松材线虫病疫木生物除害技术研究
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摘要
为提高松材线虫病疫木除害效率,并提高林间天敌花绒寄甲种群数量,采用"疫木隔离+释放花绒寄甲+种植茯苓"的方法,开展了疫木生物除害及控制松材线虫病的试验。结果表明,采用铁丝网罩就地隔离疫木、人工释放花绒寄甲、利用疫木种植茯苓3种措施组合处理松材线虫病疫木,对松褐天牛传播松材线虫病可起到明显的阻断作用,降低了松材线虫对健康松树的致死率。"疫木隔离+释放花绒寄甲+种植茯苓"处理的病死木减退率达93.05%、防效达85.34%,为各处理中最优;其次是"疫木隔离+释放花绒寄甲"处理,病死木减退率为92.91%,防效为85.07%,与前一处理的防效无显著差异;"疫木隔离+种植茯苓"处理的病死木减退率为88.62%,防效为76.03%,显著低于前两处理的防效。"疫木隔离+释放花绒寄甲"措施中的疫木未能充分利用;"疫木隔离+种植茯苓"措施虽然提高了疫木无害化利用价值,但未能增加林间花绒寄甲种群数量。综合考量,疫木就地隔离后,在松褐天牛预蛹和蛹期释放花绒寄甲,待花绒寄甲羽化为成虫离开疫木后,在疫木木段接菌种植茯苓是利用生物技术对松材线虫病疫木进行无害处理的优良方法,值得大面积推广应用。
In order to improve controlling efficiency of wood damaged by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and increase population of the natural enemy of Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire, controlling experiment against B. xylophilus was conducted by biological methods of "isolation of diseased wood + release of D. helophoroides + cultivation of Poria cocos".The treatment of "isolation of diseased wood by wire mesh cover on the spot + artificial release of D. helophoroides +cultivation of P. cocos with diseased wood" could inhibited Monochamus alternatus significantly, and decreased mortality rates of pines infected with B. xylophilus. The treatment of "isolation of diseased wood + release of D. helophoroides +cultivation of P. cocos" was the best method among the treatments with decrease rates of 93.05% and controlling efficiency of 85.34%, followed by "isolation of diseased wood + release of D. helophoroides" with decrease rates of 92.91% and controlling efficiency of 85.07%. And these two treatments had not significant difference. Treatment of"isolation of diseased wood + cultivation of P. cocos" was lower effecient than the treatments above with decrease rates of 88.62% and controlling efficiency of 76.03%. As comparasion with three compound methods, the treatment of "isolation of diseased wood + release of D. helophoroides" had not take full use of diseased wood, and the treatment of "isolation of diseased wood + cultivation of P. cocos" couldn′ t increase population quantity of D. helophoroides. In conclusion, the optimum procedure was as follows: after the diseased wood was isolated on the spot, D. helophoroides was released on pupal and pre-pupal stage of M. alternatus. And after emergency of D. helophoroides, cultivation of P. cocos was conducted on the wood. It was a good method with biological techniques for treatment of diseased wood by B. xylophilus,which was worth to be applied in a large area.
In order to improve controlling efficiency of wood damaged by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and increase population of the natural enemy of Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire, controlling experiment against B. xylophilus was conducted by biological methods of "isolation of diseased wood + release of D. helophoroides + cultivation of Poria cocos".The treatment of "isolation of diseased wood by wire mesh cover on the spot + artificial release of D. helophoroides +cultivation of P. cocos with diseased wood" could inhibited Monochamus alternatus significantly, and decreased mortality rates of pines infected with B. xylophilus. The treatment of "isolation of diseased wood + release of D. helophoroides +cultivation of P. cocos" was the best method among the treatments with decrease rates of 93.05% and controlling efficiency of 85.34%, followed by "isolation of diseased wood + release of D. helophoroides" with decrease rates of 92.91% and controlling efficiency of 85.07%. And these two treatments had not significant difference. Treatment of"isolation of diseased wood + cultivation of P. cocos" was lower effecient than the treatments above with decrease rates of 88.62% and controlling efficiency of 76.03%. As comparasion with three compound methods, the treatment of "isolation of diseased wood + release of D. helophoroides" had not take full use of diseased wood, and the treatment of "isolation of diseased wood + cultivation of P. cocos" couldn′ t increase population quantity of D. helophoroides. In conclusion, the optimum procedure was as follows: after the diseased wood was isolated on the spot, D. helophoroides was released on pupal and pre-pupal stage of M. alternatus. And after emergency of D. helophoroides, cultivation of P. cocos was conducted on the wood. It was a good method with biological techniques for treatment of diseased wood by B. xylophilus,which was worth to be applied in a large area.
引文
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[2]郑礼平.松材线虫病疫木林间就地除害技术[J].现代农业科技,2017(2):106-107.
[3]国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.LY/T 1123-1993松材线虫病检疫技术[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994:136-145.
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[8]泽桑梓,刘宏屏,季梅,等.在思茅松松材线虫病疫木上栽培茯苓的技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,2010(17):91-94.
[9]吴云忠.松材线虫病疫木种植茯苓试验[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(4):51-56.
[10]秦锡祥,高瑞桐.花绒坚甲生物学特性及应用研究[J].昆虫知识,1988,25(2):109-112.
[11]杨忠岐.利用天敌昆虫控制我国重大林木害虫研究进展[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(4):221-227.
[12]张彦龙,杨忠岐,张翌楠,等.利用花绒寄甲防治越冬后松褐天牛试验[J].林业科学,2014,50(3):92-98.
[13]袁福生,陈元生,于海萍,等.APF-I持久型松褐天牛高效诱剂的林间应用与示范推广[J].中国植保导刊,2018,38(3):43-46.
[14]杨忠岐,王小艺,张翌楠,等.释放花绒寄甲和设置诱木防治松褐天牛对松材线虫病的控制作用研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2012,28(4):490-495.
[15]胡廷松,吴庆华,梁小苏.茯苓菌种品种比较试验[J].广西农业科学,1996(2):67-68.
[16]屈直,刘作易,朱国胜,等.茯苓菌种选育及生产技术研究进展[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(3):556-559.
[17]魏新雨.南方松树蔸茯苓品种与丰产优质栽培技术[J].食用菌,2011(5):49-50.
[2]郑礼平.松材线虫病疫木林间就地除害技术[J].现代农业科技,2017(2):106-107.
[3]国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.LY/T 1123-1993松材线虫病检疫技术[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994:136-145.
[4]国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.GB/T 23477-2009松材线虫病疫木处理技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-16.
[5]国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.LY/T 1865-2009松材线虫病疫木清理技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:5-9.
[6]来燕学,周永平,俞林祥,等.林内就地火烧病死木防治松材线虫病试验[J].江苏林业科技,2000,27(6):28-32.
[7]胡赛蓉,赵宇翔,李北屏.松材线虫病疫木安全利用新途径[J].中国森林病虫,2006,25(5):26-28.
[8]泽桑梓,刘宏屏,季梅,等.在思茅松松材线虫病疫木上栽培茯苓的技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,2010(17):91-94.
[9]吴云忠.松材线虫病疫木种植茯苓试验[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(4):51-56.
[10]秦锡祥,高瑞桐.花绒坚甲生物学特性及应用研究[J].昆虫知识,1988,25(2):109-112.
[11]杨忠岐.利用天敌昆虫控制我国重大林木害虫研究进展[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(4):221-227.
[12]张彦龙,杨忠岐,张翌楠,等.利用花绒寄甲防治越冬后松褐天牛试验[J].林业科学,2014,50(3):92-98.
[13]袁福生,陈元生,于海萍,等.APF-I持久型松褐天牛高效诱剂的林间应用与示范推广[J].中国植保导刊,2018,38(3):43-46.
[14]杨忠岐,王小艺,张翌楠,等.释放花绒寄甲和设置诱木防治松褐天牛对松材线虫病的控制作用研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2012,28(4):490-495.
[15]胡廷松,吴庆华,梁小苏.茯苓菌种品种比较试验[J].广西农业科学,1996(2):67-68.
[16]屈直,刘作易,朱国胜,等.茯苓菌种选育及生产技术研究进展[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(3):556-559.
[17]魏新雨.南方松树蔸茯苓品种与丰产优质栽培技术[J].食用菌,2011(5):49-50.