桁架加劲单层网壳钢结构冷却塔结构优化设计研究
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摘要
传统混凝土冷却塔应用广泛,但在设计施工、日常维护方面存在问题.钢结构冷却塔由于结构轻巧、抗震性能好、施工快速、经济性优良等优点在大型发电厂中已得到应用,且具有广阔的发展空间.本文提出一种新型的桁架加劲单层网壳钢结构冷却塔,基于应力控制原则建立了优化设计方法,提出一种分步优化松弛迭代算法,重点解决了优化过程中迭代收敛性的问题.针对与几何尺寸和结构构造相关的5个主要参数,进行了正交试验,以总用钢量和塔顶最大侧移为设计指标,通过优化设计和方差分析,发现环向桁架个数是最为重要的影响参数.与已建成的双层网壳冷却塔进行了基频、总用钢量、塔顶最大侧移和弹性屈曲荷载的对比,表明在满足侧移等设计指标的情况下,该新型冷却塔在用钢量上具有明显优势.
With traditional concrete cooling towers being widely used, problems also arise with respect to the design, construction and daily maintenance. Steel cooling towers are a new structural type used in large power plant due to the lightweight, good seismic performance, convenient construction, easy maintenance and cost-efficiency. This paper presents a new type of hyperbolic steel cooling tower, namely truss-stiffened single-layer reticulated shell cooling tower. Based on the stress-control priniciple, a new method called step-by-step optimization looseness iteration algorithm is proposed, with the convergence problems in the optimization process solved. Based on five main dimensional and structural parameters, the orthogonal experiment is carried out. Through optimization design and variance analysis on optimized models, it is found that among the five parameters, the number of hoop truss is dominant, with consideration on the total steel consumption and the maximum lateral displacement on the top. By comparing the basic frequency, the total steel consumption, the maximum lateral displacement of the top and the elastic buckling load with the built-up double-layer reticulated steel cooling tower, the new type of cooling tower shows obvious advantages in steel consumption while all design requirements including the maximum lateral displacement are satisfied.
With traditional concrete cooling towers being widely used, problems also arise with respect to the design, construction and daily maintenance. Steel cooling towers are a new structural type used in large power plant due to the lightweight, good seismic performance, convenient construction, easy maintenance and cost-efficiency. This paper presents a new type of hyperbolic steel cooling tower, namely truss-stiffened single-layer reticulated shell cooling tower. Based on the stress-control priniciple, a new method called step-by-step optimization looseness iteration algorithm is proposed, with the convergence problems in the optimization process solved. Based on five main dimensional and structural parameters, the orthogonal experiment is carried out. Through optimization design and variance analysis on optimized models, it is found that among the five parameters, the number of hoop truss is dominant, with consideration on the total steel consumption and the maximum lateral displacement on the top. By comparing the basic frequency, the total steel consumption, the maximum lateral displacement of the top and the elastic buckling load with the built-up double-layer reticulated steel cooling tower, the new type of cooling tower shows obvious advantages in steel consumption while all design requirements including the maximum lateral displacement are satisfied.
引文
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[2] 尹麟.大型钢结构双曲抛物面冷却塔探索[D].上海:同济大学,2004.YIN Lin. Exploration of Large-scale Hyperbolic Parabolic Steel Cooling Tower [D]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2004.
[3] 陈月明.车辐式张拉结构冷却塔[P].中国专利:CN106049920A,2016-10-26.
[4] 胡宗羽,钱基宏,马明,等. 索结构冷却塔研究[J].建筑科学, 2016,32(11): 1-6.HU Zong-yu, QIAN Ji-hong, MA Ming, et al. Research on a cable cooling tower [J]. Building Science, 2016,32(11): 1-6.
[5] 殷志祥,张辉. 双层双曲线形网壳结构冷却塔的优化研究[J]. 钢结构, 2002,17(6): 10-12.YIN Zhi-xiang, ZHANG Hui. The optimum research on cooling tower of double hyperbolic reticulated shell structure [J]. Steel Construction. 2002,17(6): 10-12.
[6] ANSYS R13.0. Canonsberg [R]. PA: ANSYS Inc.,2010.
[7] 高鸣,燕东强,张建亮,等.参数化建模在空间网格结构中的应用[J].建筑结构,2013,43(17): 149-151.GAO Ming, YAN Dong-qiang, ZHANG Jian-liang, et al. Application of parametric modeling in design of space frame structures [J]. Building Structure, 2013,43(17): 149-151.
[8] 薛文,白国良,姚友成,等.超大型双曲冷却塔考虑不同场地类型的地震性能研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(4): 224-226.XUE Wen, BAI Guo-liang, YAO You-cheng, et al. Study on performance of large hyperbolic cooling tower in different fields [J]. Journal of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering, 2010,8(4): 224-226.
[9] GB 50102-2014.工业循环水冷却设计规范[S].北京: 中国计划出版社,2014.
[10] GB 50009-2012.建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[11] 数学手册编写组.数学手册[M].北京: 高等教育出版社, 1979.
[12] 方开泰,马长兴.正交与均匀试验设计[M].北京: 科学出版社,2001.