菲茨杰拉德的纽约情结与城市叙事
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摘要
在美国现代作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的人生和作品中,纽约都具有丰富的内涵。菲茨杰拉德对纽约的认识经历了梦想——幻灭——反思的过程,纽约不仅是一座具体有形、可感可知的大都会城市,还有多维度的象征意义,是事业成功、爱情圆满和精神慰藉三位一体的存在,寄托了作家难以放弃的都市情怀。菲茨杰拉德刻意保持一定的审美距离,勾勒出兼具理想与现实、美好与残酷双重品格的现代都市形象,他与纽约的纠葛真实地反映了美国社会从维多利亚时期向现代转型的文化困境。对于处在城市化进程中的中国文学,菲茨杰拉德的创作人生与城市叙事所揭示的时代命题,依然具有现实意义。
New York City, with rich connotations, plays a crucial part in the life and works of modern American writer, F. S. Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald's understanding of NYC undergoes a process of dream, disillusion and reflection. To him, NYC is not only a tangible city, but also a multidimensional symbol of career, love and the metropolitan spirit, a miniature of American society changing from the Victorian Period to the modern era.The life and writing career of Fitzgerald vividly present an epochal topic, which is enlightening to contemporary Chinese literature in its urbanization.
New York City, with rich connotations, plays a crucial part in the life and works of modern American writer, F. S. Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald's understanding of NYC undergoes a process of dream, disillusion and reflection. To him, NYC is not only a tangible city, but also a multidimensional symbol of career, love and the metropolitan spirit, a miniature of American society changing from the Victorian Period to the modern era.The life and writing career of Fitzgerald vividly present an epochal topic, which is enlightening to contemporary Chinese literature in its urbanization.
引文
[1]陈晓明.城市文学:无法现身的“他者”[J].文艺研究,2006(1):12.
[2]Arthur Mizener(ed.).F.Scott Fitzgerald:A Collection of Critical Essays[C].Englewood Cliffs,N.J.:Prentice-Hall.1963.65.
[3][11][32]Ruth Prigozy.Introduction:Scott,Zelda and the culture of celebrity[A].The Cambridge Companion to F.Scott Fitzgerald[C].Ed.Ruth Prigozy.Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press.2002.3、3、1.
[4][18][27]Philip Mcgowan.Exile and the City:F.Scott Fitzgerald’s“The Lost Decade”[J].The F.Scott Fitzgerald Review,2013(11-1):54&75、58、78.
[5]Peter Eisenstadt(ed.).The Encyclopedia of New York State[M].New York:Syracuse University Press.2005.xxv.
[6][7][8][12][14][21][24][29][美]菲茨杰拉德(Fitzgerald,F.S.).我遗失的城市[A].崩溃[M].黄昱宁,包慧怡,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011.38-39、36、39、45、37、50-51、50、51.
[9][美]菲茨杰拉德(Fitzgerald,F.S.).爵士时代的回声[A].崩溃[M].黄昱宁,包慧怡,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011.35.
[10][22][美]F.S.菲茨杰拉德.了不起的盖茨比[M].吴建国,译.杭州:浙江文艺出版社,2016.75、202.
[13](美)R·E·帕克,等.城市社会学[M].宋俊岭,等,译.北京:华夏出版社,1987.1.
[15][26](德)G.齐美尔.桥与门:齐美尔随笔集[C].涯鸿,等,译.上海:三联书店,1991.259、258.
[16]Alberto Lena.The Colors of New York Racism,Historicism and Site in F.Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby[J].European Contributions to American Studies,2004(53):216.
[17]Niko Lewis.Fitzgerald’s Mythical Mahattan:Coming of Age in“May Day”and“My Lost City”[J].The F.Scott Fitzgerald Review,2006(5):109.
[19][美]菲茨杰拉德(Fitzgerald,F.S.).崩溃[A].崩溃[M].黄昱宁,包慧怡,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011.90.
[20][28][30]程锡麟.菲茨杰拉德研究文集[C].南京:译林出版社,2014.216、5、7.
[23]James H.Meredith.Fitzgerald and War[A].A Historical Guide to F.Scott Fitzgerald[C].Ed.Kirk Curnnut.New York:Oxford University Press.2004.165.
[25][美]哈罗德·布鲁姆.短篇小说家与作品[M].童燕萍,译.南京:译林出版社,2016.170-171.
[31]Ronald Berman.Modernity and Progress:Fitzgerald,Hemingway,Orwell[M].Tuscaloosa,Alabama:University of Alabama Press.2005.14、17.
[33]Nathalie Cochoy.New York as a“Passing Stranger”in“The Beautiful and Damned”[J].The F.Scott Fitzgerald Review.2005(04):65.
[2]Arthur Mizener(ed.).F.Scott Fitzgerald:A Collection of Critical Essays[C].Englewood Cliffs,N.J.:Prentice-Hall.1963.65.
[3][11][32]Ruth Prigozy.Introduction:Scott,Zelda and the culture of celebrity[A].The Cambridge Companion to F.Scott Fitzgerald[C].Ed.Ruth Prigozy.Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press.2002.3、3、1.
[4][18][27]Philip Mcgowan.Exile and the City:F.Scott Fitzgerald’s“The Lost Decade”[J].The F.Scott Fitzgerald Review,2013(11-1):54&75、58、78.
[5]Peter Eisenstadt(ed.).The Encyclopedia of New York State[M].New York:Syracuse University Press.2005.xxv.
[6][7][8][12][14][21][24][29][美]菲茨杰拉德(Fitzgerald,F.S.).我遗失的城市[A].崩溃[M].黄昱宁,包慧怡,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011.38-39、36、39、45、37、50-51、50、51.
[9][美]菲茨杰拉德(Fitzgerald,F.S.).爵士时代的回声[A].崩溃[M].黄昱宁,包慧怡,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011.35.
[10][22][美]F.S.菲茨杰拉德.了不起的盖茨比[M].吴建国,译.杭州:浙江文艺出版社,2016.75、202.
[13](美)R·E·帕克,等.城市社会学[M].宋俊岭,等,译.北京:华夏出版社,1987.1.
[15][26](德)G.齐美尔.桥与门:齐美尔随笔集[C].涯鸿,等,译.上海:三联书店,1991.259、258.
[16]Alberto Lena.The Colors of New York Racism,Historicism and Site in F.Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby[J].European Contributions to American Studies,2004(53):216.
[17]Niko Lewis.Fitzgerald’s Mythical Mahattan:Coming of Age in“May Day”and“My Lost City”[J].The F.Scott Fitzgerald Review,2006(5):109.
[19][美]菲茨杰拉德(Fitzgerald,F.S.).崩溃[A].崩溃[M].黄昱宁,包慧怡,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011.90.
[20][28][30]程锡麟.菲茨杰拉德研究文集[C].南京:译林出版社,2014.216、5、7.
[23]James H.Meredith.Fitzgerald and War[A].A Historical Guide to F.Scott Fitzgerald[C].Ed.Kirk Curnnut.New York:Oxford University Press.2004.165.
[25][美]哈罗德·布鲁姆.短篇小说家与作品[M].童燕萍,译.南京:译林出版社,2016.170-171.
[31]Ronald Berman.Modernity and Progress:Fitzgerald,Hemingway,Orwell[M].Tuscaloosa,Alabama:University of Alabama Press.2005.14、17.
[33]Nathalie Cochoy.New York as a“Passing Stranger”in“The Beautiful and Damned”[J].The F.Scott Fitzgerald Review.2005(04):65.