基于道路网络分析技术的耕地细碎化测度模型改进
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摘要
为了提高耕地细碎化测度结果的准确性,运用GIS网络分析技术改进了测度模型。首先,综述了耕地细碎化的内涵和现有测度方法不足,提出实际道路网络是耕地细碎化程度测定中不可或缺的指标。其次,依据耕地细碎化的内涵,选取基于道路网络的农户地块道路通达性指数、农户地块面积指数、农户地块形状指数3个指标,构建了新的耕地细碎化测度模型。最后,采用新模型对典型村的耕地细碎化程度进行实证分析,证实该模型的有效性,并对比分析农户到其耕作地块的直线距离与道路网络距离两种距离测度方式下的耕地细碎化差异,表明与道路网络距离相比直线距离低估了耕地细碎化水平。改进的测度模型对深化研究耕地细碎化及其对农业生产投入—产出的影响等研究具有积极意义。
This study used GIS network analysis technique to improve the accuracy of an arable farmland fragmentation measurement model. It first summarized the connotation of arable farmland fragmentation and the existing measurement methods. It proposed that the actual road network is an indispensable indicator for the determination of the degree of arable farmland fragmentation. Second, according to the connotation of arable farmland fragmentation, three indicators farmer's plot road accessibility index, farmer's plot area index, and farmer's plot shape index based on road network were selected, and a new arable farmland fragmentation measurement model was constructed. Finally, an empirical analysis of 206 farming households in a typical study area was carried out with the improved arable farmland fragmentation measurement model to confirm the validity of the model, and to compare the Euclidean distance between the farmhouse and the cultivated land and the road network distance. Then we compared and analyzed the difference between the farmer's Euclidean distance to the cultivated land and the road network distance using the two distance measurement methods. Compared with the road network distance,the Euclidean distance underestimated the level of cultivated farmland fragmentation. The improved measurement model of this study has positive significance for further research on cultivated farmland fragmentation and its impact on agricultural production input-output.
This study used GIS network analysis technique to improve the accuracy of an arable farmland fragmentation measurement model. It first summarized the connotation of arable farmland fragmentation and the existing measurement methods. It proposed that the actual road network is an indispensable indicator for the determination of the degree of arable farmland fragmentation. Second, according to the connotation of arable farmland fragmentation, three indicators farmer's plot road accessibility index, farmer's plot area index, and farmer's plot shape index based on road network were selected, and a new arable farmland fragmentation measurement model was constructed. Finally, an empirical analysis of 206 farming households in a typical study area was carried out with the improved arable farmland fragmentation measurement model to confirm the validity of the model, and to compare the Euclidean distance between the farmhouse and the cultivated land and the road network distance. Then we compared and analyzed the difference between the farmer's Euclidean distance to the cultivated land and the road network distance using the two distance measurement methods. Compared with the road network distance,the Euclidean distance underestimated the level of cultivated farmland fragmentation. The improved measurement model of this study has positive significance for further research on cultivated farmland fragmentation and its impact on agricultural production input-output.
引文
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[2]孙雁,刘友兆.基于细碎化的土地资源可持续利用评价:以江西分宜县为例[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(5):802-810.[Sun Y,Liu Y Z.Evaluation of land use sustainability based on land fragmentation:A case on Fenyi County,Jiangxi Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(5):802-810.]
[3]谭淑豪,曲福田,尼克·哈瑞柯.土地细碎化的成因及其影响因素分析[J].中国农村观察,2003,(6):24-30.[Tan S H,Qu F T,Nico H.Causes and determinants of land fragmentation[J].China Rural Survey,2003,(6):24-30.]
[4]张英.山区坡耕地撂荒机理与模型模拟:以重庆武隆县为例[D].北京:中国科学院,2014.[Zhang Y.Basic Mechanisms and Modeling of Sloping Cropland Abandonment in Mountianous Areas:A Case Study of Wulong County,Chongqing[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014.]
[5]吕振宇.耕地细碎化的评价、效应及整治研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.[Lv Z Y.Study on the Evaluation,Effects and Consolidation of Cultivated Land Fragmentation[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.]
[6]邓瑶,信桂新,王军,等.丘陵山区土地细碎化治理综合评价[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):157-163.[Deng Y,Xin G X,Wang J,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of land fragmentation treatment in hilly and mountainous areas[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2017,39(3):157-163.]
[7]纪月清,顾天竹,陈奕山,等.从地块层面看农业规模经营:基于流转租金与地块规模关系的讨论[J].管理世界,2017,(8):65-73.[Ji Y Q,Gu T Z,Chen Y S,et al.Agricultural scale management from the perspective of land parcels:Discussion on the relationship between circulation rent and land size[J].Management World,2017,(8):65-73.]
[8]文高辉,杨钢桥,汪文雄,等.基于农户视角的耕地细碎化程度评价:以湖北省“江夏区-咸安区-通山县”为例[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(9):1129-1143.[Wen G H,Yang G Q,Wang W X,et al.Evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation degree based on farmers’perspective:A case of Jiangxia District,Xian’an District,and Tongshan County in Hubei Province[J].Progress in Geography,2016,35(9):1129-1143.]
[9]赵凯.论土地细碎化及其定量测定方法[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(10):35-39.[Zhao K.Land fragmentation and its quantitative measurement method[J].China Land Sciences,2011,25(10):35-39.]
[10]孙雁,赵小敏.分宜县土地细碎化的中观尺度研究[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(4):25-31.[Su Y,Zhao X M.Research on land fragmentation of Fenyi County on meso-level[J].China Land Sciences,2010,24(4):25-31.]
[11]白志远,陈英,谢保鹏,等.ARCGIS支持下的景观细碎化与耕地利用效率关系研究:以甘肃省康乐县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):42-46.[Bai Z Y,Chen Y,Xie B P,et al.The relationship between landscape fragmentation and cultivated land use efficiency:A case of Kangle Country,Gansu Province[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(4):42-46.]
[12]祖健,张蚌蚌,孔祥斌.西南山地丘陵区耕地细碎化特征及其利用效率:以贵州省草海村为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(1):104-113.[Zu J,Zang B B,Kong X B.Characteristic of cultivated land fragmentation and land use efficiency in southwest mountainous region:A case study of Caohai Village in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(1):104-113.]
[13]Bins B O.The Consolidation of Fragmented Agricultural Holdings[M].Washington D C:FAO Agriculture Studies,1950.
[14]吴洋,聂勇,胡振虎,等.家庭生命周期、土地细碎化与农户农业生产性投入:来自湖北省老河口市的数据[J].云南财经大学学报,2008,24(1):70-75.[Wu Y,Nie Y,Hu Z H,et al.Family life cycle,land fragmentation and peasant household agricultural productive input:Data from Laohekou city in Hubei Province[J].Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,2008,24(1):70-75.]
[15]许庆,田士超,徐志刚,等.农地制度、土地细碎化与农民收入不平等[J].经济研究,2008,(2):83-92.[Xu Q,Tian S C,Xu Z G,et al.Rural land system,land fragmentation and farmer’s income inequality[J].Economic Research Journal,2008,(2):83-92.]
[16]King R.Land fragmentation:Notes on a fundamental rural spatial problem[J].Progress in Human Geography,1982,6(4):475-494.
[17]苏旭霞,王秀清.农用地细碎化与农户粮食生产:以山东省莱西市为例的分析[J].中国农村观察,2002,(3):22-28.[Su X X,Wang X Q.Rural land fragmentation and rural household crop production:A case of Laixi,Shandong province[J].China Rural Survey,2002,(3):22-28.]
[18]王兴稳,钟甫宁.土地细碎化与农用地流转市场[J].中国农村观察,2008,(4):29-34.[Wang X W,Zhong F N.Land fragmentation and the land transfer market[J].China Rural Survey,2008,(4):29-34.]
[19]高江波,蔡运龙.区域景观破碎化的多尺度空间变异研究:以贵州省乌江流域为例[J].地理科学,2010,16(5):742-747.[Gao JB,Cai Y L.Spatial heterogeneity of landscape fragmentation at multi-scales:A case study in Wujang river basin,Guizhou Province,China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2010,16(5):742-747.]
[20]张尹君杰,卓建伟.土地细碎化的正面与负面效应的双重论证[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2008,7(4):25-29.[Zhang Y J J,Zhuo J W.Dual argument on positive and negative effect of land fragmentation[J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University,2008,7(4):25-29.]
[21]李庆东,王秋兵,钱凤魁,等.农户耕地经营细碎化分析:以辽宁省昌图县为例[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(6):230-232.[Li QD,Wang Q B,Qian F K,et al.Analysis on fragmentation of cultivated land in typical region:A case of Changtu County in Liaoning Province[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2010,37(6):230-232.]
[22]Demetriou D,Stillwell J,See L.A new methodology for measuring land fragmentation[J].Computers Environment&Urban Systems,2013,39:71-80.
[23]李鑫,欧名豪,马贤磊.基于景观指数的细碎化对耕地利用效率影响研究:以扬州市里下河区域为例[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1758-1767.[Li X,Ou M H,Ma X L.Analysis on impact of fragmentation based on lands cape index to cultivated land use efficiency:A case on Lixiahe Distrct in Yangzhou City[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(10):1758-1767.]
[24]黄思琴,陈英,张仁陟,等.基于景观指数的耕地细碎化与农业经济水平的空间相关性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):238-244.[Huang S Q,Chen Y,Zhang R Z,et al.Spatial correlation analysis of land fragmentation and agriculture development based on landscape indexes[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(3):238-244.]
[25]台晓丽,肖武,张建勇,等.基于景观指数的巢湖流域各县区耕地细碎化研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):94-98.[Tai X L,Xiao W,Zhang J Y,et al.Research of cultivated land fragmentation at the township level of Chaohu basin based on landscape metrics[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(4):94-98.]
[26]Wu Z,Liu M,Davis J.Land consolidation and productivity in Chinese household crop production[J].China Economic Review,2005,16(1):28-49.
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