2017,(s1):412-418.
[20] Czarnitzki D,Gl?nzel W,Hussinger K.Patent and publication activities of German professors:An empirical assessment of their co-activity[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2007,16(4):311-319.
[21] 陆国庆,王舟,张春宇.中国战略性新兴产业政府创新补贴的绩效研究[J].经济研究,2014,(7):44-55.
[22] 张振刚,李云健,王月.企业获取政府科技项目越多越有利于专利产出吗[J].科学学研究,2017,35(4):565-573.
[23] Humphery J M.Takeover defenses,innovation,and value creation:Evidence from acquisition decisions[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,35(5):668-690.
[24] 安同良,王文翌,魏巍.中国制造业企业的技术创新:模式、动力与障碍——基于江苏省制造业企业问卷调查的实证分析[J].当代财经,2005,(12):69-73.
[25] Meuleman M,Maeseneire W D.Do R&D subsidies affect SMEs' access to external financing?[J].Research Policy,2012,41(3):580-591.
[26] 孙刚.“科技认定”、代理成本与创新绩效——基于上市公司专利申请的初步证据[J].科学学研究,2018,36(2):249-263.
[2] Clausen T H.Do subsidies have positive impacts on R&D and innovation activities at the firm level?[J].Structural Change & Economic Dynamics,2009,20(4):239-253.
[3] Oliviero A C.R&D subsidies and private R&D expenditures:Evidence from Italian manufacturing data[J].International Review of Applied Economics,2011,25(4):419-439.
[4] Hud M,Hussinger K.The impact of R&D subsidies during the crisis[J].Research Policy,2015,44(10):1844-1855.
[5] 程华,赵祥.企业规模、研发强度、资助强度与政府科技资助的绩效关系研究——基于浙江民营科技企业的实证研究[J].科研管理,2008,29(2):37-43.
[6] 廖信林,顾炜宇,王立勇.政府R&D资助效果、影响因素与资助对象选择——基于促进企业R&D投入的视角[J].中国工业经济,2013,(11):148-160.
[7] 陈玲,杨文辉.政府研发补贴会促进企业创新吗?——来自中国上市公司的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2016,34(3):433-442.
[8] 郑延冰.民营科技企业研发投入、研发效率与政府资助[J].科学学研究,2016,34(7):1036-1043.
[9] Busom I.An empirical evaluation of the effects of R&D subsidies[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2000,9(2):111-148.
[10] Wallsten S J.The effects of government-industry R&D programs on private R&D:The case of the small business innovation research program[J].Rand Journal of Economics,2000,31(1):82-100.
[11] 肖丁丁,朱桂龙,王静.政府科技投入对企业R&D支出影响的再审视——基于分位数回归的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2013,25(3):25-32.
[12] González X,Pazó C.Do public subsidies stimulate private R&D spending?[J].Research Policy,2008,37(3):371-389.
[13] 张杰,陈志远,杨连星,等.中国创新补贴政策的绩效评估:理论与证据[J].经济研究,2015,(10):4-17.
[14] Branstetter L G,Sakakibara M.When do research consortia work well and why?Evidence from Japanese panel data[J].The American Economic Review,2002,92(1):143-159.
[15] Jaffe A B,Le T.The impact of R&D subsidy on innovation:A study of New Zealand firms[J].NBER Working Paper,2015,No.21479.
[16] 白俊红,李婧.政府R&D资助与企业技术创新——基于效率视角的实证分析[J].金融研究,2011,(6):181-193.
[17] 秦雪征,尹志锋,周建波,等.国家科技计划与中小型企业创新:基于匹配模型的分析[J].管理世界,2012,223(4):70-81.
[18] 栾强,罗守贵.政府R&D经费投入效率及其影响因素研究——基于91399个微观样本数据的分析[J].研究与发展管理,2016,28(6):71-79.
[19] 赵袁军,许桂苹,刘峥,等.政府支持视角下的我国企业创新绩效研究[J].科研管理,2017,(s1):412-418.
[20] Czarnitzki D,Gl?nzel W,Hussinger K.Patent and publication activities of German professors:An empirical assessment of their co-activity[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2007,16(4):311-319.
[21] 陆国庆,王舟,张春宇.中国战略性新兴产业政府创新补贴的绩效研究[J].经济研究,2014,(7):44-55.
[22] 张振刚,李云健,王月.企业获取政府科技项目越多越有利于专利产出吗[J].科学学研究,2017,35(4):565-573.
[23] Humphery J M.Takeover defenses,innovation,and value creation:Evidence from acquisition decisions[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,35(5):668-690.
[24] 安同良,王文翌,魏巍.中国制造业企业的技术创新:模式、动力与障碍——基于江苏省制造业企业问卷调查的实证分析[J].当代财经,2005,(12):69-73.
[25] Meuleman M,Maeseneire W D.Do R&D subsidies affect SMEs' access to external financing?[J].Research Policy,2012,41(3):580-591.
[26] 孙刚.“科技认定”、代理成本与创新绩效——基于上市公司专利申请的初步证据[J].科学学研究,2018,36(2):249-263.