环境因素对羊繁殖性能影响的研究
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摘要
在现代化的养羊业中,环境因素对羊的繁殖等生产性能造成的影响不可忽视,高温对羊性细胞生成、受精卵发育、内分泌和妊娠等方面危害性最大,其他因素也不容小觑。文章从空气温度、湿度对母羊发情受胎和公羊精子品质的影响,光照对母羊发情排卵及其他生殖激素的影响,饲养密度对羊繁殖性能的影响以及空气中有害气体对羊的危害和防治措施等方面进行简要介绍,以期在生产中改善环境条件,提高羊的繁殖效率。
In the modern sheep-raising industry, environmental factors affect the production performance of the sheep, such as reproduction. High temperature also poses threat on the production of ovine cells, fertilized eggs, endocrine and pregnancy. Other factors also cannot be underestimated. This article examined the effect of temperature and moisture on the estrus of the ewes, the impact on the sperm quality of the ram, the effect of light on ovulation and other reproductive hormones in the ovine estrus, the effect of rearing density on the reproductive performance of the sheep, and the harmful gases in the air to the sheep. The hazards and prevention and control measures were briefly introduced to improve the impact of environmental factors in production, thereby increasing its reproductive efficiency.
In the modern sheep-raising industry, environmental factors affect the production performance of the sheep, such as reproduction. High temperature also poses threat on the production of ovine cells, fertilized eggs, endocrine and pregnancy. Other factors also cannot be underestimated. This article examined the effect of temperature and moisture on the estrus of the ewes, the impact on the sperm quality of the ram, the effect of light on ovulation and other reproductive hormones in the ovine estrus, the effect of rearing density on the reproductive performance of the sheep, and the harmful gases in the air to the sheep. The hazards and prevention and control measures were briefly introduced to improve the impact of environmental factors in production, thereby increasing its reproductive efficiency.
引文
[1] 邓玉英,于行峰,江明生.温湿度与母羊繁殖力的关系研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(12):249-251.
[2] 孙秋祥.湿热环境对种猪繁殖性能的影响及对策[J].江西饲料,2014(3):15-17.
[3] 陈童,林嘉鹏,黄俊成.不同处理方法对萨福克肉羊超排回收效果的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):159-161.
[4] 臧强,李保明,施正香,等.规模化羊场羊舍夏季环境与小尾寒羊的行为观察[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(9):183-185.
[5] 杨文凯,刘兴伟.气温对辽宁绒山羊公羊繁殖性能的影响[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2009,30(6):38-39.
[6] 李松范,姚巧珍.提高山羊繁殖能力的综合措施[J].河南畜牧兽医(综合版),2008(6):25-26.
[7] 陈德忠.影响羊育肥效果的环境因素[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(5):36.
[8] 张灿,王之盛,彭全辉,等.湿热应激对藏绵羊和山羊生长性能、抗氧化能力以及免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2 179-2 187.
[9] CARTMILL J A,EL-ZARKOUNY S Z,HENSLEY B A,et al.An alternative AI breeding protocol for dairy cows exposed to elevated ambient temperatures before or after calving or both[jJ].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(4):799-806.
[10] INGRAHAM R,STANLEY R,WAGNER W F.Relationship of temperature and humidity to conception rate of Holstein cows in Hawaii[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1976,59(12):2 086-2 090.
[11] CHEMINEAU P,MALPAUX B,DELGADILLO J A,et al.Control of sheep and goat reproduction:Use of light and melatonin[J].Animal Reproduction Science,1992,30(1):157-184.
[12] 郭庆兰,伊毕格乐图,乌亚罕,等.控制光照对内蒙古白绒山羊褪黑激素含量的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(10):19-22.
[13] 张小辉.MLT、LH和FSH对绵羊季节性发情的调控作用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2004.
[14] 葛仕豪.济宁青山羊生殖激素分泌规律及GnRHR在垂体和卵巢的免疫组化研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2007.
[15] MARAI I F M,EL-DARAWANY A A,FADIEL A.Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep:A review[J].Small Ruminant Research,2007,71:1-12.
[16] 王林枫,杨改青,杨耀胜,等.光照和褪黑激素对非生绒期绒山羊激素分泌和绒毛生长的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(12):29-32.
[17] 王忻,刘月琴,张英杰,等.光照控制对蒙古羊发情排卵及相关生殖激素分泌的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2009(8):139-142.
[18] 李丰田,王红光,郑旭,等.不同光照时间对辽宁绒山羊羊绒生长、增重和繁殖性能的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2012(8):53-56.
[19] 王磊.舍饲密度对羊舍环境及肉羊生产性能影响的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2015.
[20] SEVI A,MASSA S,ANNICCHIARICO G,et al.Effect of stocking density on ewes' milk yield,udder health and microenvironment[J].Journal of Dairy Research,1999,66(4):489.
[21] 张明.环境富集和饲养密度以及夏季饮水温度和圈舍通风对绵羊福利的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2009.
[22] LEME T M D,TITTO E A L,TITTO C G,et al.Influence of stocking density on weight gain and behavior of feedlot lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2013,115(1/2/3):1-6.
[23] AVERóS X,LOREA A,DE HEREDIA I B,et al.The behaviour of gestating dairy ewes under different space allowances[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2014,150:17-26.
[24] BROOM D M.Biology of behavior[M].Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge Univ Press,1981.
[25] 杜卫佳,张英杰,李发弟.羊热应激及营养调控[J].中国草食动物科学,2012(S1):102-104.
[26] 阿达力·卡克马尔旦.舍饲养羊的关键技术[J].养殖与饲料,2015(6):36.
[27] 徐菁.饲养密度对舍饲辽宁绒山羊生产性能及行为影响的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2017.
[28] 中华人民共和国农业部质量标准办公室.畜禽场环境质量标准:NY/T 388-1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[29] 裴兰英,孙振涛,王金文.组合式羊舍冬季环境参数测定及育肥鲁西黑头肉羊效果分析[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(12):107-109.
[30] 刘希颖,赵越.畜舍中有毒有害气体对畜禽的危害及防治[J].饲料工业,2004,25(10):58-60.
[31] 陈丹丹,屠焰,马涛,等.大蒜素和茶皂素对肉羊气体代谢及甲烷排放的影响[J].动物保健,2014,50(11):57-61.
[32] 舒燕,王升平,邬理洋,等.畜禽养殖场病原微生物气溶胶检测与防控研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2014(19):36-38.
[2] 孙秋祥.湿热环境对种猪繁殖性能的影响及对策[J].江西饲料,2014(3):15-17.
[3] 陈童,林嘉鹏,黄俊成.不同处理方法对萨福克肉羊超排回收效果的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):159-161.
[4] 臧强,李保明,施正香,等.规模化羊场羊舍夏季环境与小尾寒羊的行为观察[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(9):183-185.
[5] 杨文凯,刘兴伟.气温对辽宁绒山羊公羊繁殖性能的影响[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2009,30(6):38-39.
[6] 李松范,姚巧珍.提高山羊繁殖能力的综合措施[J].河南畜牧兽医(综合版),2008(6):25-26.
[7] 陈德忠.影响羊育肥效果的环境因素[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(5):36.
[8] 张灿,王之盛,彭全辉,等.湿热应激对藏绵羊和山羊生长性能、抗氧化能力以及免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2 179-2 187.
[9] CARTMILL J A,EL-ZARKOUNY S Z,HENSLEY B A,et al.An alternative AI breeding protocol for dairy cows exposed to elevated ambient temperatures before or after calving or both[jJ].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(4):799-806.
[10] INGRAHAM R,STANLEY R,WAGNER W F.Relationship of temperature and humidity to conception rate of Holstein cows in Hawaii[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1976,59(12):2 086-2 090.
[11] CHEMINEAU P,MALPAUX B,DELGADILLO J A,et al.Control of sheep and goat reproduction:Use of light and melatonin[J].Animal Reproduction Science,1992,30(1):157-184.
[12] 郭庆兰,伊毕格乐图,乌亚罕,等.控制光照对内蒙古白绒山羊褪黑激素含量的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(10):19-22.
[13] 张小辉.MLT、LH和FSH对绵羊季节性发情的调控作用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2004.
[14] 葛仕豪.济宁青山羊生殖激素分泌规律及GnRHR在垂体和卵巢的免疫组化研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2007.
[15] MARAI I F M,EL-DARAWANY A A,FADIEL A.Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep:A review[J].Small Ruminant Research,2007,71:1-12.
[16] 王林枫,杨改青,杨耀胜,等.光照和褪黑激素对非生绒期绒山羊激素分泌和绒毛生长的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(12):29-32.
[17] 王忻,刘月琴,张英杰,等.光照控制对蒙古羊发情排卵及相关生殖激素分泌的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2009(8):139-142.
[18] 李丰田,王红光,郑旭,等.不同光照时间对辽宁绒山羊羊绒生长、增重和繁殖性能的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2012(8):53-56.
[19] 王磊.舍饲密度对羊舍环境及肉羊生产性能影响的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2015.
[20] SEVI A,MASSA S,ANNICCHIARICO G,et al.Effect of stocking density on ewes' milk yield,udder health and microenvironment[J].Journal of Dairy Research,1999,66(4):489.
[21] 张明.环境富集和饲养密度以及夏季饮水温度和圈舍通风对绵羊福利的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2009.
[22] LEME T M D,TITTO E A L,TITTO C G,et al.Influence of stocking density on weight gain and behavior of feedlot lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2013,115(1/2/3):1-6.
[23] AVERóS X,LOREA A,DE HEREDIA I B,et al.The behaviour of gestating dairy ewes under different space allowances[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2014,150:17-26.
[24] BROOM D M.Biology of behavior[M].Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge Univ Press,1981.
[25] 杜卫佳,张英杰,李发弟.羊热应激及营养调控[J].中国草食动物科学,2012(S1):102-104.
[26] 阿达力·卡克马尔旦.舍饲养羊的关键技术[J].养殖与饲料,2015(6):36.
[27] 徐菁.饲养密度对舍饲辽宁绒山羊生产性能及行为影响的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2017.
[28] 中华人民共和国农业部质量标准办公室.畜禽场环境质量标准:NY/T 388-1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[29] 裴兰英,孙振涛,王金文.组合式羊舍冬季环境参数测定及育肥鲁西黑头肉羊效果分析[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(12):107-109.
[30] 刘希颖,赵越.畜舍中有毒有害气体对畜禽的危害及防治[J].饲料工业,2004,25(10):58-60.
[31] 陈丹丹,屠焰,马涛,等.大蒜素和茶皂素对肉羊气体代谢及甲烷排放的影响[J].动物保健,2014,50(11):57-61.
[32] 舒燕,王升平,邬理洋,等.畜禽养殖场病原微生物气溶胶检测与防控研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2014(19):36-38.