钱江源国家公园体制试点区鸟类多样性与区系组成
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摘要
生物多样性编目是自然保护地有效管理与政策制定的基础。本研究收集整理了钱江源国家公园体制试点区(简称钱江源国家公园)内的鸟类记录,数据来源包括专项鸟类调查、红外相机调查、自动录音调查、公众科学活动4大类。共记录到分属17目64科的252种鸟类。其中,国家I级重点保护鸟类2种,为白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)和白鹤(Grusleucogeranus),国家II级重点保护鸟类34种;在IUCN物种红色名录和中国脊椎动物红色名录中被评估为受威胁(即极危、濒危、易危和近危)的分别有10种和34种:共计有46种鸟类为需受重点关注的物种,占总物种数的18.25%。记录到4种浙江省鸟类新记录,分别为黄嘴角鸮(Otus spilocephalus)、方尾鹟(Culicicapa ceylonensis)、远东苇莺(Acrocephalus tangorum)和蓝短翅鸫(Brachypteryx montana)。钱江源国家公园内鸟类组成兼具古北界和东洋界成分,东洋种(45.24%)占比略高于古北种(42.46%);留鸟和迁徙性鸟类的物种数近似;繁殖鸟类中以东洋种为主(68.79%),冬候鸟中则以古北种占绝对优势(94.83%)。本研究结果表明,钱江源国家公园虽然面积有限(252 km2),但记录鸟种数占浙江全省的52%,在鸟类多样性保护中有重要价值;同时本研究的结果将为该国家公园管理以及未来的鸟类监测和研究提供基础本底。
Assessments of biodiversity are the foundation to support the management and policy-making of protected areas. In order to determine the diversity and composition of avian fauna in Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot, we collected bird observations through bird field surveys, camera-trapping surveys, acoustic recordings, and citizen science observations. Based on this compilation, we produced a list of 252 species composed of 17 orders and 64 families. Observed species include 36 nationally protected species: two class-I species—Elliot's Pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti and Siberian Crane Grus leucogeranus—and 34 class-II species.In addition, 10 species are threatened globally and 34 are threatened at the state level(i.e. listed as CR, EN,VU or NT by the IUCN or China's red list of vertebrates). In total, 46 species(18.25%) are of conservation concern. Four species(Mountain Scops-owl Otus spilocephalus, Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis, White-browed Reed-warbler Acrocephalus tangorum and Javan Shortwing Brachypteryx montana) are newly recorded in Zhejiang Province. The Qianjiangyuan National Park bird community is evenly composed of species from the Oriental(45.24% of species) and Palaearctic(42.46%) realms, with the remaining are widespread species(12.30%). The percentage of resident and migratory species is also roughly equivalent(46.03% and 53.57%). Of the species that breed in Qianjiangyuan National Park, 68.79% are Oriental realm species, whereas most of winter non-breeding visitors are Palaearctic realm species(94.83%).Qianjiangyuan National Park harbors a rich bird community, accounting for over half(52%) of the total number of bird species in Zhejiang Province. These results confirm the park's significant value for avian conservation, despite its small size(252 km~2), and provide important baseline information for future avian research and conservation in this region.
Assessments of biodiversity are the foundation to support the management and policy-making of protected areas. In order to determine the diversity and composition of avian fauna in Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot, we collected bird observations through bird field surveys, camera-trapping surveys, acoustic recordings, and citizen science observations. Based on this compilation, we produced a list of 252 species composed of 17 orders and 64 families. Observed species include 36 nationally protected species: two class-I species—Elliot's Pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti and Siberian Crane Grus leucogeranus—and 34 class-II species.In addition, 10 species are threatened globally and 34 are threatened at the state level(i.e. listed as CR, EN,VU or NT by the IUCN or China's red list of vertebrates). In total, 46 species(18.25%) are of conservation concern. Four species(Mountain Scops-owl Otus spilocephalus, Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis, White-browed Reed-warbler Acrocephalus tangorum and Javan Shortwing Brachypteryx montana) are newly recorded in Zhejiang Province. The Qianjiangyuan National Park bird community is evenly composed of species from the Oriental(45.24% of species) and Palaearctic(42.46%) realms, with the remaining are widespread species(12.30%). The percentage of resident and migratory species is also roughly equivalent(46.03% and 53.57%). Of the species that breed in Qianjiangyuan National Park, 68.79% are Oriental realm species, whereas most of winter non-breeding visitors are Palaearctic realm species(94.83%).Qianjiangyuan National Park harbors a rich bird community, accounting for over half(52%) of the total number of bird species in Zhejiang Province. These results confirm the park's significant value for avian conservation, despite its small size(252 km~2), and provide important baseline information for future avian research and conservation in this region.
引文
Chen SH,Huang Q,Fan ZY,Chen CS,Lu YW(2012)The update of Zhejiang bird checklist.Chinese Birds,3,118-136.
Chen SW,Yu JP,Chen XN,Shen XL,Li S,Ma KP(2016)Camera-trapping survey on the diversity of mammal and pheasant species in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province.Biodiversity Science,36,292-301.(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈声文,余建平,陈小南,申小莉,李晟,马克平(2016)利用红外相机网络调查古田山自然保护区的兽类及雉类多样性.生物多样性,36,292-301.]
Ding P,Jiang SR,Zhuge Y(1992)The fauna and community of birds in Gutianshan Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province.Chinese Journal of Zoology,27(6),19-22.(in Chinese)[丁平,姜仕仁,诸葛阳(1992)浙江古田山自然保护区的鸟类区系与群落.动物学杂志,27(6),19-22.]
Ding P,Zhuge Y,Jiang SR(1989)Community ecology birds on area of Gu Tian Mountain,Zhejiang Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica,9,121-127.(in Chinese with English abstract)[丁平,诸葛阳,姜仕仁(1989)浙江古田山自然保护区鸟类群落生态研究.生态学报,9,121-127.]
Jiang ZG,Jiang JP,Wang YZ,Zhang E,Zhang YY,Li LL,Xie F,Cai B,Cao L,Zheng GM,Dong L,Zhang ZW,Ding P,Luo ZH,Ding CQ,Ma ZJ,Tang SH,Cao WX,Li CW,Hu HJ,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang YX,Zhou KY,Liu SY,Chen YY,Li JT,Feng ZJ,Wang Y,Wang B,Li C,Song XL,Cai L,Zang CX,Zeng Y,Meng ZB,Fang HX,Ping XG(2016)Red List of China’s vertebrates.Biodiversity Science,24,500-551.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,张鹗,张雁云,李立立,谢锋,蔡波,曹亮,郑光美,董路,张正旺,丁平,罗振华,丁长青,马志军,汤宋华,曹文宣,李春旺,胡慧建,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,陈跃英,李家堂,冯祚建,王燕,王斌,李成,宋雪琳,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,曾岩,孟智斌,方红霞,平晓鸽(2016)中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24,500-551.]
Mac Kinnon J,Phillipps K,He FQ(2000)A Filed Guide to the Birds of China.Oxford University Press,Oxford.
Si XF,Ding P(2014)Camera trap survey on population dynamics of mammals and birds in Gutianshan Forest Dynamics Plot,eastern China.Biodiversity Science,22,819-822.(in Chinese with English abstract)[斯幸峰,丁平(2014)古田山森林动态监测样地内鸟兽种群动态的红外相机监测.生物多样性,22,819-822.]
Wang CL,Qian HY,Yu JP(2017)Birds of Qianjiangyuan National Park.Zhejiang University Press,Hangzhou.(in Chinese)[汪长林,钱海源,余建平(2017)钱江源国家公园鸟类图鉴.浙江大学出版社,杭州.]
Yu K,Tang ZM,Tang ZY(1983)Studies on the birds of Zhejiang Province.Journal of Shanghai Normal College,(1),49-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)[虞快,唐子明,唐子英(1983)浙江鸟类之研究.上海师范学院学报,(1),49-70.]
Zhang QW,Gong YN,Song XJ,Wang XC,Yang CT,Shu ZF,Zou FS(2018)Comparing the effectiveness of camera trapping to traditional methods for biodiversity surveys of forest birds.Biodiversity Science,26,229-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张倩雯,龚粤宁,宋相金,王新财,杨昌腾,束祖飞,邹发生(2018)红外相机技术与其他几种森林鸟类多样性调查方法的比较.生物多样性,26,229-237.]
Zheng GM(2017)A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China,3rd edn.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[郑光美(2017)中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三版).科学出版社,北京.]
Zhu SY,Duan F,Li S(2017)Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping network in China:Status,challenges and future outlook.Biodiversity Science,25,1114-1122.(in Chinese with English abstract)[朱淑怡,段菲,李晟(2017)基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景.生物多样性,25,1114-1122.]
Zhu X,Yang CJ(1988)A survey of birds in Zhejiang Province.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,5,243-258.(in Chinese with English abstract)[朱曦,杨春江(1988)浙江鸟类研究.浙江林学院学报,5,243-258.]
Zhuge Y(1990)Fauna of Zhejiang-Aves.Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House,Hangzhou.(in Chinese)[诸葛阳(1990)浙江动物志-鸟类.浙江科学技术出版社,杭州.]
Chen SW,Yu JP,Chen XN,Shen XL,Li S,Ma KP(2016)Camera-trapping survey on the diversity of mammal and pheasant species in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province.Biodiversity Science,36,292-301.(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈声文,余建平,陈小南,申小莉,李晟,马克平(2016)利用红外相机网络调查古田山自然保护区的兽类及雉类多样性.生物多样性,36,292-301.]
Ding P,Jiang SR,Zhuge Y(1992)The fauna and community of birds in Gutianshan Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province.Chinese Journal of Zoology,27(6),19-22.(in Chinese)[丁平,姜仕仁,诸葛阳(1992)浙江古田山自然保护区的鸟类区系与群落.动物学杂志,27(6),19-22.]
Ding P,Zhuge Y,Jiang SR(1989)Community ecology birds on area of Gu Tian Mountain,Zhejiang Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica,9,121-127.(in Chinese with English abstract)[丁平,诸葛阳,姜仕仁(1989)浙江古田山自然保护区鸟类群落生态研究.生态学报,9,121-127.]
Jiang ZG,Jiang JP,Wang YZ,Zhang E,Zhang YY,Li LL,Xie F,Cai B,Cao L,Zheng GM,Dong L,Zhang ZW,Ding P,Luo ZH,Ding CQ,Ma ZJ,Tang SH,Cao WX,Li CW,Hu HJ,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang YX,Zhou KY,Liu SY,Chen YY,Li JT,Feng ZJ,Wang Y,Wang B,Li C,Song XL,Cai L,Zang CX,Zeng Y,Meng ZB,Fang HX,Ping XG(2016)Red List of China’s vertebrates.Biodiversity Science,24,500-551.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,张鹗,张雁云,李立立,谢锋,蔡波,曹亮,郑光美,董路,张正旺,丁平,罗振华,丁长青,马志军,汤宋华,曹文宣,李春旺,胡慧建,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,陈跃英,李家堂,冯祚建,王燕,王斌,李成,宋雪琳,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,曾岩,孟智斌,方红霞,平晓鸽(2016)中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24,500-551.]
Mac Kinnon J,Phillipps K,He FQ(2000)A Filed Guide to the Birds of China.Oxford University Press,Oxford.
Si XF,Ding P(2014)Camera trap survey on population dynamics of mammals and birds in Gutianshan Forest Dynamics Plot,eastern China.Biodiversity Science,22,819-822.(in Chinese with English abstract)[斯幸峰,丁平(2014)古田山森林动态监测样地内鸟兽种群动态的红外相机监测.生物多样性,22,819-822.]
Wang CL,Qian HY,Yu JP(2017)Birds of Qianjiangyuan National Park.Zhejiang University Press,Hangzhou.(in Chinese)[汪长林,钱海源,余建平(2017)钱江源国家公园鸟类图鉴.浙江大学出版社,杭州.]
Yu K,Tang ZM,Tang ZY(1983)Studies on the birds of Zhejiang Province.Journal of Shanghai Normal College,(1),49-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)[虞快,唐子明,唐子英(1983)浙江鸟类之研究.上海师范学院学报,(1),49-70.]
Zhang QW,Gong YN,Song XJ,Wang XC,Yang CT,Shu ZF,Zou FS(2018)Comparing the effectiveness of camera trapping to traditional methods for biodiversity surveys of forest birds.Biodiversity Science,26,229-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张倩雯,龚粤宁,宋相金,王新财,杨昌腾,束祖飞,邹发生(2018)红外相机技术与其他几种森林鸟类多样性调查方法的比较.生物多样性,26,229-237.]
Zheng GM(2017)A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China,3rd edn.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[郑光美(2017)中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三版).科学出版社,北京.]
Zhu SY,Duan F,Li S(2017)Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping network in China:Status,challenges and future outlook.Biodiversity Science,25,1114-1122.(in Chinese with English abstract)[朱淑怡,段菲,李晟(2017)基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景.生物多样性,25,1114-1122.]
Zhu X,Yang CJ(1988)A survey of birds in Zhejiang Province.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,5,243-258.(in Chinese with English abstract)[朱曦,杨春江(1988)浙江鸟类研究.浙江林学院学报,5,243-258.]
Zhuge Y(1990)Fauna of Zhejiang-Aves.Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House,Hangzhou.(in Chinese)[诸葛阳(1990)浙江动物志-鸟类.浙江科学技术出版社,杭州.]