Pb、Cd复合污染对不同品种小白菜生长及营养品质的影响
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摘要
为筛选出适应Pb、Cd复合污染土壤种植的高品质、低积累小白菜品种,采用盆栽试验方法将15个小白菜品种分别种植在4种Pb、Cd复合污染土壤中,通过测定各品种小白菜株高和鲜重以考察重金属对其生长的影响;采用原子吸收法测定小白菜中Pb、Cd含量;采用2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法测定维生素C含量、水杨酸法测定硝酸盐含量、考马斯亮蓝G-250法测定可溶性蛋白质含量。随着Pb、Cd浓度增加,小白菜株高和可食部分鲜重呈先升后降趋势,且不同小白菜品种受重金属Pb、Cd影响的程度不同。15个小白菜品种可食部分Pb、Cd含量随Pb、Cd胁迫加剧呈上升趋势;轻度污染处理下,小白菜品种间Cd含量无显著性差异,其中Pb含量以‘义和快菜1269’最低;‘脆嫩飘儿白’次之,其Pb含量依次为0.05、0.06 mg/kg。但‘义和快菜1269’硝酸盐含量超标,而‘脆嫩飘儿白’相对较低。中度污染处理下,仅‘义和快菜1269’Pb、Cd均未超标,但其硝酸盐含量超标。重度污染下,无符合要求的小白菜品种。在轻度污染处理下,对小白菜维生素C含量和可溶性蛋白质含量测定,发现‘脆嫩飘儿白’Vc含量居于第二;可溶性蛋白含量居于第三,为一个相对优质的小白菜品种‘。脆嫩飘儿白’为一种适应轻度铅镉复合污染土壤种植的低积累、高品质小白菜品种。
To screen out high-quality, low-accumulation Chinese cabbage varieties adapted to lead and cadmium combined contaminated soil, 15 Chinese cabbage varieties were planted in four kinds of lead and cadmium combined contaminated soil, the effects of heavy metals on the growth of various varieties were determined by measuring the plant height and fresh weight of each cabbage; the lead and cadmium content were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry; the vitamin C content was determined by 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method; the nitrate content was determined by salicylic acid method and the soluble protein content was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method. Results of the pot experiments revealed that with the increase of lead and cadmium concentration, the plant height and edible fresh weight of Chinese cabbage increased first and then decreased. And the effects of heavy metal lead and cadmium on different Chinese cabbage varieties were different. With the aggravation of combined lead and cadmium stress, the content of lead and cadmium in the edible parts of the 15 varieties increased. Under mild pollution treatment, there was no significant difference in Cd content among the varieties, the lowest Pb content was found in‘Yihekuaicai1269', followed by that of‘Cuinenpiaoerbai', which was 0.05 and 0.06 mg/kg,respectively. However, the nitrate content of‘Yihekuaicai1269'exceeded the standard, while that of‘Cuinenpiaoerbai' was relatively low. Under moderate pollution treatment, only Pb and Cd of‘Yihekuaicai1269'did not exceed the standard, but its nitrate content exceeded the standard. Under severe pollution treatment, there was no cabbage variety that met the requirements. Under the mild pollution treatment, the determination of vitamin C content and soluble protein content of cabbage found that the Vc content of‘Cuinenpiaoerbai'was the second, and the soluble protein content was the third, so it was a relatively high quality Chinese cabbage variety.‘Cuinenpiaoerbai'is a low-accumulation, high-quality Chinese cabbage variety that is suitable for planting in light lead-cadmium combined contaminated soil.
To screen out high-quality, low-accumulation Chinese cabbage varieties adapted to lead and cadmium combined contaminated soil, 15 Chinese cabbage varieties were planted in four kinds of lead and cadmium combined contaminated soil, the effects of heavy metals on the growth of various varieties were determined by measuring the plant height and fresh weight of each cabbage; the lead and cadmium content were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry; the vitamin C content was determined by 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method; the nitrate content was determined by salicylic acid method and the soluble protein content was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method. Results of the pot experiments revealed that with the increase of lead and cadmium concentration, the plant height and edible fresh weight of Chinese cabbage increased first and then decreased. And the effects of heavy metal lead and cadmium on different Chinese cabbage varieties were different. With the aggravation of combined lead and cadmium stress, the content of lead and cadmium in the edible parts of the 15 varieties increased. Under mild pollution treatment, there was no significant difference in Cd content among the varieties, the lowest Pb content was found in‘Yihekuaicai1269', followed by that of‘Cuinenpiaoerbai', which was 0.05 and 0.06 mg/kg,respectively. However, the nitrate content of‘Yihekuaicai1269'exceeded the standard, while that of‘Cuinenpiaoerbai' was relatively low. Under moderate pollution treatment, only Pb and Cd of‘Yihekuaicai1269'did not exceed the standard, but its nitrate content exceeded the standard. Under severe pollution treatment, there was no cabbage variety that met the requirements. Under the mild pollution treatment, the determination of vitamin C content and soluble protein content of cabbage found that the Vc content of‘Cuinenpiaoerbai'was the second, and the soluble protein content was the third, so it was a relatively high quality Chinese cabbage variety.‘Cuinenpiaoerbai'is a low-accumulation, high-quality Chinese cabbage variety that is suitable for planting in light lead-cadmium combined contaminated soil.
引文
[1]赵杨迪,潘远智,刘碧英,等.Cd、Pb单一及复合污染对花叶冷水花生长的影响及其积累特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):48-53.
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[12]陈瑛,李廷强,杨肖娥,等.不同品种小白菜对镉的吸收积累差异[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):736-740.
[13]王玉琴,贾彦博,朱顺达,等.不同基因型小白菜对镉的吸收积累差异研究[J].现代农业科技,2009(17):78-79.
[14]代成成.镉低积累小白菜品种的筛选[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[15]秦华,贺前锋,刘代欢,等.重金属铅镉对甜高粱生长的影响及其积累特性研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(13).
[16]江文静,王丹,姚天月.铀及其伴生重金属镉的根茎类富集植物的筛选[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):39-47.
[17]Wu Z,Zhao X,Sun X,et al.Xylem transport and gene expression playdecisive roles in cadmium accumulation in shoots of two oilseed rape cultivars(Brassica napus)[J].Chemosphere,2015,119:1217-1223.
[18]再吐尼古丽·库尔班,吐尔逊·吐尔洪,阿不都热依木·卡德尔,等.甜高粱对土壤重金属Cd的吸收规律[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012(12):152-156.
[19]杜小平,康靖全,吕金印,等.镉低积累青菜品种筛选及硫对镉胁迫下青菜镉含量和品质影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(8):1592-1601.
[20]张旭,魏成熙.土壤中镉对小白菜硝酸盐累积量的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2004,23(1):54-57.
[21]魏成熙,张旭.土壤锌铅镉污染对小白菜硝酸盐含量的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2005,27(4):436-438.
[22]秦天才,吴玉树.镉铅单一和复合污染对小白菜抗坏血酸含量的影响[J].生态学杂志,1997(3):31-34.
[23]李春燕,袁寒,沈云玫,等.重金属复合污染对小白菜生长及生理生化的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(19):55-56.
[24]曹莹,黄瑞冬,蒋文春,等.重金属铅和镉对玉米品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005,36(2):218-220.
[25]邹文桐.铅铜复合胁迫对芥菜子叶抗性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(11):191-195.
[26]徐澜,杨锦忠,安伟,等.Cr、Pb单一及其复合胁迫对小麦生理生化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(6):119-126.
[27]付玉辉.Cd、Pb低积累蔬菜品种筛选与修复技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[2]薛艳,沈振国,周东美.蔬菜对土壤重金属吸收的差异与机理[J].土壤,2005,37(1):32-36.
[3]匡少平,徐仲,张书圣.玉米对土壤中重金属铅的吸收特性及污染防治[J].安全环境科学报,2002,2(1):28-31.
[4]郭晓芳,卫泽斌,丘锦荣,等.玉米对重金属累积与转运的品种间差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(4):367-371.
[5]金亮,李恋卿,潘根兴,等.苏北地区土壤-水稻系统重金属分布及其食物安全风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(1):33-39.
[6]刘恩玲,王亮,孙继,等.土壤-番茄体系中Cd、Pb的累积特征研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(1):18-19.
[7]Kamnev A A,Van d L D.Chemical and biological parameters as toolsto evaluate and improve heavy metal phytoremediation[J].Bioscience Reports,2000,20(4):239-258.
[8]包丹丹,李恋卿,潘根兴,等.苏南某冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属分布及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(8):1546-1552.
[9]李嘉伦,戴佩彬,杜姗姗.镉低累积小白菜品种筛选研究[J].农业科技与装备,2017(8):1-3.
[10]张迪,胡学玉,殷俊,等.城郊农业生态系统中茎菜类蔬菜对重金属镉的累积特征及品质表现[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(2):188-194.
[11]师荣光,赵玉杰,高怀友,等.天津市郊蔬菜重金属污染评价与特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(S1):169-173.
[12]陈瑛,李廷强,杨肖娥,等.不同品种小白菜对镉的吸收积累差异[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):736-740.
[13]王玉琴,贾彦博,朱顺达,等.不同基因型小白菜对镉的吸收积累差异研究[J].现代农业科技,2009(17):78-79.
[14]代成成.镉低积累小白菜品种的筛选[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[15]秦华,贺前锋,刘代欢,等.重金属铅镉对甜高粱生长的影响及其积累特性研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(13).
[16]江文静,王丹,姚天月.铀及其伴生重金属镉的根茎类富集植物的筛选[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):39-47.
[17]Wu Z,Zhao X,Sun X,et al.Xylem transport and gene expression playdecisive roles in cadmium accumulation in shoots of two oilseed rape cultivars(Brassica napus)[J].Chemosphere,2015,119:1217-1223.
[18]再吐尼古丽·库尔班,吐尔逊·吐尔洪,阿不都热依木·卡德尔,等.甜高粱对土壤重金属Cd的吸收规律[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012(12):152-156.
[19]杜小平,康靖全,吕金印,等.镉低积累青菜品种筛选及硫对镉胁迫下青菜镉含量和品质影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(8):1592-1601.
[20]张旭,魏成熙.土壤中镉对小白菜硝酸盐累积量的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2004,23(1):54-57.
[21]魏成熙,张旭.土壤锌铅镉污染对小白菜硝酸盐含量的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2005,27(4):436-438.
[22]秦天才,吴玉树.镉铅单一和复合污染对小白菜抗坏血酸含量的影响[J].生态学杂志,1997(3):31-34.
[23]李春燕,袁寒,沈云玫,等.重金属复合污染对小白菜生长及生理生化的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(19):55-56.
[24]曹莹,黄瑞冬,蒋文春,等.重金属铅和镉对玉米品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005,36(2):218-220.
[25]邹文桐.铅铜复合胁迫对芥菜子叶抗性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(11):191-195.
[26]徐澜,杨锦忠,安伟,等.Cr、Pb单一及其复合胁迫对小麦生理生化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(6):119-126.
[27]付玉辉.Cd、Pb低积累蔬菜品种筛选与修复技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.