不同开挖方式下深埋大理岩岩爆发生范围预测
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摘要
针对锦屏二级深埋大理岩在钻爆法和TBM开挖下围岩中能量变化进行了数值模拟,讨论了岩爆潜在发生范围与围岩力学特性的联系,并研究了岩体脆性、岩体强度特征对岩爆发生范围的影响。同时,结合锦屏二级引水隧洞岩爆实测数据加以验证。研究发现:TBM开挖对围岩的扰动较小,开挖面附近用于诱发岩爆的储能较高,但由于脆性特征的岩层厚度较薄,岩爆发生等级一般较小,岩爆爆坑度深度在0～1.0 m,且小于0.5 m的低等级岩爆居多;钻爆法开挖下,围岩中应变能瞬态释放,降低了岩爆潜在发生的能量源,而脆性特征的岩层厚度却较大,岩爆爆坑一般为2.0 m,高等级岩爆较多。
According to the energy change of deep-buried marble in Jin-ping Ⅱ Hydropower Station under drilling blasting method and TBM excavation, a numerical model was proposed to discuss the relationship between the potential occurring range of rock burst and the mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock. The effects of the brittleness and strength of rock mass were studied. Besides, the results of numerical simulation were analysed and verified through the rock burst monitoring data of the diversion tunnel in Jin-ping Ⅱ Hydropower Station. The research shows that the disturbance of surrounding rock is small during TBM excavation and the stored energy near the excavation face is higher. As the thickness of the brittle rock is small, the rock burst grade may be rather lower. The burst depth is generally in the range of 0—1.0 m,and mostly less than 0.5 m. For blasting excavation, the strain energy of surrounding rock releases in a transient state, which reduces the energy source of rock burst, but owing that the thickness of the brittle rock is small, the burst depth is generally 2.0 m, and high-level rock bursts may more happen.
According to the energy change of deep-buried marble in Jin-ping Ⅱ Hydropower Station under drilling blasting method and TBM excavation, a numerical model was proposed to discuss the relationship between the potential occurring range of rock burst and the mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock. The effects of the brittleness and strength of rock mass were studied. Besides, the results of numerical simulation were analysed and verified through the rock burst monitoring data of the diversion tunnel in Jin-ping Ⅱ Hydropower Station. The research shows that the disturbance of surrounding rock is small during TBM excavation and the stored energy near the excavation face is higher. As the thickness of the brittle rock is small, the rock burst grade may be rather lower. The burst depth is generally in the range of 0—1.0 m,and mostly less than 0.5 m. For blasting excavation, the strain energy of surrounding rock releases in a transient state, which reduces the energy source of rock burst, but owing that the thickness of the brittle rock is small, the burst depth is generally 2.0 m, and high-level rock bursts may more happen.
引文
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[12]陈海军,郦能惠,聂德新,等.岩爆预测的人工神经网络模型[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):229-232.CHEN Haijun,LI Nenghui,NIE Dexin,et al.A method for prediction of rockburst by artificialneural network[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):229-232.
[13]冯夏庭.智能岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[14]宫凤强,李夕兵.岩爆发生和烈度分级预测的距离判别方法和应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1013-1018.GONG Fengqiang,LI Xibing.A distance discriminant analysis method for prediction of possibility and classification of rockburst and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1013-1018.
[15]何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865-876.HE Manchao,MIAO Jinli,LI Dejian,et al.Experimental study on rockburst process of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865-876.
[16]DURRHEIM R J,HAILE A,ROBERTS M K C,et al.Violent failure a remnant in a deep South African gold mine[J].Tectonophysics,1998,289(1):105-116.
[17]MARTINI C D,READ R S,MARTINO J B.Observations of brittle failure around a circular test tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(7):1065-1073.
[18]严鹏,卢文波,陈明,等.深部岩体开挖方式对损伤区影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1097-1106.YAN Peng,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.In-situ test research on influence of excavation method on induced damage zone in deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1097-1106.
[19]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3010.XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3003-3010.
[20]ABUOV M G,AITALIEV S M,ERMEKOV T M,et al.Studies of the effect of dynamic processes during explosive break-out upon the roof of mining excavations[J].Journal of Mining Science,1988,24(6):581-590.
[21]严鹏,卢文波,陈明,等.TBM和钻爆开挖条件下隧洞围岩松动范围研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(11):121-128.YAN Peng,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.Research on characters of damage zone in surrounding rock of tunnel under tbm and blasting excavation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(11):121-128.
[22]CAI M.Influence of stress path on tunnel excavation response-numerical tool selection and modeling strategy[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(6):618-628.
[23]宗琦,孟德君.炮孔不同装药结构对爆破能量影响的理论探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):641-645.ZONG Qi,MENG Dejun.Influence of different kinds of hole charging structue on explosion energy transmission[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):641-645
[24]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(2):144-147.DAI Jun.Calculation of radii of the broken and cracked areas in rock by a long charge explosion[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2001,20(2):144-147.
[25]张春生,陈祥荣,侯靖,等.锦屏二级水电站深埋大理岩力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1999-2009.ZHANG Chunsheng,CHEN Xiangrong,HOU Jing,et al.Study of mechanical behavior of deep-buried marble at Jinping IIhydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1999-2009.
[2]尚雪义,李夕兵,彭康,等.FSWT-SVD模型在岩体微震信号特征提取中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(14):52-60.SHANG Xueyi,LI Xibing,PENG Kang,et al.Application of FSWT-SVD model in the feature extraction of rock mass microseismic signals[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(14):52-60.
[3]唐春安,王思敬,杨志法,等.岩石的破裂,失稳及岩爆[M]∥中国岩石力学与工程世纪成就.南京:河海大学出版社,2004.
[4]READ R S.20 years of excavation response studies at AECL’s underground research laboratory[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(8):1251-1275.
[5]KAISER P K,CAI M.Design of rock support system under rockburst condition[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2012,4(3):215-227.
[6]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):561-569.CHEN Bingrui,FENG Xiating,MING Huajun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnels:time delayed rockbursts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):561-569.
[7]陈庆,郑颖人,陈剑杰.花岗岩隧道地震响应机理及减震技术探析[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(10):149-156.CHEN Qing,ZHENG Yingren,CHEN Jianjie.Analysis of seismic responses of granite tunnel under earthquake effect and related aseismic measures[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(10):149-156.
[8]陈卫忠,吕森鹏,郭小红,等.基于能量原理的卸围压试验与岩爆判据研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1530-1540.CHEN Weizhong,LSenpeng,GUO Xiaohong,et al.Research on unloading confining pressure tests and rockburst criterion based on energy theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1530-1540.
[9]谢和平.岩爆的分形特征及机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(1):28-37.XIE Heping.Fractal characteristics and mechanism of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(1):28-37.
[10]王元汉,李卧东,李启光,等.岩爆预测的模糊数学综合评判方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(5):493-501.WANG Yuanhan,LI Wodong,LI Qiguang,et al.Method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluations for rockburst prediction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(5):493-501.
[11]潘一山,章梦涛,李国臻.洞室岩爆的尖角型突变模型[J].应用数学和力学,1994,15(10):893-990.PAN Yishan,ZHANG Mengtao,LI Guozhen.The study of chamber rockburst by the CUSP model of catastrophe theory[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,1994,15(10):893-990.
[12]陈海军,郦能惠,聂德新,等.岩爆预测的人工神经网络模型[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):229-232.CHEN Haijun,LI Nenghui,NIE Dexin,et al.A method for prediction of rockburst by artificialneural network[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):229-232.
[13]冯夏庭.智能岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[14]宫凤强,李夕兵.岩爆发生和烈度分级预测的距离判别方法和应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1013-1018.GONG Fengqiang,LI Xibing.A distance discriminant analysis method for prediction of possibility and classification of rockburst and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1013-1018.
[15]何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865-876.HE Manchao,MIAO Jinli,LI Dejian,et al.Experimental study on rockburst process of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865-876.
[16]DURRHEIM R J,HAILE A,ROBERTS M K C,et al.Violent failure a remnant in a deep South African gold mine[J].Tectonophysics,1998,289(1):105-116.
[17]MARTINI C D,READ R S,MARTINO J B.Observations of brittle failure around a circular test tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(7):1065-1073.
[18]严鹏,卢文波,陈明,等.深部岩体开挖方式对损伤区影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1097-1106.YAN Peng,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.In-situ test research on influence of excavation method on induced damage zone in deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1097-1106.
[19]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3010.XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3003-3010.
[20]ABUOV M G,AITALIEV S M,ERMEKOV T M,et al.Studies of the effect of dynamic processes during explosive break-out upon the roof of mining excavations[J].Journal of Mining Science,1988,24(6):581-590.
[21]严鹏,卢文波,陈明,等.TBM和钻爆开挖条件下隧洞围岩松动范围研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(11):121-128.YAN Peng,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.Research on characters of damage zone in surrounding rock of tunnel under tbm and blasting excavation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(11):121-128.
[22]CAI M.Influence of stress path on tunnel excavation response-numerical tool selection and modeling strategy[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(6):618-628.
[23]宗琦,孟德君.炮孔不同装药结构对爆破能量影响的理论探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):641-645.ZONG Qi,MENG Dejun.Influence of different kinds of hole charging structue on explosion energy transmission[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):641-645
[24]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(2):144-147.DAI Jun.Calculation of radii of the broken and cracked areas in rock by a long charge explosion[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2001,20(2):144-147.
[25]张春生,陈祥荣,侯靖,等.锦屏二级水电站深埋大理岩力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1999-2009.ZHANG Chunsheng,CHEN Xiangrong,HOU Jing,et al.Study of mechanical behavior of deep-buried marble at Jinping IIhydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1999-2009.