1979-2015年松嫩高平原土地利用格局变化及影响因子分析
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摘要
为明确松嫩高平原土地利用格局变化特征及影响因子对其作用方式。该文以巴彦县为例,在明确1979-1991年、1991-2003年、2003-2015年间研究区土地利用格局变化特征的基础上,运用典范对应分析(CCA,canonical correspondence analusis)和径向基函数(RBF,radial basis function)神经网络模型,分析3个不同时段研究区土地利用格局变化主要影响因子,及各影响因子对土地利用格局作用强度及方向的时间演变规律。研究结果表明:1)3个不同时段,研究区各土地利用类型的面积增减幅度不一,1991-2003年,旱地面积增加11 514.56 hm2,其他用地面积减少6 445.57 hm2,土地利用面积变化幅度最大。2)1991-2003年,坡度、土壤类型、土壤质地、土壤肥力、土壤水分、GDP、区位指数、集中化程度、多样性指数和土地利用强度等关键性影响因子与第1排序轴的影响系数分别为-0.386 6、-0.559 4、-0.342 3、0.648 3、0.352 6、0.187 1、0.393 6、0.417 0、0.388 8、-0.583 3,其强度明显高于1979-1991年和2003-2015年,是造成该期间土地利用类型之间转换频繁,土地利用面积变化幅度大的主要原因。3)3个不同时段,影响各土地利用类型变化的关键性因子不同,在影响因子的共同作用下,土地利用类型的面积增减幅度不一,促使旱地发生转变的土地利用强度,在1991-2003年间对旱地的作用强度明显下降,影响系数由0.485 4变为0.338 4,是旱地在该期间面积增加较多的主要原因。研究结论:3个不同时段内,各关键性影响因子对土地利用格局的作用强度、方向及方式均有所变化,导致研究区土地利用格局存在明显的分异特征。
A series of ecological and socioeconomic problems were caused by the change of land use pattern.In order to clarify the characteristics of the change of land use pattern and the mode of action of the influence factors in Songnen high plain,this paper,taking Bayan County,Heilongjiang Province as a case,on the basis of the characteristics of land use patterns in the study area during 1979-1991,1991-2003 and 2003-2015,recognized the main influencing factors of land use pattern change in 3 periods and made clear temporal evolution of the strength and direction of the factors on land use patterns based on the canonical correlation analysis and radial basis function neural network.The results showed that,firstly,during 1979-1991,1991-2003 and 2003-2015,the land use types in the study area varied in magnitude and the areas of dry land,paddy field and other land use types varied greatly.The area of dry land increased by 11 514.56 hm2,and the area of other land use types reduced by 6 445.57 hm2 and the land use area changed the most in 1991-2003.Secondly,the change of land use pattern in the study area was influenced by both natural and human factors.The key factors that affected the change of land use pattern were different in the 3 different periods,and the influence intensity,direction and manner of the key influence factors on land use pattern changed.During 1991-2003,the correlation coefficients between key factors as slope,soil type,soil texture,soil fertility,soil moisture,GDP,population,location index,concentration degree,diversity index,land use intensity and the first sort axis were-0.386 6,-0.559 4,-0.342 3,0.648 3,0.352 6,0.187 1,0.091 8,0.393 6,0.417 0,0.388 8,and-0.583 3,respectively,which were higher than those in 1979-1991 and 2003-2015,and resulted in frequent conversion of land use types and large change in land use area during this period.The influence of elevation,slope and landform types on the land use pattern in the study area was greater,and the impact intensity increased firstly and then decreased,the strongest in 1991-2003; soil type,soil texture and soil fertility had great influence on land use pattern,and the soil factors of land use pattern in 1991-2003 were more; distance factors,i.e.distance from town center and distance from river had great influence on land use pattern,and the change of intensity was not significant; the land use degree factors,i.e.location index,degree of centralization,diversity index and land use intensity of land use pattern in the research area were very strong,and the impact strength increased firstly and then decreased,the strongest in 1991-2003.Thirdly,the main factors that affected the change of land use types were different.Moreover,the effects,intensities,directions and ways of different factors on land use types were different.Under the combined effects of various factors,the area change of land use types was different.The change of dry land was greatly affected by the intensity of land use.The land use intensity caused by the change of dry land decreased obviously in the 1991-2003 years.The influence coefficient was 0.485 4,0.338 4 and 0.335 5 respectively in 3 different periods,which promoted the intensity of land use change in dry land.The intensity of land use decreased significantly in the 1991-2003 years,which was the main reason to the increase of dry land area during this period.The change of paddy field was increased due to the influence of the distance from water areas and the soil moisture.The influence coefficient increased from 0.144 1,0.332 3 in 1979-1991 to 0.295,0.343 in 2003-2015 respectively.The conclusion is that:In 3 different periods,the key factors on the intensity,direction and way of the land use pattern have changed more or less,which leads to the obvious differentiation characteristics of land use pattern in the study area.
A series of ecological and socioeconomic problems were caused by the change of land use pattern.In order to clarify the characteristics of the change of land use pattern and the mode of action of the influence factors in Songnen high plain,this paper,taking Bayan County,Heilongjiang Province as a case,on the basis of the characteristics of land use patterns in the study area during 1979-1991,1991-2003 and 2003-2015,recognized the main influencing factors of land use pattern change in 3 periods and made clear temporal evolution of the strength and direction of the factors on land use patterns based on the canonical correlation analysis and radial basis function neural network.The results showed that,firstly,during 1979-1991,1991-2003 and 2003-2015,the land use types in the study area varied in magnitude and the areas of dry land,paddy field and other land use types varied greatly.The area of dry land increased by 11 514.56 hm2,and the area of other land use types reduced by 6 445.57 hm2 and the land use area changed the most in 1991-2003.Secondly,the change of land use pattern in the study area was influenced by both natural and human factors.The key factors that affected the change of land use pattern were different in the 3 different periods,and the influence intensity,direction and manner of the key influence factors on land use pattern changed.During 1991-2003,the correlation coefficients between key factors as slope,soil type,soil texture,soil fertility,soil moisture,GDP,population,location index,concentration degree,diversity index,land use intensity and the first sort axis were-0.386 6,-0.559 4,-0.342 3,0.648 3,0.352 6,0.187 1,0.091 8,0.393 6,0.417 0,0.388 8,and-0.583 3,respectively,which were higher than those in 1979-1991 and 2003-2015,and resulted in frequent conversion of land use types and large change in land use area during this period.The influence of elevation,slope and landform types on the land use pattern in the study area was greater,and the impact intensity increased firstly and then decreased,the strongest in 1991-2003; soil type,soil texture and soil fertility had great influence on land use pattern,and the soil factors of land use pattern in 1991-2003 were more; distance factors,i.e.distance from town center and distance from river had great influence on land use pattern,and the change of intensity was not significant; the land use degree factors,i.e.location index,degree of centralization,diversity index and land use intensity of land use pattern in the research area were very strong,and the impact strength increased firstly and then decreased,the strongest in 1991-2003.Thirdly,the main factors that affected the change of land use types were different.Moreover,the effects,intensities,directions and ways of different factors on land use types were different.Under the combined effects of various factors,the area change of land use types was different.The change of dry land was greatly affected by the intensity of land use.The land use intensity caused by the change of dry land decreased obviously in the 1991-2003 years.The influence coefficient was 0.485 4,0.338 4 and 0.335 5 respectively in 3 different periods,which promoted the intensity of land use change in dry land.The intensity of land use decreased significantly in the 1991-2003 years,which was the main reason to the increase of dry land area during this period.The change of paddy field was increased due to the influence of the distance from water areas and the soil moisture.The influence coefficient increased from 0.144 1,0.332 3 in 1979-1991 to 0.295,0.343 in 2003-2015 respectively.The conclusion is that:In 3 different periods,the key factors on the intensity,direction and way of the land use pattern have changed more or less,which leads to the obvious differentiation characteristics of land use pattern in the study area.
引文
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[3]郭洪峰,许月卿,吴艳芳.基于地形梯度的土地利用格局与时空变化分析:以北京市平谷区为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(1):160-166.Guo Hongfeng,Xu Yueqing,Wu Yanfang.Analysis of the land use spatial pattern and spatio-temporal changes based on terrain gradient:A case study of Pinggu district in Beijing[J].Economic Geography,2013,33(1):160-166.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]阳柏苏,何平,赵同谦.张家界国家森林公园土地利用格局变化[J].生态学报,2006,26(6):2027-2034.Yang Bosu,He Ping,Zhao Tongqian.Land use pattern changes from 1990 to 2000 in Zhangjiajie national forest park[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(6):2027-2034.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]宋戈,王盼盼,王越,等.黑龙江省巴彦县土地利用类型变化特征及其空间格局分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(3):163-170.Song Ge,Wang Panpan,Wang Yue,et al.Land-use types change characteristics and spatial heterogeneity in Bayan of Heilongjiang province[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(3):163-170.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.Liu Jiyuan,Kuang Wenhui,Zhang Zengxiang,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns and causes of land use changes in China since the late 1980s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(1):3-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]满苏尔·沙比提,祖丽胡玛尔·达吾提.南疆典型绿洲土地利用空间格局变化特征分析:以疏勒县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(8):84-88.Mansur·Shabit,Zulhumar·Dawut.Dynamic characteristics of spatial pattern of the typical oasis land use in Shule county,southern Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(8):84-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]贡璐,潘晓玲,师庆东,等.塔里木河上游土地利用格局变化及其影响因子分析[J].资源科学,2005,27(4):71-75.Gong Lu,Pan Xiaoling,Shi Qingdong,et al.Land use pattern and influential factors in the upper reaches of Tarim river[J].Resources Science,2005,27(4):71-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]张健,陈凤,濮励杰,等.近20年苏锡常地区土地利用格局变化及其驱动因素分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(4):61-69.Zhang Jian,Chen Feng,Pu Lijie,et al.Analyzing land use change and its driving forces in SXC region over the past 20years[J].Resources Science,2007,29(4):61-69.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Wang Xiuhong,Zheng Du,Shen Yuancun.Land use change and its driving forces on the Tibetan Plateau during 1990-2000[J].Catena,2008,72(1):56-66.
[11]Xie Yichun,Yu Mei,Tian Guangjin,et al.Socio-economic driving forces of arable land conversion:A case study of Wuxian city,China[J].Global Environmental Change,2005,15(3):238-252.
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