岩溶矿区采动裂隙发育及溶洞破坏特征相似模拟
|
摘要
针对岩溶矿区煤层开采采动裂隙发育规律及其对溶洞稳定的影响问题,通过构建岩溶洞区域煤层开采模型,对煤层开采条件下的岩溶洞破坏特征以及岩层移动特征进行了分析,分析结果表明:在强烈的采动影响下,岩溶洞顶板最容易发生破坏,导致采动裂隙发育高度在岩溶洞顶板方向达到最大;在非均匀采动影响下,岩溶洞两侧岩层呈现极不均匀下沉,岩层以岩溶洞为端点发生回转,致使岩溶洞顶板和底板发生破坏。若此时,岩溶洞处于浅埋状态,则其顶板裂隙与地表容易贯通,使得地表土体颗粒流失,而底板裂隙造成岩溶洞内充填物漏失,岩溶洞顶板裂隙和底板裂隙的共同作用为岩溶地表塌陷创造了有利的客观条件。因此,在岩溶地区进行煤层开采时,应防止岩溶洞区域受到非均匀采动的影响。
In order to study the development law of mining-induced fracture and its influences on fracture development of karst caves when mining in karst area,the model of mining under karst caves was built,the stratum movement law and the failure characteristics of karst caves were analyzed when mining under the karst area. The results show that: with the strong mining influence,the karst cave roof is damaged easily,which result in the development height of mining-induced fissure is max above the karst cave; when the mining influence is asymmetrical,the subsidence of both sides of the karst cave are extremely uneven,stratum is rotating at the turning station of karst cave,which result to the destruction of karst cave roof and floor. When the karst cave is shallow,the roof fracture develop easily to the surface,so that make the surface soil particles lost,and the floor fracture will make the filling in cave lost. The combined action of the roof and floor fracture create advantageous objective conditions for karst surface collapse. Therefore,when mining in karst area,it should be prevent that the karst caves is in the area where is affect by asymmetrical mining influence.
In order to study the development law of mining-induced fracture and its influences on fracture development of karst caves when mining in karst area,the model of mining under karst caves was built,the stratum movement law and the failure characteristics of karst caves were analyzed when mining under the karst area. The results show that: with the strong mining influence,the karst cave roof is damaged easily,which result in the development height of mining-induced fissure is max above the karst cave; when the mining influence is asymmetrical,the subsidence of both sides of the karst cave are extremely uneven,stratum is rotating at the turning station of karst cave,which result to the destruction of karst cave roof and floor. When the karst cave is shallow,the roof fracture develop easily to the surface,so that make the surface soil particles lost,and the floor fracture will make the filling in cave lost. The combined action of the roof and floor fracture create advantageous objective conditions for karst surface collapse. Therefore,when mining in karst area,it should be prevent that the karst caves is in the area where is affect by asymmetrical mining influence.
引文
[1]刘招伟,张民庆,王树仁.岩溶隧道灾变预测与处治技术(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.(Liu Zhaowei,Zhang Minqing,Wang Shuren.Disaster prediction and treatment technologies of karst tunnel[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[2]袁亮.煤炭精准开采科学构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):1-7.(Yuan Liang.Scientific conception of precision coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[3]袁亮.我国深部煤与瓦斯共采战略思考[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):1-6.(Yuan Liang.Strategic thinking of simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):1-6.(in Chinese))
[4]李青锋,王卫军,彭文庆,等.断层采动活化对南方煤矿岩溶突水影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):3417-3424.(Li Qingfeng,Wang Weijun,Peng Wenqing,et al.Influence of activation fault after coal extraction on coal mine karst water-inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):3417-3424.(in Chinese))
[5]王卫军,赵延林,李青锋,等.矿井岩溶突水灾变机理[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):443-448.(Wang Weijun,Zhao Yanlin,Li Qingfeng,et al.Disaster mechanism of karst water bursting in mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):443-448.(in Chinese))
[6]宋彦琦,王兴雨,程鹏,等.椭圆形陷落柱厚壁筒突水模式力学判据及数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(3):452-455.(Song Yanqi,Wang Xingyu,Cheng Peng,et al.The mechanical criterion and numerical simulation of thick-walled elliptical cylinder collapse column model under water inrush[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(3):452-455.(in Chinese))
[7]高宗军,王敏,成世才,等.岩溶地面塌陷的水-岩耦合模型[J].昆明理工大学学报,2009,34(3):6-11,23.(Gao Zongjun,Wang Min,Cheng Shicai,et al.Water-rock coupled forecasting model of karst collapse[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology,2009,34(3):6-11,23.(in Chinese))
[8]冯佐海,韦继武.桂林市柘木岩溶塌陷成因及其分布的基本特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(3):85-89.(Feng Zuohai,Wei Jiwu.Primary characteristics and occurrence of karst collapse[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard&Control,1998,9(3):85-89.(in Chinese))
[9]王益伟,罗周全,康永,等.矿区疏干诱发岩溶塌陷特征分析及预测[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(8):10-14.(Wang Yiwei,Luo Zhouquan,Kang Yong,et al.Distribution characteristics and prediction of karst collapse induced by dewatering aquifer in mine area[J].China Safety Science Journal,2012,22(8):10-14.(in Chinese))
[10]姚光华,陈正华,向喜琼.岩溶山区采煤条件下隔水层破坏及地表水入渗特征研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(5):16-20,25.(Yao Zhenhua,Chen Zhenghua,Xiang Xiqiong.Characteristics of damage of confining beds and surface water infiltration under mining conditions in karst mountains[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(5):16-20,25.(in Chinese))
[11]贺可强,王滨,万继涛.枣庄岩溶塌陷形成机理与致塌模型的研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(5):564-569,574.(He Keqiang,Wang Bin,Wan Jitao.Study on forming mechanism of Zaozhuang karst collapse and collapse model[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(5):564-569,574.(in Chinese))
[12]王滨,李治广,董昕,等.岩溶塌陷的致塌力学模型研究-以泰安市东羊娄岩溶塌陷为例[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):119-125.(Wang Bin,Li Zhiguang,Dong Xin,et al.Study on mechanical model of karst collapse:a case of karst collapse in Dongyanglou Village,Tai’an City[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(4):119-125.(in Chinese))
[13]王滨,贺可强.岩溶塌陷临界土洞的极限平衡高度公式[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3):458-462.(Wang Bin,He Keqiang.Study on limit equilibrium height expression of critical soil cave of karst collapse[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(3):458-462.(in Chinese))
[14]胡炳南.丰城矿区坪湖煤矿岩溶塌陷破坏研究[J].矿山测量,2012(6):1-4,21.(Hu Binnan.Research on the destroy of karst surface collapse in Pinghu Mine of Fengcheng mining area[J].Mine Surveying,2012(6):1-4,21.(in Chinese))
[15]王明立.煤矿开采诱发岩溶地表塌陷的机理分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(8):4-7,11.(Wang Mingli.Analysis on karst cover collapsing mechanism caused by underground coal mining[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(8):4-7,11.(in Chinese))
[2]袁亮.煤炭精准开采科学构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):1-7.(Yuan Liang.Scientific conception of precision coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[3]袁亮.我国深部煤与瓦斯共采战略思考[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):1-6.(Yuan Liang.Strategic thinking of simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):1-6.(in Chinese))
[4]李青锋,王卫军,彭文庆,等.断层采动活化对南方煤矿岩溶突水影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):3417-3424.(Li Qingfeng,Wang Weijun,Peng Wenqing,et al.Influence of activation fault after coal extraction on coal mine karst water-inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):3417-3424.(in Chinese))
[5]王卫军,赵延林,李青锋,等.矿井岩溶突水灾变机理[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):443-448.(Wang Weijun,Zhao Yanlin,Li Qingfeng,et al.Disaster mechanism of karst water bursting in mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):443-448.(in Chinese))
[6]宋彦琦,王兴雨,程鹏,等.椭圆形陷落柱厚壁筒突水模式力学判据及数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(3):452-455.(Song Yanqi,Wang Xingyu,Cheng Peng,et al.The mechanical criterion and numerical simulation of thick-walled elliptical cylinder collapse column model under water inrush[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(3):452-455.(in Chinese))
[7]高宗军,王敏,成世才,等.岩溶地面塌陷的水-岩耦合模型[J].昆明理工大学学报,2009,34(3):6-11,23.(Gao Zongjun,Wang Min,Cheng Shicai,et al.Water-rock coupled forecasting model of karst collapse[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology,2009,34(3):6-11,23.(in Chinese))
[8]冯佐海,韦继武.桂林市柘木岩溶塌陷成因及其分布的基本特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(3):85-89.(Feng Zuohai,Wei Jiwu.Primary characteristics and occurrence of karst collapse[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard&Control,1998,9(3):85-89.(in Chinese))
[9]王益伟,罗周全,康永,等.矿区疏干诱发岩溶塌陷特征分析及预测[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(8):10-14.(Wang Yiwei,Luo Zhouquan,Kang Yong,et al.Distribution characteristics and prediction of karst collapse induced by dewatering aquifer in mine area[J].China Safety Science Journal,2012,22(8):10-14.(in Chinese))
[10]姚光华,陈正华,向喜琼.岩溶山区采煤条件下隔水层破坏及地表水入渗特征研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(5):16-20,25.(Yao Zhenhua,Chen Zhenghua,Xiang Xiqiong.Characteristics of damage of confining beds and surface water infiltration under mining conditions in karst mountains[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(5):16-20,25.(in Chinese))
[11]贺可强,王滨,万继涛.枣庄岩溶塌陷形成机理与致塌模型的研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(5):564-569,574.(He Keqiang,Wang Bin,Wan Jitao.Study on forming mechanism of Zaozhuang karst collapse and collapse model[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(5):564-569,574.(in Chinese))
[12]王滨,李治广,董昕,等.岩溶塌陷的致塌力学模型研究-以泰安市东羊娄岩溶塌陷为例[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):119-125.(Wang Bin,Li Zhiguang,Dong Xin,et al.Study on mechanical model of karst collapse:a case of karst collapse in Dongyanglou Village,Tai’an City[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(4):119-125.(in Chinese))
[13]王滨,贺可强.岩溶塌陷临界土洞的极限平衡高度公式[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3):458-462.(Wang Bin,He Keqiang.Study on limit equilibrium height expression of critical soil cave of karst collapse[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(3):458-462.(in Chinese))
[14]胡炳南.丰城矿区坪湖煤矿岩溶塌陷破坏研究[J].矿山测量,2012(6):1-4,21.(Hu Binnan.Research on the destroy of karst surface collapse in Pinghu Mine of Fengcheng mining area[J].Mine Surveying,2012(6):1-4,21.(in Chinese))
[15]王明立.煤矿开采诱发岩溶地表塌陷的机理分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(8):4-7,11.(Wang Mingli.Analysis on karst cover collapsing mechanism caused by underground coal mining[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(8):4-7,11.(in Chinese))