棒尖端外形对低气压下棒-板间隙直流放电特性影响研究
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摘要
为研究棒尖端外形对低气压下棒-板间隙直流放电特性的影响,利用低气压放电试验平台在2~20 k Pa气压下对锥尖头、半球头以及平头3种棒电极在100~300 mm间隙内进行直流电压放电试验,并通过仿真对不同棒尖端的放电特性试验结果进行验证。结果表明:棒尖端外形会对低气压下棒-板间隙的放电电压产生影响,击穿电压幅值从小到大依次为:锥尖头、半球头、平头;锥尖头棒和平头棒尖端存在局部电场极不均匀点,而半球头棒尖端电场分布较为均匀;随着气压的上升,棒-板间隙的U50%-P曲线呈稳定上升趋势。
In order to study the effects of rod tip shapes on the DC discharge characteristics of rod-plane gap under low air pressure, a test platform was set up. DC discharge tests were carried out for conical tip, hemispherical tip, and flat tip three rod electrodes at 100~300 mm of rod-plane gap and in 2~20 k Pa, and then the discharge characteristics test results of different rod tips were verified through simulation. The results show that the rod tip shapes have significant impact on the discharge characteristics of rod-plane gap under low air pressure. The breakdown voltage amplitude from small to large is conical tip, hemispherical tip, and flat tip in turn. There are severe non-uniform electric field points for the conical tip and flat tip, and the electric field distribution of the hemispherical tip is more uniform. With the increase of the air pressure, the U50%-P curves of all kinds of rod-plane gap show steady upward trend.
In order to study the effects of rod tip shapes on the DC discharge characteristics of rod-plane gap under low air pressure, a test platform was set up. DC discharge tests were carried out for conical tip, hemispherical tip, and flat tip three rod electrodes at 100~300 mm of rod-plane gap and in 2~20 k Pa, and then the discharge characteristics test results of different rod tips were verified through simulation. The results show that the rod tip shapes have significant impact on the discharge characteristics of rod-plane gap under low air pressure. The breakdown voltage amplitude from small to large is conical tip, hemispherical tip, and flat tip in turn. There are severe non-uniform electric field points for the conical tip and flat tip, and the electric field distribution of the hemispherical tip is more uniform. With the increase of the air pressure, the U50%-P curves of all kinds of rod-plane gap show steady upward trend.
引文
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[12]夏喻,李卫国,李志超,等.绝缘材料及其参数对放电腔体表面电场强度和电位分布的影响[J].绝缘材料,2017,50(4):42-45.
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[20]王羽,安韵竹,文习山,等.长空气间隙负极性操作冲击放电特性研究(III)-统计特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(36):6530-6535.
[21]周黎明,吴正宇,邱毓昌.锥尖棒-平板间隙电场不均匀系数的近似公式[J].电工技术学报,1994,9(2):39-42.
[22]刘子瑞,周黎明,邱毓昌.半球头棒-平板间隙轴线电场强度的近似计算式[J].电工技术学报,1996,11(5):36-39.
[23]Qiu Y.Simple Expression of Field Nonuniformity Factor for Hemispherically Capped Rod-plane Gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1986,21(4):673-675.
[24]倪光正.工程电磁场原理[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2009:49-53.
[2]Carrara G,Thione L.Switching Surge Strength of Large Air Gaps:A Physical Approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1976,95(2):512-524.
[3]Hutzler B,Hutzler-Barre D.Leader Propagation Model for Predetermination of Switching Surge Flashover Voltage of Large Air Gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1978,PAS-97(4):1087-1096.
[4]Nakano Y,Kojima H,Hayakawa N,et al.Pre-discharge and Flashover Characteristics of Impulse Surface Discharge in Vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(1):403-410.
[5]Nakano Y,Kojima H,Hayakawa N,et al.Development Process of Impulse Surface Discharge in Vacuum[C]//201225th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.IEEE,2012:125-128.
[6]Kojima H,Ishida M,Hayakawa N,et al.Partial Discharge Characteristics and Mechanisms in Consideration of Charge Behavior on Alumina Dielectrics Under AC Voltage in Vacuum[C]//2013 2nd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology.Matsue:IEEE,2013:1-4.
[7]Kojima H,Ishida M,Hayakawa N,et al.Charge Behavior and Partial Discharge Characteristics on Alumina Dielectrics Under AC Voltage Application in Vacuum[C]//2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.IEEE,2012:68-71.
[8]Kojima H,Aoki K,Hayakawa N,et al.Partial Discharge in Vacuum on Insulator Surface Under AC Voltage Application[C]//2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology.Xi’an:IEEE,2011:521-524.
[9]Yamano Y,Ito S,Kato K,et al.Charging Characteristics and Electric Field Distribution on Alumina as Affected by Triple Junctions in Vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2002,9(2):173-177.
[10]Okubo H,Yamano Y,Ohashi A,et al.Vacuum Discharge Phenomena Under Non-uniform Field Conditions[C]//XVIIIth International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.IEEE,1998,1:93-100.
[11]杨亚奇,李卫国,袁创业,等.一种用于模拟低气压放电的试验腔体试制研究[J].华北电力大学学报,2017,44(1):65-69.
[12]夏喻,李卫国,李志超,等.绝缘材料及其参数对放电腔体表面电场强度和电位分布的影响[J].绝缘材料,2017,50(4):42-45.
[13]王逊,张云峰,唐镇松.DL-10A型石英真空计[J].真空,2014,51(4):35-37.
[14]王逊,张云峰,唐镇松.DL-10A型石英真空计的性能[J].真空,2010,47(4):72-74.
[15]GB/T 16927.1—1997,高电压试验技术第一部分:一般试验要求[S].
[16]蒋兴良,于亮,苑吉河,等.低气压棒-板间隙操作冲击放电特性及电压校正[J].高电压技术,2007,33(11):70-74.
[17]孙才新,蒋兴良,司马文霞,等.海拔4000m以上短间隙交流放电特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(10):116-120.
[18]徐黎明,陈晓宁,马志瀛.六氟化硫断路器无载介质恢复特性的计算[J].中国电机工程学报,1998,18(5):315-318.
[19]周泽存,沈其功,方瑜,等.高电压技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:21-22.
[20]王羽,安韵竹,文习山,等.长空气间隙负极性操作冲击放电特性研究(III)-统计特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(36):6530-6535.
[21]周黎明,吴正宇,邱毓昌.锥尖棒-平板间隙电场不均匀系数的近似公式[J].电工技术学报,1994,9(2):39-42.
[22]刘子瑞,周黎明,邱毓昌.半球头棒-平板间隙轴线电场强度的近似计算式[J].电工技术学报,1996,11(5):36-39.
[23]Qiu Y.Simple Expression of Field Nonuniformity Factor for Hemispherically Capped Rod-plane Gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1986,21(4):673-675.
[24]倪光正.工程电磁场原理[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2009:49-53.