上海交通沿线农田土壤中PAHs分布特征及源解析
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摘要
为探讨交通干线对周围农田土壤环境中16种优先多环芳烃(PAHs)累积的影响,采集了上海市交通干线旁与道路垂向分布的70个农田土壤表层样品及2个土壤柱样品,系统分析了土壤中16种优控PAHs的含量、组成及来源.结果表明上海交通干线旁农田表层土壤PAHs含量范围为23.16～21250.25ng/g,平均值为928.16ng/g,且随着与防护林距离的增加呈现出先下降后增加而后又下降的趋势,农田土壤柱中PAHs含量则表现出随着距土壤深度的增加而上升的趋势.基于正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)模型及特征因子比值法的来源辨析结果,表明表层土壤和土壤柱中的PAHs均主要来源于煤、生物质的燃烧及交通排放.
In order to investigate the influence of traffic emission on the accumulation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)known as priority pollutants in the surrounding farmland soils, seventy soil surface samples and two soil cores samples werecollected within 500 m of the Shanghai traffic artery. The concentrations, compositions and sources of 16 PAHs were systematicallyanalyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of Σ_(16) PAHs in the surface soils of the farmland along the Shanghai traffic arterywas 23.16～21250.25 ng/g, with an average of 928.16 ng/g. Along the increase of distance from roadside shelterbelts, theconcentrations of Σ_(16) PAHs showed a trend of decrease first remove then increase, and finally decrease. The concentrations of Σ_(16) PAHs in farmland soil cores showed an increasing trend with the decreasing distance from the soil surface. Positive definite matrixfactor analysis(PMF) models and isomer ratios were used to distinguish PAHs sources in soil surfaces and core samples. It wasfound that they were mainly derived from the combustion of coal and biomass and traffic emissions.
In order to investigate the influence of traffic emission on the accumulation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)known as priority pollutants in the surrounding farmland soils, seventy soil surface samples and two soil cores samples werecollected within 500 m of the Shanghai traffic artery. The concentrations, compositions and sources of 16 PAHs were systematicallyanalyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of Σ_(16) PAHs in the surface soils of the farmland along the Shanghai traffic arterywas 23.16～21250.25 ng/g, with an average of 928.16 ng/g. Along the increase of distance from roadside shelterbelts, theconcentrations of Σ_(16) PAHs showed a trend of decrease first remove then increase, and finally decrease. The concentrations of Σ_(16) PAHs in farmland soil cores showed an increasing trend with the decreasing distance from the soil surface. Positive definite matrixfactor analysis(PMF) models and isomer ratios were used to distinguish PAHs sources in soil surfaces and core samples. It wasfound that they were mainly derived from the combustion of coal and biomass and traffic emissions.
引文
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[2]Khan A,Ishaq M,Khan M A.Effect of vehicle exhaust on the quantity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in soil[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2008,137(1-3):363-369.
[3]Suman S,Sinha A,Tarafdar A.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)concentration levels,pattern,source identification and soil toxicity assessment in urban traffic soil of Dhanbad,India.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,545-546(68):353-360.
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[5]Johnsen A R,De Lipthay J R,Reichenberg F,et al.Biodegradation,bioaccessibility,and genotoxicity of diffuse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)pollution at a motorway site[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(10):3293-3298.
[6]Jiang Y F,Wang X T,Wu M H,et al.Contamination,source identification,and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soil of Shanghai,China[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2011,183(4):139-150.
[7]朱利中,王静,杜烨,等.汽车尾气中多环芳烃(PAHs)成分谱图研究[J].环境科学,2003,24(3):26-29.Zhu Lizhong,Wang Jing,Du Wei,et al.Spectrogram study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in automobile exhaust gas[J].Environmental Science,2003,24(3):26-29.
[8]Watanabe H,Nakajima F,Kasuga I,et al.Toxicity evaluation of road dust in the runoff process using a benthic ostracod Heterocypris incongruens[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(12):2366-2372.
[9]华德武,汪青,徐红,等.芜湖市交通区表层土壤多环芳烃与黑碳研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(6):2253-2263.Hua Dewu,Wang Qing,Xu Hong,et al.Study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon in surface soil of traffic area in Wuhu City[J].Environmental Science of China,2018,38(6):2253-2263.
[10]丁晴晴,李科,董黎明.北京市冬季道路沉积物中多环芳烃的污染特征和源解析[J].环境化学,2016,35(9):1903-1912.Ding Qingqing,Li Ke,Dong Liming.Pollution characteristics and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in winter road sediments in Beijing[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(9):1903-1912.
[11]范丽娟,田广星.1995~2015年上海市土地利用及其景观格局变化[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):287-292+298.Fan Lijuan,Tian Guangxing.Land use and landscape pattern changes in Shanghai from 1995 to 2015[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,38(1):287-292+298.
[12]上海统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.Shanghai Statistical Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.
[13]孙小静.交通干道沿线土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及源分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2011,(b12):14-17.Sun Xiaojing.Pollution characteristics and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil along the main roads[J].Environmental Monitoring Management and Technology,2011,(b12):14-17.
[14]吕金刚,毕春娟,陈振楼,等.上海市崇明岛农田土壤中多环芳烃分布和生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(12):4270-4275.LüJingang,Bi Chunjuan,Chen Zhenlou,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmland soils of Chongming Island,Shanghai[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(12):4270-4275.
[15]刘增俊,滕应,黄标,等.长江三角洲典型地区农田土壤多环芳烃分布特征与源解析[J].土壤学报,2010,47(6):1110-1117.Liu Zengjun,Teng Ying,Huang Biao,et al.Distribution characteristics and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmland soils in typical areas of the Yangtze River Delta[J].Journal of Soil Science,2010,47(6):1110-1117.
[16]葛成军,俞花美.南京市典型工业区耕地中多环芳烃源解析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(9):843-848.Ge Chengjun,Yu Huamei.Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sources in cultivated land of typical industrial areas in Nanjing[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(9):843-848.
[17]于卿婵,白志鹏,弯昭锋,等.长跑环境中颗粒物载带多环芳烃的污染特征[J].环境污染与防治,2007,(4):90-90.YU Qing-yu,BAI Zhi-peng,YAN Zhao-feng,et al.Pollution characteristics of particulate matter-bearing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in long-distance running environment[J].Environmental Pollution Control,2007,(4):90-90.
[18]Price P S,Jayjock M A.Available data on naphthalene exposures:strengths and limitations.[J].Regulatory Toxicology&Pharmacology Rtp,2008,51(2):15-21.
[19]林道辉,朱利中.交通道路旁茶园多环芳烃的污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(7):577-581.Lin Dao-hui,Zhu Li-zhong.Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Tea Garden by traffic road[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(7):577-581.
[20]黄翠香,张文会,夏燕飞,等.公路旁苹果园土壤PAHs污染状况[J].林业科学,2013,49(10):23-27.Huang Cui-xiang,Zhang Wen-hui,Xia Yan-fei,et al.Pollution of PAHs in apple orchards near roads[J].Forestry Science,2013,49(10):23-27.
[21]Christensen E R,Arora S.Source apportionment of PAHs in sediments using factor analysis by time records:Application to Lake Michigan,USA[J].Water Research,2007,41(1):168-176.
[22]Dong T T,Lee B K.Characteristics,toxicity,and source apportionment of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in road dust of Ulsan,Korea.[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(9):1245-1253.
[23]刘伟亚,刘敏,杨毅,等.上海市多环芳烃排放清单构建及排放趋势预测[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(6):1003-1011.Liu Weiya,Liu Min,Yang Yi,et al.Construction of emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Shanghai and prediction of emission trends[J].Resources and Environment of the Yangtze River Basin,2015,24(6):1003-1011.
[24]许峰,祁士华,高媛,等.绵阳市代表性点位土壤多环芳烃剖面分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):192-196.Xu Feng,Qi Shi-hua,Gao Yuan,et al.Distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in representative soils in Mianyang City[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(2):192-196.
[25]Ma C,Lin T,Ye S,et al.Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Liaohe River Delta wetland,Northeast China:Implications for regional population migration and economic development[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,222:146-152.
[26]Wang W,Simonich S L M,Xue M,et al.Concentrations,sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Beijing,Tianjin and surrounding areas,North China[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(5):1245-1251.
[27]Bidleman T F.Atmospheric processes:wet and dry deposition of organic compounds are controlled by their vapor-particle partitioning[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1988,22(4):361-367.
[28]Wild S R,Jones K C.Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom environment:a preliminary source inventory and budget.[J].Environmental Pollution,1995,88(1):91-108.
[29]孙大志,李绪谦,商书波,等.多环芳烃菲(PHEs)在含水层砂土中的吸附行为研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(3):15-18.Sun Dazhi,Li Xuqian,Shang Shubo,et al.Adsorption behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PHEs)in aquifer sand[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2008,31(3):15-18.
[30]蓝家程.岩溶地下河系统中多环芳烃的迁移、分配及生态风险研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.Lan Jiacheng.Study on migration,distribution and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in karst underground river systems[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2014.
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