拱形沿空巷道破坏特征与控制技术
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摘要
针对倾斜厚煤层拱形沿空巷道围岩控制难题,以魏家地煤矿2303工作面运输巷为工程背景,采用数值分析的方法,对其围岩应力分布、变形与破坏规律进行了探讨。结果表明:煤柱内存在水平位移的零分界线,分界线采空区侧煤体破坏形式主要为拉剪混合破坏,另一侧煤体破坏形式主要为剪切破坏,煤柱稳定性差,实体煤帮角应力集中系数高达3. 0且作用范围大,顶板岩体沿弱面发生剪切滑移,压剪破坏严重。提出"两区一让"围岩控制技术:短锚索抑制分界线附近煤柱分离,长锚索抑制煤体沿煤岩接触面剪切滑移,并采用木托盘整体让压,数值分析结果表明顶板下沉量减少40%,煤柱帮移近量减少50%,实体煤帮移近量减少44. 4%,成功应用于控制实践。
Aiming at the problem of surrounding rock control of arched roadway along inclined thick coal seam,and taking the 2303 working face transportation lane of Weijiadi coal mine as the engineering background,the stress distribution,deformation and failure law of surrounding rock were discussed by numerical analysis method. The results show that there is a zero boundary line of horizontal displacement in the coal pillar,and the main failure mode of the side coal body in the goaf of the boundary line is the tensile-shear mixing failure. The main failure form of the other side coal body is shear failure,and the stability of the coal pillar is poor. The stress concentration factor of the coal-supporting angle is as high as 3. 0 and the range of action is large. The shearing slip of the roof rock mass along the weak surface occurs,and the compression-shear damage is serious. The surrounding rock control technology of"two zones and one yield"is proposed: the short anchor cable restrains the separation of coal pillarnear the boundary line,and the long anchor cable restrains the shear slip of the coal body along the coal rock contact surface,and the wooden pallet is used to yield. The numerical analysis results show that the roof subsidence is reduced by 40%,the coal pillar convergence is reduced by 50%,and the physical coal convergence is reduced by 44. 4%,which has successfully been applied to control practice.
Aiming at the problem of surrounding rock control of arched roadway along inclined thick coal seam,and taking the 2303 working face transportation lane of Weijiadi coal mine as the engineering background,the stress distribution,deformation and failure law of surrounding rock were discussed by numerical analysis method. The results show that there is a zero boundary line of horizontal displacement in the coal pillar,and the main failure mode of the side coal body in the goaf of the boundary line is the tensile-shear mixing failure. The main failure form of the other side coal body is shear failure,and the stability of the coal pillar is poor. The stress concentration factor of the coal-supporting angle is as high as 3. 0 and the range of action is large. The shearing slip of the roof rock mass along the weak surface occurs,and the compression-shear damage is serious. The surrounding rock control technology of"two zones and one yield"is proposed: the short anchor cable restrains the separation of coal pillarnear the boundary line,and the long anchor cable restrains the shear slip of the coal body along the coal rock contact surface,and the wooden pallet is used to yield. The numerical analysis results show that the roof subsidence is reduced by 40%,the coal pillar convergence is reduced by 50%,and the physical coal convergence is reduced by 44. 4%,which has successfully been applied to control practice.
引文
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[16]郜明明.整合矿井沿空巷道围岩破坏机制及支护优化[J].中国矿业,2017,26(7):105-110.GAO Ming-ming. Failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock in integration mine and its support optimization[J]. China Mining Magazine,2017,26(7):105-110.
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[2]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.论科学采矿[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):1-10.QIAN Ming-gao,MIAO Xie-xing,XU Jia-lin,et al. On scientized mining[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):1-10.
[3]张东升,刘洪林,范钢伟,等.新疆大型煤炭基地科学采矿的内涵与展望[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):1-6.ZHANG Dong-sheng,LIU Hong-lin,FAN Gang-wei. et al. Connotation and prospection on scientific mining of large Xinjiang coal base[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):1-6.
[4]李东印,李化敏,周英,等.煤炭资源科学采矿评价方法探讨[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(4):543-547.LI Dong-yin,LI Hua-min,ZHOU Ying,et al. Discussion on evaluation method of the coal scientized mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(4):543-547.
[5]郑爱华,许家林,钱鸣高.科学采矿视角下的完全成本体系[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(10):1196-1200.ZHENG Ai-hua,XU Jia-lin,QIAN Ming-gao. Total cost system based on the scientized mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(10):1196-1200.
[6]李俊龙.提高综放面采出率的措施[J].煤炭工程,2007,39(2):56-58.LI Jun-long. The measures to enhance the recovery ratio of the fully mechanized caving coalface[J]. Coal Engineering,2007,39(2):56-58.
[7]李磊,柏建彪,王襄禹.综放沿空掘巷合理位置及控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1564-1569.LI Lei,BAI Jian-biao,WANG Xiang-yu. Rational position and control technique of roadway driving along next goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving face[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1564-1569.
[8]柏建彪,侯朝炯,黄汉富.沿空掘巷窄煤柱稳定性数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3475-3479.BAI Jian-biao,HOU Chao-jiong,Huang Han-fu. Numerical simulation study on stability of narrow coal pillar of roadway driving along goaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3475-3479.
[9]王红胜,李树刚,张新志,等.沿空巷道基本顶断裂结构影响窄煤柱稳定性分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(2):19-22.WANG Hong-sheng,LI Shu-gang,ZHANG Xin-zhi,et al. Analysis on stability of narrow coal pillar influenced by main roof fracture structure of gob-side roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(2):19-22.
[10]王红胜,张东升,李树刚,等.基于基本顶关键岩块B断裂线位置的窄煤柱合理宽度的确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):10-16.WANG Hong-sheng,ZHANG Dong-sheng,LI Shu-gang,et al. Rational width of narrow coal pillar based on the fracture line location of key rock B in main roof[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):10-16.
[11] ZHANG Zhi-yi,ZHANG Nong,Hideki Shimada,et al.Optimization of hard roof structure over retained goafside gateroad by pre-split blasting technology[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,100:330-337.
[12] WANG Qi,HE Man-chao,YANG Jun,et al. Study of a no-pillar mining technique with automatically formed gob-side entry retaining for longwall mining in coal mines[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,110:1-8.
[13]周思友.大倾角中厚煤层拱形断面复合沿空留巷技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(S1):67-69.ZHOU Si-you. Compound gob-side entry retaining technology of large dip angle and thick coal seam with arch section[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(S1):67-69.
[14]王胜,许德新,马骥,等.松软破碎围岩回采巷道支护技术研究[J].煤矿开采,2017,22(1):69-72.WANG Sheng,XU De-xin,MA Ji,et al. Supporting technique of mining roadway with soft and broken surrounding rock[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2017,22(1):69-72.
[15]侯健.杨家村矿弱胶结软岩大断面煤巷失稳机制及支护技术[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.HOU Jian. Support technology and instability mechanism of large section coal roadway with weakly cemented soft rock in Yangjiacun mine[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining&Technology(Beijing),2017.
[16]郜明明.整合矿井沿空巷道围岩破坏机制及支护优化[J].中国矿业,2017,26(7):105-110.GAO Ming-ming. Failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock in integration mine and its support optimization[J]. China Mining Magazine,2017,26(7):105-110.
[17] LIU Gang,LONG Jing-kui,CAI Hong-du,et al. Design method of synergetic support for coal roadway[J]. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2009,1(1):524-529.
[18] XIE Wen-bing,JING Sheng-guo,REN You-kui,et al.The invalidation mechanism of bolt-mesh support in soft coal roadway[J]. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2009,1(1):384-389.
[19]谷拴成,王恩波,史向东.层状岩体中拱形巷道拱肩破坏机理分析[J].煤矿安全,2014,45(11):172-175.GU Shuan-cheng,WANG En-bo,SHI Xiang-dong. Spandrel failure mechanism analysis of arched roadway in layered rock mass[J]. Journal of Coal Mine Safety,2014,45(11):172-175.