极低频磁场的生物学效应
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摘要
极低频磁场(ELF-MF)是一种普遍存在的环境物理因子,随着科技的发展和人类活动范围的不断扩大,人类、哺乳类、鱼类等生物时刻暴露于ELF-MF环境中,其潜在的生物学效应备受关注。为此,通过广泛调研极低频磁场生物学效应的相关文献,着重从动物行为、免疫功能、细胞发育、胚胎发育等角度对近年来极低频磁场生物学效应的研究成果进行了综述,使读者更直观地了解极低频磁场生物效应研究的发展历程及研究结论。动物行为研究主要包括极低频磁场对鱼类的迁徙行为以及哺乳动物运动行为的影响等方面;免疫功能研究主要包括极低频磁场对哺乳动物机体免疫的影响等方面;细胞发育研究主要包括极低频磁场对细胞生长、细胞凋亡和基因表达的影响等方面;胚胎发育研究主要包括极低频磁场对鸟类、鱼类、无脊椎动物和哺乳动物胚胎发育过程的影响等方面。现有的研究尚未得出一致的结论,结合相应的暴露参考限值,对研究可能存在的问题进行了分析,提出未来的研究方向应包括评价体系的完善、低强度极低频磁场生物效应的研究以及极低频磁场与其他环境因子联合效应的研究。
Extremely low frequency magnetic field(ELF-MF) is a kind of ubiquitous physical environment factor. With the development of science and society, organisms, such as human, mammals and fish, are continuously exposure to ELF-MF. Nowadays, more and more attention has been paid to the biological effects of ELF-MF exposure. On the basis of the present literatures into the biological effects of ELF-MF, we summarized the research results with a focus on animal behavior, immunologic function, cell development, and embryonic development, expecting to provide the knowledge of development on the biological effects of ELF-MF, as well as its main research achievements. Most of the animal behavior studies were focused on the migration of fish, as well as the locomotion of mammalian, etc. Immunological function mainly aimed at immunological system of the organism. Cell development studies put mainly efforts in cell growth, apoptosis, and gene expression, etc. Embryonic development mainly targeted at the effects of magnetic fields on birds, fish, invertebrates and mammals. However, there is no accordant conclusion based on the research results. The present paper analyzes the possible issues and propose the future research directions combining with the exposure limits. Future research should include the improvements of the risk assessment system, the biological effects of ELF-MF with low-intensity, as well as the combined effects of ELF-MF and other environmental factors.
Extremely low frequency magnetic field(ELF-MF) is a kind of ubiquitous physical environment factor. With the development of science and society, organisms, such as human, mammals and fish, are continuously exposure to ELF-MF. Nowadays, more and more attention has been paid to the biological effects of ELF-MF exposure. On the basis of the present literatures into the biological effects of ELF-MF, we summarized the research results with a focus on animal behavior, immunologic function, cell development, and embryonic development, expecting to provide the knowledge of development on the biological effects of ELF-MF, as well as its main research achievements. Most of the animal behavior studies were focused on the migration of fish, as well as the locomotion of mammalian, etc. Immunological function mainly aimed at immunological system of the organism. Cell development studies put mainly efforts in cell growth, apoptosis, and gene expression, etc. Embryonic development mainly targeted at the effects of magnetic fields on birds, fish, invertebrates and mammals. However, there is no accordant conclusion based on the research results. The present paper analyzes the possible issues and propose the future research directions combining with the exposure limits. Future research should include the improvements of the risk assessment system, the biological effects of ELF-MF with low-intensity, as well as the combined effects of ELF-MF and other environmental factors.
引文
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