两种油脂水平下DHA强化对饥饿鲤体重及脂代谢的影响
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摘要
饥饿是鱼类无法有效获取食物从而使机体呈现能量匮乏的特殊时期,DHA(Docosahexaenoic acid)作为大多数鱼饥饿后得以特别保留的高不饱和脂肪酸,它对饥饿鱼体可能具有特殊的能量调控作用。为进一步探讨这一问题,研究设计了以下饲养试验:先在6%与12%两个油脂水平下分别添加3%DHA制品,形成基础组、基础-DHA组、高脂组和高脂-DHA组共4组试验饲料。将尾均重为(14.81±0.13)g的鲤360尾随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别用以上4组饲料对进行饲喂,饲养74d后,每个养殖缸随机余留6尾鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)进行饥饿,36d后检测饥饿鲤体重、生物学性状、体成分、血清生化指标等。结果显示:(1)在同一脂肪水平下,DHA添加组饥饿鲤体重减重率均分别显著高于无DHA组(P<0.05);(2)在2个油脂水平下DHA添加组饥饿鲤肝细胞直径均分别显著低于无DHA组(P<0.05);鱼体肥满度、空壳比率等生物学性状在各组饥饿鲤间均无显著差异(P>0.05);(3)在2个油脂水平下,DHA添加组饥饿鲤肌肉及肠脂肪含量均分别显著低于无DHA组(P<0.05),而饥饿鲤肝胰脏脂肪含量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)饥饿鲤血清生化指标在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,DHA添加组饥饿鲤体重、肝细胞直径以及肌肉及肠脂肪含量均呈显著下降趋势,显示出DHA的添加未能协助鲤有效抵御饥饿等不良环境的胁迫。
Starvation is a special period when fish cannot effectively obtain food, resulting to some problems(i.e., lack of energy required). DHA(Docosahexaenoic acid), being highly unsaturated fatty acids retained in body during starvation, is postulated to contain special energy regulation effect on the starving fish body. To explore the effect of DHA fortification on body weight loss and lipid metabolism of starved common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) in two dietary lipid levels, a feeding trail, which followed with starvation, was conducted. Firstly, 3% DHA product was added to6% and 12% lipid levels diets to formulate four different kinds of diet respectively,(i.e., basic diet, basic-DHA diet,high lipid diet, and high lipid-DHA diet). A total of 360 common carp(14.81±0.13) g/tail were randomly divided into four groups(triplicate per each group), fed with four diets and reared in a recycling water rearing tanks, respectively.After 74 days of feeding, some fish per each tank were sampled and eventually 6 fish per each tank were left to endure36 days of starvation. Then, all staved fish were sampled and weight of fish and the relative indexes were determined.Result showed that the body weight loss ratio of fish in DHA groups was significantly higher than that of the non-DHA groups in the same lipid level. Besides, the hepatocyte diameter and lipid content in muscle and intestine of starved fish in DHA groups were remarkably lower than that of the non-DHA groups(P<0.05). The lipid content in hepatosomatic and serum biochemical index of fish showed that there is no significant difference. The achieved result demonstrated that DHA fortification dietary groups had significantly lower body weight, hepatocyte diameter, as well as lipid content of muscle and intestine in starved common carp, which may reflect that DHA fortification had no great advantages in fostering common carp endure starvation.
Starvation is a special period when fish cannot effectively obtain food, resulting to some problems(i.e., lack of energy required). DHA(Docosahexaenoic acid), being highly unsaturated fatty acids retained in body during starvation, is postulated to contain special energy regulation effect on the starving fish body. To explore the effect of DHA fortification on body weight loss and lipid metabolism of starved common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) in two dietary lipid levels, a feeding trail, which followed with starvation, was conducted. Firstly, 3% DHA product was added to6% and 12% lipid levels diets to formulate four different kinds of diet respectively,(i.e., basic diet, basic-DHA diet,high lipid diet, and high lipid-DHA diet). A total of 360 common carp(14.81±0.13) g/tail were randomly divided into four groups(triplicate per each group), fed with four diets and reared in a recycling water rearing tanks, respectively.After 74 days of feeding, some fish per each tank were sampled and eventually 6 fish per each tank were left to endure36 days of starvation. Then, all staved fish were sampled and weight of fish and the relative indexes were determined.Result showed that the body weight loss ratio of fish in DHA groups was significantly higher than that of the non-DHA groups in the same lipid level. Besides, the hepatocyte diameter and lipid content in muscle and intestine of starved fish in DHA groups were remarkably lower than that of the non-DHA groups(P<0.05). The lipid content in hepatosomatic and serum biochemical index of fish showed that there is no significant difference. The achieved result demonstrated that DHA fortification dietary groups had significantly lower body weight, hepatocyte diameter, as well as lipid content of muscle and intestine in starved common carp, which may reflect that DHA fortification had no great advantages in fostering common carp endure starvation.
引文
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[3]Quinton J C,Blake R W.The effect of feed cycling and ration level on the compensatory growth response in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1990,37(1):33-41
[4]Ma S,Jiang H B,Yao J J.Biochemical composition,amino acid and fatty acid composition of Mystus macropterus under short-term starvation[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(2):61-65[马珊,姜海波,姚俊杰.短期饥饿对大鳍鳠生化组成,氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的影响.水生态学杂志,2010,3(2):61-65]
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[6]Kiessling A,Johansson L,Storebakken T.Effects of reduced feed ration levels on fat content and fatty acid composition in white and red muscle from rainbow trout[J].Aquaculture,1989,79(1):169-175
[7]Koven W M,Kissil G W,Tandler A.Lipid and n-3 requirement of Sparus aurata larvae during starvation and feeding[J].Aquaculture,1989,79(1):185-191
[8]Satoch S,Takeuchi T,Watanabe T.Effect of starvation and environmental temperature on proximate and fatty acid composition of Tilapia milotica[J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1984,50:79-84
[9]Liu M H,Luo H Z,Fu R B,et al.Biochemical composition amino acid and fatty acid composition in juvenile of Miichthys miiuy under short-time starvation[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2009,33(2):230-235[柳敏海,罗海忠,傅荣兵,等.短期饥饿胁迫对鮸鱼生化组成,脂肪酸和氨基酸组成的影响.水生生物学报,2009,33(2):230-235]
[10]Chen B,Liu M H,Shi Z H,et al.The effects of starvation and re-feeding on fatty acid and amino acid composition in juvenile of Epinephelus malabaricus Bloch&Schneide[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2008,17(6):674-679[陈波,柳敏海,施兆鸿,等.饥饿和再投饲对点带石斑鱼幼鱼脂肪酸和氨基酸组成的影响.上海水产大学学报,2008,17(6):674-679]
[11]Chen B,Feng J,Wu B,et al.The effects of starvation on fat and fatty acids composition in Pacific salmon(Oncorhynchus spp.)[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2012,43(6):1247-1253[陈斌,冯健,吴彬,等.饥饿对太平洋鲑鱼体脂肪与脂肪酸的影响.海洋与湖沼,2012,43(6):1247-1253]
[12]Nie W Q.The growth rule of polydon spathula and study of starvation on fatty acid composition and it’s size[D].Thesis for Master of Fishery Science.Northwest A&FUniversity,Yangling.2016[聂文强.匙吻鲟生长规律及饥饿对其体脂肪酸组成、体型影响的研究.硕士学位论文,西北农林科技大学,杨凌.2016]
[13]Zerouga M,Stillwell W,Stone J,et al.Phospholipid class as a determinant in docosahexaenoic acids effect on tumor cell viability[J].Anticancer Research,1996,16(5A):2863-2868
[14]Zerouga M,Laura J,Scott B,et al.Can docosahexaenoic acid inhibit metastasis by decreasing deformability of the tumor cell plasma membrane[J]?Cancer Letters,1997,119(2):163-168
[15]Sekine S,Kubo K,Tadokoro T,et al.Dietary docosahexaenoic acid-induced generation of liver lipid peroxides is not suppressed further by elevated levels of glutathione in ODS rats[J].Nutrition,2006,22(4):385-394
[16]Green P,Glozman S,Weiner L,et al.Enhanced free radical scavenging and decreased lipid peroxidation in the rat fetal brain after treatment with ethyl docosahexaenoate[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2001,1532(3):203-212
[17]Ibrahim W,Lee U S,Yeh C C,et al.Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in mouse liver:Effects of dietary lipid,Vitamin E and iron[J].Journal of Nutrition,1997,127(7):1401-1406
[18]Hossain M S,Hashimoto M,Masumura S.Influence of docosahexaenoic acid on cerebral lipid peroxide level in aged rats with and without hypercholesterolemia[J].Neuroscience Letters,1998,244(3):157-160
[19]Frenoux J M,Prost E D,Belleville J L,et al.A polyunsaturated fatty acid diet lowers blood pressure and improves antioxidant status in spontaneously hypertensive rats[J].Biochemical and Molecular Action of Nutrients,2001,131(1):39-45
[20]Yang Y J,Bing X W,Xu Z H.Effects of unsaturated fatty acids on the growth and immunity indices of Monopterus albus[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2008,35 (2):224-228[杨鸢劼,邴旭文,徐增洪.不饱和脂肪酸对黄鳝生长及免疫指标的影响.安徽农业大学学报,2008,35(2):224-228]
[21]Ga?′va M H,Couto R C,Oyama L M,et al.Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids:effect on hepatic metabolism in rats[J].Nutrition,2003,19(2):144-149
[22]Gillingham L G,Caston L,Leeson S,et al.The effects of consuming docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)-enriched eggs on serum lipids and fatty acid compositions in statintreated hypercholesterolemic male patients[J].Food Research International,2005,38(10):1117-1123
[23]Clarke S D,Armstrong M K,Jump D B.Dietary polyunsaturated fat uniquely suppress rat liver fatty acid synthase and s14 m RNA content[J].Journal of Nutrition,1990,120(2):225-231
[24]Om A D,Umino T,Nakagawa H,et al.The effects of dietary EPA and DHA fortification on lipolysis activity and physiological function in juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli(Bleeker)[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(sup.):255-262
[25]Om A D,Ji H,Unino T,et al.Dietary effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on lipid metabolism in black sea bream[J].Fisheries Science,2003,69(6):1182-1193
[26]Ji H,Om A D,Yoshimatsu T,et al.Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on lipogenesis and lipolysis in black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,26(1):112-121
[27]Villalta M,Estévez A,Bransden M P,et al.The effect of graded concentrations of dietary DHA on growth,survival and tissue fatty acid profile of Senegal sole(Solea senegalensis)larvae during the Artemia feeding period[J].Aquaculture,2005,249(1-4):353-365
[28]Cao J M,Liu Y J,Lao C L,et al.Effect of different dietary fatty acids on tissue lipid content and fatty acids composition of grass carp[J].Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,1997,9(3):36-44[曹俊明,刘永坚,劳彩玲,等.饲料中不同脂肪酸对草鱼组织脂质含量和脂肪酸构成的影响.动物营养学报,1997,9(3):36-44]
[29]Zhou J S,Ji H,Wang J H,et al.Influence of fish oil on growth and lipid metabolism in common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2008,38(2):275-280[周继术,吉红,王建华,等.鱼油对鲤生长及脂质代谢的影响.中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(2):275-280]
[30]Ji H,Cao Y Z,Liu P,et al.Effect of dietary HUFA on the lipid metabolism in grass carp(Ctenopharymgodon idellus)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2009,33(5):881-889[吉红,曹艳姿,刘品,等.饲料中HUFA影响草鱼脂质代谢的研究.水生生物学报,2009,33(5):881-889]
[31]Bell J G,Douglas R,Tocher R,et al.Altered fatty acid compositions in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)fed diets containing linseed and rapeseed oils can be partially restored by a subsequent fish oil finishing diet[J].Journal of Nutrition,2003,133(9):2793-2801
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