基于完整性系数的声波法围岩松动圈测试
|
摘要
声波法围岩松动圈测试技术以精度高、成本低、操作简单等优点而被广泛采用,但由于现有的判别标准均存在模糊性大、主观因素强等缺陷而始终没有统一的松动圈位置界定标准。根据弹塑性介质波动理论,定义破碎岩石完整性系数Rv为破碎岩石纵波波速与完整岩石纵波波速比值的平方,松动圈完整性系数Lv为松动圈岩体纵波波速与原始未扰动岩体纵波波速比值的平方,对岩石和松动圈岩体的完整程度进行定量分析。依据松动圈的形成原理,假定在硐室开挖中松动圈完整性系数Lv近似等于破碎岩石完整性系数Rv,提出了基于完整性系数的围岩松动圈判别准则和测试方法。在宝汉高速石门隧道围岩松动圈测试中,利用室内试验和现场试验,得到石门隧道Ⅲ级片麻岩破碎岩石完整性系数Rv为0.53;根据现场围岩波速测试结果,在假定松动圈完整性系数Lv近似等于破碎岩石完整性系数Rv的条件下,得出松动圈位置岩体的纵波波速,进而得到Ⅲ级围岩松动圈厚度在0.55~1.35 m之间,且沿洞周分布并不均匀,明显呈拱肩部厚,边墙部薄,这与围岩的初始应力状态较为吻合。通过与原有声波法松动圈测试判别标准的结果对比中发现,基于完整性系数的新判别方法更为准确可靠,可有效为隧道设计和施工提供依据。
The acoustic method is widely used in determining the loose circle thickness with high precision,low cost and simple operation. However,because the existing discriminative standards are ambiguous and subjective,the uniform standard defining the loose circle is not put forward. According to the wave theory of elastic-plastic medium,the integrity coefficient of broken rock( Rv) is defined as the square of the ratio between broken rock longitudinal wave velocity and complete rock longitudinal wave velocity,and the integrity coefficient of loose circle( Lv) is the square of the ratio between loose circle rock mass longitudinal wave velocity and original rock mass longitudinal wave velocity,then the complete degrees of rock and loosed rock mass are quantitatively analyzed. According to the forming principle of loose circle,the discriminative criterion and test method of the surrounding rock loose circle based on the integrity coefficient are proposed,assuming that the integrity coefficient of the loose circle( Lv) is approximately equal to the integritycoefficient of the broken rock( Rv) in chamber excavation. In the test of the surrounding rock loose circle of the Shimen Tunnel in Baoji-Hanzhong Expressway,the integrity coefficient( Rv) of the broken rock of grade Ⅲ gneiss is 0. 53 through the combination of indoor test and field test. According to field test result of the surrounding rock longitudinal wave velocity,the longitudinal wave velocity of the surrounding rock loose circle is obtained,and the thickness of the grade Ⅲ surrounding rock loose circle which is in the range of0. 55-1. 35 m is also obtained under the assumption that the integrity coefficient of the loose circle( Lv) is approximately equal to the integrity coefficient of the broken rock( Rv). The distribution along the tunnel circumference is not uniform,of which the arch shoulder is thick and the wall is thin,which is consistent with the initial stress state of the surrounding rock. By comparing with the result of the original acoustic wave loose circle test,it is found that the new discriminant method based on the integrity coefficient is more accurate and reliable,which can provide a basis for the tunnel design and construction.
The acoustic method is widely used in determining the loose circle thickness with high precision,low cost and simple operation. However,because the existing discriminative standards are ambiguous and subjective,the uniform standard defining the loose circle is not put forward. According to the wave theory of elastic-plastic medium,the integrity coefficient of broken rock( Rv) is defined as the square of the ratio between broken rock longitudinal wave velocity and complete rock longitudinal wave velocity,and the integrity coefficient of loose circle( Lv) is the square of the ratio between loose circle rock mass longitudinal wave velocity and original rock mass longitudinal wave velocity,then the complete degrees of rock and loosed rock mass are quantitatively analyzed. According to the forming principle of loose circle,the discriminative criterion and test method of the surrounding rock loose circle based on the integrity coefficient are proposed,assuming that the integrity coefficient of the loose circle( Lv) is approximately equal to the integritycoefficient of the broken rock( Rv) in chamber excavation. In the test of the surrounding rock loose circle of the Shimen Tunnel in Baoji-Hanzhong Expressway,the integrity coefficient( Rv) of the broken rock of grade Ⅲ gneiss is 0. 53 through the combination of indoor test and field test. According to field test result of the surrounding rock longitudinal wave velocity,the longitudinal wave velocity of the surrounding rock loose circle is obtained,and the thickness of the grade Ⅲ surrounding rock loose circle which is in the range of0. 55-1. 35 m is also obtained under the assumption that the integrity coefficient of the loose circle( Lv) is approximately equal to the integrity coefficient of the broken rock( Rv). The distribution along the tunnel circumference is not uniform,of which the arch shoulder is thick and the wall is thin,which is consistent with the initial stress state of the surrounding rock. By comparing with the result of the original acoustic wave loose circle test,it is found that the new discriminant method based on the integrity coefficient is more accurate and reliable,which can provide a basis for the tunnel design and construction.
引文
[1]赵勇,田四明,孙毅.中国高速铁路隧道的发展及规划[J].隧道建设,2017,1(1):11-17.ZHAO Yong,TIAN Si-ming,SUN Yi.Development and Planning of High-speed Railway Tunnels in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,1(1):11-17.
[2]刘学增,苏云帆.隧道施工岩爆安全评价量化指标体系研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(11):88-93.LIU Xue-zeng,SU Yun-fang.Study on Rock Burst Safety Evaluation Quantitative Index System for Tunneling[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2010,27(11):88-93.
[3]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21-31.DONG Fang-ting,SONG Hong-wei,GUO Zhi-hong,et al.Roadway Support Theory Based on Broken Rock Zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):21-31.
[4]郭江涛.大松动圈软岩煤巷复合支护技术[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(11):35-37,41.GUO Jiang-tao.Composite Support Technology of Soft Coal Roadway with Large Loose Zone[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(11):35-37,41.
[5]林业成,贺发运,彭鸿雁,等.巷道松动圈测定及影响因素分析[J].化工矿物与加工,2016,45(10):34-37,41.LIN Ye-cheng,HE Fa-yun,PENG Hong-yan,et al.Determination of Broken Rock Zone of Roadway and Analysis of Its Influence Factors[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2016,45(10):34-37,41.
[6]陈跟马,曹长江,卢全体.大松动圈破碎围岩硐室锚架注协同支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(9):134-138,104.CHEN Gen-ma,CAO Chang-jiang,LU Quan-ti.Boltingsupport-grouting Cooperating Support Technology of Fractured Surrounding Rock Roadway in Large Loose Circle[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(9):134-138,104.
[7]卢宏建,高永涛,甘德清.隧道进口段坡体裂缝发生与控制机理[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(2):69-76.LU Hong-jian,GAO Yong-tao,GAN De-qing.Occurrence and Control Mechanisms of Slope Crack at Tunnel Entrance[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2013,30(2):69-76.
[8]王子江.岩石(体)波速与强度的宏观定量关系研究[J].铁道工程学报,2001,28(10):6-9.WANG Zi-jiang.Research on Macroscopical Quantitative Relation between Wave Velocity and Strength of Rock(Rock Mass)[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2001,28(10):6-9.
[9]曹平,陈冲,张科,等.金川矿山深部巷道围岩松动圈厚度测试与分析[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(8):2839-2844.CAO Ping,CHEN Chong,ZHANG Ke,et al.Measurement and Analysis of Deep Roadway Surrounding Rock Loose Zone in Jinchuan Mine[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology Edition,2014,45(8):2839-2844.
[10]张海磊,刘涛,郭生茂,等.隔离矿柱巷道围岩松动圈分布规律的测试[J].金属矿山,2014(7):151-155.ZHANG Hai-lei,LIU Tao,GUO Sheng-mao,et al.Loose Circle Distribution Survey of Roadway Surrounding Rock of Isolation Pillar[J].Metal Mine,2014,(7):151-155.
[11]吴庆东.地下水封洞室围岩松动圈范围测试分析[J].土工基础,2014,27(2):128-131.WU Qing-dong.Estimation of the Surrounding Rock Loosen Zone Thickness of an Underground Crude Oil Storage Caverns[J].Soil Engineering and Foundation,2014,27(2):128-131.
[12]张晓宇,李者,朱世安.深井软岩巷道围岩松动圈测试及支护技术[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(5):94-100.ZHANG Xiao-yu,LI Zhe,ZHU Shi-an.Support Technique of Deep Soft Rock Roadway Based on Loose Circle Test of Surrounding Rock[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(5):94-100.
[13]黄锋,朱合华,李秋实,等.隧道围岩松动圈的现场测试与理论分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(增1):145-150.HUANG Feng,ZHU He-hua,LI Qiu-shi,et al.Field Detection and Theoretic Analysis of Loose Circle of Rock Mass Surrounding Tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(S1):145-150.
[14]戴俊,杨凡,武宇,等.RSMSY5(N)声波仪在巷道围岩松动圈测试中的应用[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(12):76-78.DAI Jun,YANG Fan,WU Yu,et al.Application of RSMSY5(N)Acoustic-waves-monitor in Releasing Zone Measuring and Test[J].Coal Technology,2014,33(12):76-78.
[15]吴涛,戴俊,杜美利,等.基于声波法测试技术的巷道围岩松动圈测定[J],煤矿安全,2015,46(1):169-172.WU Tao,DAI Jun,DU Mei-li,et al.Surrounding Rock Loosing Circle Test Based on Acoustic Test Technology[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(1):169-172.
[16]李平宏,陈宗刚,薛有平,等.大洞径隧洞钻爆法开挖松动圈超声波长观孔检测应用实例[J].西北水电,2012(3):9-12.LI Ping-hong,CHEN Zong-gang,XUE You-ping,et al.An Example of Detection by Ultrasonic Wave Through Long-term Observation Hole in Loose Ring of Largediameter Tunnel Excavated by Drilling and Basting Method[J].Northwest Hydropower,2012(3):9-12.
[17]GB/T 50266—2013,工程岩体试验方法标准[S].GB/T 50266—2013,Standard for Test Methods of Engineering Rock Mass[S].
[18]张鹏海,杨天鸿,赵永川,等.岩石破坏过程中波速变化特征[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2015,36(1):134-137.ZHANG Peng-hai,YANG Tian-hong,ZHAO Yongchuan,et al.Variation Characteristics of Wave Velocity during Rock Failure Process[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science Edition,2015,36(1):134-137.
[19]JTG/T D70—2010,公路隧道设计细则[S].JTG/T D70—2010,Guidelines for Design of Highway Tunnel[S].
[2]刘学增,苏云帆.隧道施工岩爆安全评价量化指标体系研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(11):88-93.LIU Xue-zeng,SU Yun-fang.Study on Rock Burst Safety Evaluation Quantitative Index System for Tunneling[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2010,27(11):88-93.
[3]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21-31.DONG Fang-ting,SONG Hong-wei,GUO Zhi-hong,et al.Roadway Support Theory Based on Broken Rock Zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):21-31.
[4]郭江涛.大松动圈软岩煤巷复合支护技术[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(11):35-37,41.GUO Jiang-tao.Composite Support Technology of Soft Coal Roadway with Large Loose Zone[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(11):35-37,41.
[5]林业成,贺发运,彭鸿雁,等.巷道松动圈测定及影响因素分析[J].化工矿物与加工,2016,45(10):34-37,41.LIN Ye-cheng,HE Fa-yun,PENG Hong-yan,et al.Determination of Broken Rock Zone of Roadway and Analysis of Its Influence Factors[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2016,45(10):34-37,41.
[6]陈跟马,曹长江,卢全体.大松动圈破碎围岩硐室锚架注协同支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(9):134-138,104.CHEN Gen-ma,CAO Chang-jiang,LU Quan-ti.Boltingsupport-grouting Cooperating Support Technology of Fractured Surrounding Rock Roadway in Large Loose Circle[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(9):134-138,104.
[7]卢宏建,高永涛,甘德清.隧道进口段坡体裂缝发生与控制机理[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(2):69-76.LU Hong-jian,GAO Yong-tao,GAN De-qing.Occurrence and Control Mechanisms of Slope Crack at Tunnel Entrance[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2013,30(2):69-76.
[8]王子江.岩石(体)波速与强度的宏观定量关系研究[J].铁道工程学报,2001,28(10):6-9.WANG Zi-jiang.Research on Macroscopical Quantitative Relation between Wave Velocity and Strength of Rock(Rock Mass)[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2001,28(10):6-9.
[9]曹平,陈冲,张科,等.金川矿山深部巷道围岩松动圈厚度测试与分析[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(8):2839-2844.CAO Ping,CHEN Chong,ZHANG Ke,et al.Measurement and Analysis of Deep Roadway Surrounding Rock Loose Zone in Jinchuan Mine[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology Edition,2014,45(8):2839-2844.
[10]张海磊,刘涛,郭生茂,等.隔离矿柱巷道围岩松动圈分布规律的测试[J].金属矿山,2014(7):151-155.ZHANG Hai-lei,LIU Tao,GUO Sheng-mao,et al.Loose Circle Distribution Survey of Roadway Surrounding Rock of Isolation Pillar[J].Metal Mine,2014,(7):151-155.
[11]吴庆东.地下水封洞室围岩松动圈范围测试分析[J].土工基础,2014,27(2):128-131.WU Qing-dong.Estimation of the Surrounding Rock Loosen Zone Thickness of an Underground Crude Oil Storage Caverns[J].Soil Engineering and Foundation,2014,27(2):128-131.
[12]张晓宇,李者,朱世安.深井软岩巷道围岩松动圈测试及支护技术[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(5):94-100.ZHANG Xiao-yu,LI Zhe,ZHU Shi-an.Support Technique of Deep Soft Rock Roadway Based on Loose Circle Test of Surrounding Rock[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(5):94-100.
[13]黄锋,朱合华,李秋实,等.隧道围岩松动圈的现场测试与理论分析[J].岩土力学,2016,37(增1):145-150.HUANG Feng,ZHU He-hua,LI Qiu-shi,et al.Field Detection and Theoretic Analysis of Loose Circle of Rock Mass Surrounding Tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(S1):145-150.
[14]戴俊,杨凡,武宇,等.RSMSY5(N)声波仪在巷道围岩松动圈测试中的应用[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(12):76-78.DAI Jun,YANG Fan,WU Yu,et al.Application of RSMSY5(N)Acoustic-waves-monitor in Releasing Zone Measuring and Test[J].Coal Technology,2014,33(12):76-78.
[15]吴涛,戴俊,杜美利,等.基于声波法测试技术的巷道围岩松动圈测定[J],煤矿安全,2015,46(1):169-172.WU Tao,DAI Jun,DU Mei-li,et al.Surrounding Rock Loosing Circle Test Based on Acoustic Test Technology[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(1):169-172.
[16]李平宏,陈宗刚,薛有平,等.大洞径隧洞钻爆法开挖松动圈超声波长观孔检测应用实例[J].西北水电,2012(3):9-12.LI Ping-hong,CHEN Zong-gang,XUE You-ping,et al.An Example of Detection by Ultrasonic Wave Through Long-term Observation Hole in Loose Ring of Largediameter Tunnel Excavated by Drilling and Basting Method[J].Northwest Hydropower,2012(3):9-12.
[17]GB/T 50266—2013,工程岩体试验方法标准[S].GB/T 50266—2013,Standard for Test Methods of Engineering Rock Mass[S].
[18]张鹏海,杨天鸿,赵永川,等.岩石破坏过程中波速变化特征[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2015,36(1):134-137.ZHANG Peng-hai,YANG Tian-hong,ZHAO Yongchuan,et al.Variation Characteristics of Wave Velocity during Rock Failure Process[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science Edition,2015,36(1):134-137.
[19]JTG/T D70—2010,公路隧道设计细则[S].JTG/T D70—2010,Guidelines for Design of Highway Tunnel[S].